The Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment was carried out in the County of Makueni and five other counties, namely: Nakuru, Kajiado, Baringo, West Pokot and Kakamega. The exercise was undertaken by KIPPRA in conjunction with the World Bank (Kenya Office) in 2017. This was the first sub-national PEFA assessment in Kenya following devolved system of government. The rationale for the PEFA assessment is to provide a clear and deeper understanding about the functioning of the public finance management (PFM) system and the organizational aspects of existing institutions at county level. The main objectives of the assessment include: i) assess the state of financial management capacity in the county government; ii) identify gaps in capacities, systems, policies and processes in PFM; iii) provide a basis for PFM reforms; and iv) facilitate and develop a self-assessment capacity at the county level. The assessment covered a period of three (3) fiscal years 2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16. It focused on seven (7) key pillars of the PEFA framework, namely: (i) budget reliability; (ii) comprehensiveness and transparency; (iii) management of assets and liabilities; (iv) policybased fiscal strategy and budgeting; (v) predictability and control in budget execution; (vi) accounting and reporting; and (vii) external scrutiny and audit.