Special Papershttps://repository.kippra.or.ke/handle/123456789/202024-03-28T12:03:09Z2024-03-28T12:03:09ZSpecial Paper No. 34 of 2022 on Tracing the Effectiveness of Kenya’s Continuum of Anti-Corruption Strategies Kenyahttps://repository.kippra.or.ke/handle/123456789/39532023-12-11T06:15:50Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 34 of 2022 on Tracing the Effectiveness of Kenya’s Continuum of Anti-Corruption Strategies Kenya
Corruption persistently and relentlessly remains a challenge in Kenya with a huge
cost to the economy. It is a hindrance to good governance and inflicts substantial
economic costs such as misappropriation or loss of public funds and livelihoods.
Kenya’s rating on the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), for the past 20 years,
continues to remain low, ranging from 19 points (lowest) to 28 points (highest),
out of the possible 100 points.
In addition, Kenya scores very low on the Worldwide Governance Indicators
(WGI), in Sub-Saharan Africa. These governance indicators are the measure of
a government’s effectiveness in the fight against corruption. These indicators are
government effectiveness, political stability, regulatory quality, rule of law, voice
and accountability, independence of the judiciary, accountability of the public
service, application of credible sanctions, freedom of expression, freedom of the
media and satisfaction with poverty reduction.
Anti-corruption initiatives in Kenya date back to the colonial era, when the Kenya
Prevention of Corruption Act (Cap 65) was enacted in 1956. The Act prescribed
actions and offences that amount to corruption, such as corruption in office
(behaviour), corrupt transactions with agents and public servants obtaining
advantage without consideration, and prescribed penalties therefor.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZReport on Youth Unemployment, Under-Employment and Decent Work in Kenyahttps://repository.kippra.or.ke/handle/123456789/39452022-11-30T13:05:54Z2012-01-01T00:00:00ZReport on Youth Unemployment, Under-Employment and Decent Work in Kenya
This study presents the profile of youth unemployment and underemployment for Kenya, with findings on job quality, the size and dimensions of open unemployment and underemployment, and the role of education in reducing inequalities in labor markets. The analysis conducted is based on nationally representative data sets from the Kenya Integrated Household Budget
Survey of 2006 and the 2009 national population census. Kenya has a very youthful population with those aged under 15 constituting about 43% of the population. The share of population aged 15 to 34 -the youth is 35.3%, implying that Kenya’s
total population of nearly 40 million individuals is dominated by young persons under the age of 35 years. The persons aged 35 years and over constitute 22% of the total popular distribution being repeated - more or less - across all the administrativejinces to about 23% in Northeastern province. About 7% of the youth amounting to 1 million individuals were openly unemployed in
2009. Remarkably, the unemployment rates do not vary much even when those individuals who are not searching for jobs are considered as unemployed.
2012-01-01T00:00:00ZReport on Inequalities and Social Cohesion in Kenya: Evidence and Policy Implicationshttps://repository.kippra.or.ke/handle/123456789/39422022-11-30T13:05:39Z2013-01-01T00:00:00ZReport on Inequalities and Social Cohesion in Kenya: Evidence and Policy Implications
Socio-economic development of a country involves successful interventions that improve,
just the incomes of the population, but also the various widely accepted dimensions of human
welfare, such as child and maternal survival and access to basic needs (food, shelter and
education). Critically, such welfare improvements should occur across the whole country to
enable national welfare averages to also improve. A national government is therefore obliged to
ensure the delivery of the services that affect the performance of human welfare across the
whole country. While nature often conspires to endow regions within countries differently -
such as agro-climatically, a core responsibility of a national government is to distribute its
resources in a way that diminishes the impacts of the disparities endowed by nature, to the
extent that such disparities can differentiate human welfare attainments across the country. The
need to pay attention to resource distribution is heightened in countries where livelihoods are
dominated by primary production, as opposed to services or manufacturing. The ineffective
management of accumulated resources differentially undermines people access to private
goods, quasi-public goods and pure public goods. This perpetuates, and in instances,
exacerbates nature-endowed inequalities. Consequently, citizen perceptions and the realities of
unequal treatment by the government, and perceptions and realities of unequal welfare
outcomes, undermine national cohesion and integration. In turn, this undermines a flagship
project of many developing countries, the transformation of the multi-ethnic territorial state
inherited from colonialism into a viable nation state.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 33 of 2022 on Sustaining Momentum for Achieving the Kenya Vision 2030: A Review of the Status of Implementation of the Flagship Projectshttps://repository.kippra.or.ke/handle/123456789/38682023-05-02T08:45:13Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 33 of 2022 on Sustaining Momentum for Achieving the Kenya Vision 2030: A Review of the Status of Implementation of the Flagship Projects
Kenya attained relatively higher growth rates during the Medium-Term Plan
(MTP) II than during the Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment
Creation (ERS-WEC) and MTP I phases. Economic growth averaged 5.5 per cent
during the MTP II phase compared to an average of 5 per cent and 4 per cent
attained during the ERS-WEC and MTP I period. The improvement in growth
rates between MTP I and MTP II led to tripling of per capita income during the
same period. However, it is noteworthy that the country did not meet the growth
targets under MTP I and MTP II.
Consequently, there was a significant drop in poverty rates during MTP I and
MTP II periods. Economic growth rate translated to poverty reduction, though at
a relatively slower pace. According to the KIHBS of 2005/06 and KIHBS 2015/16,
poverty rate dropped from 46.6 per cent in 2005/06 to 36.1 per cent in 2015/16.
This implies that poverty dropped by an average of 1.1 percentage points per year
between 2005/06 and 2015/16. However, during the same period, the country
attained an average growth of 5.0 per cent. Therefore, the rate of economic growth
was relatively faster than poverty reduction pace. The global financial crisis and a number of security challenges affected the country’s
attainment of savings and investment targets. Actual savings and investment as a
percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) averaged 12.1 per cent, respectively,
during the MTP I against average targets of 21.6 per cent and 27.4 per cent of
GDP, respectively.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 32 of 2022 on Enhancing Inclusivity by Empowering Persons with Disabilities (PWDs)https://repository.kippra.or.ke/handle/123456789/37222023-12-11T06:15:00Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 32 of 2022 on Enhancing Inclusivity by Empowering Persons with Disabilities (PWDs)
Kenya has made milestones in legal and policy environment which aim at supporting the persons with disabilities (PWDs). This is demonstrated through the inclusion of disability issues in the Kenya Constitution (2010) and enactment of the disability Act (2003) as well as development of the disability policy. As a result, various sectors have developed sector specific policies to inform decisions on how to empower and enhance the welfare of PWDs. However, PWDs still face various forms of exclusion in various socio economic dimensions. In the health subsector, about 80 per cent of PWDs do not access quality medical
services compared to 50 per cent of the general population that lack capacity
to access health services. Among other actionable recommendations, there is
need for targeted budgeting and planning which will also include subsidizing
membership to national hospital insurance scheme; universal registration of
PWDs to the national medical insurance and preferential insurance premiums in
private insurance schemes.
On food and nutrition the findings show that persons with disabilities have
higher incidence of missing food. One in every two households with PWDs
reported to have missed food compared to households without PWDs. Going
forward there is need for public education and supply of food supplements to
PWDs for nutrition enhancement, enhance agricultural support for households
with PWDs through targeted on-farm training, subsidize farm equipment and
materials as well as provide special insurance premiums for livestock and crops
for households with PWDs.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No 31 of 2022 on Research Ecosystem Strengthening through the Development of a Public Affairs Index to Support the Devolved System of Government in Kenyahttps://repository.kippra.or.ke/handle/123456789/36772023-05-02T08:32:26Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No 31 of 2022 on Research Ecosystem Strengthening through the Development of a Public Affairs Index to Support the Devolved System of Government in Kenya
The Public Affairs Index (PAI) is a framework for monitoring delivery of public
services at the county level. The Index helps to identify gaps, bring out emerging
issues, and guide in prioritizing policy actions. The project that generated the
PAI demonstrates the role of KIPPRA, as a think tank and research intermediary,
in strengthening frameworks and tools for coordinating key stakeholders in the
research ecosystem in Kenya to dialogue, network and enhance research uptake
to inform the implementation of the devolved system of government. Through
the project, five ecosystem strengthening goals have been achieved, as part of the
RISA Fund, namely the building of human capital for the research stakeholders
involved, enhancing research uptake into policies and regulations at the national
platform as well as county level, equitable and inclusive participation devolved to
each of the 47 counties, the networking of assets to drive collaboration between
research actors and policy makers, and providing incentives for high quality
research.
Hence, based on the RISA project, this report provides detailed indicators in the
framework across nine pillars, namely fiscal management, economic performance,
human capital development, essential infrastructure, environmental management,
transparency and accountability, crime and justice, water, sanitation and hygiene
(WASH), and social welfare.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 30 of 2022 on Research Ecosystem Strengthening through the Development of a Framework for County Business Environment for Micro and Small Enterprises in Kenyahttps://repository.kippra.or.ke/handle/123456789/36762023-05-02T08:30:20Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 30 of 2022 on Research Ecosystem Strengthening through the Development of a Framework for County Business Environment for Micro and Small Enterprises in Kenya
This research paper presents the County Business Environment for MSEs
(CBEM) 2022. CBEM is a framework that provides a tool for monitoring progress
in improving the business environment for growth and survival of MSEs. In 2019,
KIPPRA developed the first version of CBEM covering four critical thematic areas
that support growth and development of micro and small enterprises, including
worksites and related infrastructure, market environment, technical capacity,
and governance and regulatory framework. The CBEM 2022 extends this work to
capture emerging issues affecting MSEs’ business environment, including Internet
connectivity within the worksites, trade participation in market environment and
participation in policy and regulatory framework formulation under governance
and regulatory framework. Further, two thematic areas on financial inclusion
and risk preparedness and management are included, making up a total of 30
indicators.
The overall score for 2022 was 29.37, a slight improvement from the status in
2019 at 20.98. Self-regulation was ranked the highest performing indicator,
demonstrating the efforts by MSEs to form associations to support their
operations. Innovation and patenting pillars scored the least, indicating the need
to emphasize on policy interventions that promote innovations and subsequent
patenting among the MSEs. On average, the counties that ranked top of the score
were Nairobi, Nandi, Kiambu and Nyeri.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 13 of 2012 on Enhancing Productivity and Competitiveness of the Kenyan Economy Through a Cluster Development Strategyhttps://repository.kippra.or.ke/handle/123456789/30662023-05-02T09:22:37Z2012-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 13 of 2012 on Enhancing Productivity and Competitiveness of the Kenyan Economy Through a Cluster Development Strategy
The world economy is undergoing rapid change
associated with globalization and liberalization,
which has increased the need for industrial
competitiveness. Kenya ranks low in global
competitiveness and compares unfavourably with
the East Asian economies that Kenya aspires to
catch up with. During the past four decades, the government
has implemented various policy tools to
enhance competitiveness and transformation
of the economy, but the level of success has
been low. Conscious of the challenges facing the Kenyan
economy, the National Economic and Social
Council (NESC) recommended the adoption
of a cluster development strategy. Cluster
development strategies and the new structural
economics represent an emerging middle ground
in development thinking between heavy state
interventions and unbridled free markets. Clusterbased
development strategies recognize the
fundamental role of the invisible hand of the market
and the strategic role of the state in facilitation
and coordination of development efforts towards
economic transformation.
2012-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 06 of 2004 on Security Risks and Private Sector Growth in Kenyahttps://repository.kippra.or.ke/handle/123456789/28822023-05-02T10:37:30Z2004-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 06 of 2004 on Security Risks and Private Sector Growth in Kenya
Crime is one of the major factors that define the investment climate or the enabling environment
for private businesses to thrive. A favorable investment climate is crucial for private sector
growth, as it reduces the cost of doing business. A good investment climate attracts private
investment by assuring "business security". Security of both property and individuals
influences the investment climate. Crime and insecurity in Nairobi and in Kenya as a whole has
been on the increase over the years. Indeed, the recent upsurge in crime has been reported in
the Economic Survey 2004. Furthermore, concerns about crime and insecurity have been widely
broadcasted in the media and have been a subject for discussion in various fora, including
parliament. The aim of this study is to establish the scope, threats and dynamics of crime and insecurity in
Kenya. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to examine issues related to insecurity and
crime in Nairobi, including the scope, trends and dynamics of insecurity and crime in Kenya;
and to review the implications of crime and insecurity on the business environment especially
in terms of private sector business operations and investment.
2004-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 02 of 2002 on Legal and Other Constraints on Access to Financial Services in Kenyahttps://repository.kippra.or.ke/handle/123456789/28812023-05-02T09:49:29Z2002-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecial Paper No. 02 of 2002 on Legal and Other Constraints on Access to Financial Services in Kenya
This Special Paper examines the constraints that limit access to finance and to develop specific recommendations for the removal of legal constraints and further actions to address problems of non-legal nature. The structure of the financial services industry is determined principally by regulations. This report,
the result of a consultative, participatory survey process, highlights various deficiencies and
weaknesses in current regulations. Stakeholders in the various sectors of the financial services
industry were surveyed for their views on how the regulatory framework constrains the provision of
financial services. The survey results therefore express the views and opinions of players in the
financial services industry.
2002-01-01T00:00:00Z