KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN © County Government of Kericho, 2018 A sustainable Agro-industrialized county fostering equitable socio-economic growth and environmental values KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN i 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN , 2017 - 2027 THE PLAN REPORT © County Government of Kericho, 2018 Published and Printed by: GeoMaestro Consult Africa PO Box 7916 - 00200 Nairobi Tel: +254 722970941/721219914 Email: geomaestroafrica@gmail.com Website: www.geomaestroafrica.com Authored by: Consulting Team: Plan. F.O. Komollo, B.L. Langat, Plan A.O. Eshitera, Dr. F.K. Ngetich, Mrs Mary Wanza, Surv. M.M. Lishenga, Eng. E.K. Langat, Koech Kibet, S.C. Kiprop, J.T. Ohinya, H.K. Bett, K.M. Muthui, D.M. Njenga, M. Kimutai, G. Koech, S.K. Bett, Eng J. Cheruiyot and H.M. Langat County Spatial Planning Team: Eng. B. Odoyo, Plan. S. Inziani, Eng. V. Monari, Eng. J. Chirchir, Mr. John Mibei, Mr. A. K. Bore, Lily Koech, F. Korir, Nelson Ngetich, Mr. David Ruto and K. Amani Compiled by: Plan. F.O. Komollo, B.L. Langat, A.O. Eshitera, S.C. Kiprop, J.T. Ohinya, H.K. Bett and K.M. Muthui Edited by: James Mbugua Layout Design by: Manjano Graphics ISBN: 978-9966-114-88-4 ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN ii 2017 - 2027 Foreword The Governor County Spatial Planning is a critical step in ensuring that all resources within the County are fully utilized for the wellbeing of the people. County Spatial Plan (CSP), therefore, is a very important document that will inform and guide the socio-economic development for Kericho in the next ten years. I am delighted to have been part of this significant achievement and wish to thank and congratulate all the people who made this possible. The CSP is informed by the needs and aspirations of the people of Kericho as well as the opportunities and threats that exist in the economic environment. The essence of this planning effort is to ensure that all the identified opportunities are fully utilized and threats neutralized. We have since identified and appreciated our weak areas and will ensure that they are duly addressed. Our strengths shall form our competitive edge and the products from this great County will sufficiently cover our needs and those of others who will source from us. This CSP has made reference to other high-level plans including Vision 2030, which is the National main development blue print and the National spatial plan, to ensure that our progress is in tandem with that of the entire country. In order to achieve the desired development goals, I urge all the arms of my government to refer to this blue print while formulating their annual development plan. This CSP, alongside the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) shall form the basis for other plans and budgets from now henceforth, in line with the constitution of Kenya 2010 and the applicable statutes. The opportunities as provided for in this CSP have been made available to all, including the private sector and development partners. These opportunities exist in all sectors; including agriculture, healthcare, manufacturing, housing among others. I encourage you to fully exploit them, and to support our programs as a government whenever you are able to. Let us all team up with one aim to make Kericho County A sustainable Agro-industrialized county fostering equitable socio- economic growth and environmental values. I wish to commend the department of Land, Housing and Physical Planning for a job well done. I urge you to enforce this plan, and to cascade it to lower level plans without delay. I also thank the County Assembly of Kericho for its support. The people of Kericho will thank you for finding it important to prioritize this project despite the limited resources. Thanks to all the departments, agencies, staff and consultants who ensured that this project is a success. May God bless you all. God bless Kericho. H.E. Prof. Paul K. Chepkwony, The Governor, County Government of Kericho. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN iii 2017 - 2027 Foreword The Deputy Governor Kericho County Spatial Plan (CSP) 2017-2027 is a ten-year plan that has been formulated to guide development and facilitate the transformation of the lives of the residents of the county. The plan interprets national and regional policies to county level, provide a framework for guiding land use, integrates sectoral policies and provide programs on which to anchor county level development plans. Preparation of the plan is anchored in the Constitution of Kenya (2010), County Government Act (2012) and other enabling legislations. The Preparation of the spatial plan involved collection spatial and aspatial data which is then synthesized for rational development of plan proposals. In spite of its diversity and rich natural resources, the County faces a myriad of development challenges including: low levels of access to portable water, inadequate support infrastructure for industrial development; stagnating economy due to low agricultural productivity and value addition, inadequate health services, few skill development centers and recreational facilities. Kericho is also faced with environmental degradation, lack of a land information management system, unbalanced development and poor urban management. Public participation was actualized through sub-county stakeholder meetings, focus group interviews, administration of questionnaires, technical, executive and county assembly meetings to ensure aspirations of Kericho residents were captured in the plan. Through this plan a Geographic Information System laboratory was established and staff trained on latest land use management technologies. A detailed inventory of county physiographic, economic, social and physical infrastructure, agriculture, settlements, and environmental resources was prepared. Development challenges in all sectors were identified, strategies, policies, programs and projects were then formulated with an implementation framework outlining priority areas, phasing and cost estimates including key actors. All these projects aim at attainment of Vision 2030, Sustainable Development Goals, Africa Union Agenda 2063, other regional and international cooperation frameworks and the National Government’s transformative agenda ―The Big Four initiatives. H.E. Hon. Susan Kikwai, OGW The Deputy Governor County Government of Kericho iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN iv 2017 - 2027 Preface The department of Land, Housing and Physical Planning has an obligation to secure competitive, equitable and dynamic land use practices for a sustainable economic development of Kericho County. Inspired by the County Government’s vision and mission, we are delighted to have completed the Kericho County Spatial Plan (CSP) for the Period 2017-2027. This ten-year framework integrates all aspects of development in Kericho County. The plan presents the socio-economic situation, resource potentials and future needs that are based on demographic trends. The proposals are presented along key thematic areas that include agriculture, water and environment, education and social development, transport and infrastructure among others. The CSP aims to ensure that residents of Kericho find most of the essential services within their reach. It also aims to transform Kericho County into a net producer of goods and services, resulting in benefits that will greatly boost the household incomes for the residents. Among the key proposals in this plan include healthcare services within reach for all residents, safe and clean water for all, skill and social development facilities within reach, enhanced conferencing and a tourism to exploit the lush green Kericho environment. Accessibility to farms and markets will be greatly enhanced through the proposed upgrading of road networks and enhanced transport linkages, Strategic Economic Planning Areas (SEPAs) as well as the establishment of food hubs and value addition industries. The County Spatial Plan is an initiative of the County government as provided for by the Constitution of Kenya (2010), The County Government Act (2012) among other legislations. The County planning and development is enshrined in the Fourth Schedule of the constitution Part 2 (8), and Article 184 (1) of the Constitution of Kenya. County Governments by law have an inalienable obligation to undertake physical planning to ensure coordination and competitiveness in socio-economic development. The development plans must be balanced, harmonious, and strategic across space, sector and demography and should be enabled by a Geographical Information System (GIS) technology. I wish to thank H.E. Prof. Paul K. Chepkwony, the Governor of Kericho, and Deputy Governor H.E. Hon. Susan Kikwai, for their unequivocal support, guidance and inspiration during the county spatial planning process. Special thanks to the County Assembly of Kericho through the Assembly’s Committee on Lands, Housing and Physical Planning for their support. A special mention to all county officers under spatial planning technical implementation committee for a job well done. We have given to the people of Kericho the first ever spatial plan that will help transform the county by providing a blueprint for resource utilization in a sustainable way. God bless you all. God bless Kericho. Hon. Barnabas Ng’eno County Executive Committee Member; Lands, Housing and Physical Planning, County Government of Kericho. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN v 2017 - 2027 Acknowledgement The preparation and completion of Kericho County Spatial Plan is a big success and this was made possible through support received from all stakeholders. The general public supported the process fully and turned up in big numbers to express their views on how the county should grow. Together with the consultant and the County technical team, they developed a shared vision and went further to select preferred and prioritized projects. The support received from the general public was immense and the County Government of Kericho feels encouraged. In the same spirit we hope to implement the County Spatial Plan since every individual has a stake and will play a part in the development of the county. The commitment by the county executive which was witnessed by the presence of Hon. Barnabas Ng’eno, CEC in charge of Lands Housing and Physical Planning, gave the planning process the impetus needed. The CEC was present in stakeholders meeting to engage with the public during the vision and projects prioritization process. Spatial Planning Implementation Team (SPIT) chaired by Eng. Bittar Odoyo gave all the needed support during the planning process. We are grateful to the chair and entire team which included Plan. Sylvia Inziani who was the team secretary, Eng. Vincent Monari, Mr. John Mibei, Ms Lily Koech, Mr. David Ruto and Mr. Kevin Amani. Their presence was highly felt as they accompanied the planning consultant to various data collection missions and stakeholders’ engagement meetings. We also acknowledge the immense support we received from various technical heads who freely provided information on planned and ongoing projects from their sectors funded by County or National Government. The presence and active participation of the National Land Commission (NLC) through their representative Mr. Simeon Ting’aa was well received and a big boost in understanding the principles of inclusiveness during planning process. The SPIT was very active in organizing meetings with the entire County technical departmental heads during review meetings and technical review of projects proposed by general public and came up with a priority list. Under the chairmanship of Eng. Odoyo, the SPIT reviewed all reports on time and gave comments which improved the quality of all technical reports which were part of the input. Special Mention goes to Mr Willy Keter, my predecessor, who started this project and laid a solid foundation that has seen fruitful completion. We also recognize and acknowledge GeoMaestro Consult Africa, the consultant, on their understanding and commitment to project implementation. The consulting team was able to deliver on time. Engagement with the county and public was sufficient enough to collect information which led to informing the projects selected in this plan. Ms. Emily Sang, The Chief Officer; Department of Lands, Housing and Physical Planning, County Government of Kericho. vi KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN vi 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN vii 2017 - 2027 Certification I certify that the Kericho County Spatial Plan (2017-2027) has been prepared as per the requirements of the County Government Act, 2010 and Physical Planning Act, CAP 286. Certified 20th November 2018 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………Date …………….......................................……………….....……………. Plan. Fawcett O. Komollo (RPP 00161) Lead Consultant, GeoMaestro Consult Africa Limited 20th November 2018 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………Date …………….......................................……………….....……………. Ms. Sylvia Inziani County Physical Planner, Department of Lands, Housing and Physical Planning; County Government of Kericho Recommended by ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………Date …………….......................................……………….....……………. Ms. Emily Sang The Chief Officer, Department of Lands, Housing and Physical Planning; County Government of Kericho Adopted by ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………Date …………….......................................……………….....……………. Hon. Barnabas Ng’eno County Executive Committee Member, Department of Lands, Housing and Physical Planning; County Government of Kericho Approved by ………………………………….........................................................……THE COUNTY ASSEMBLY OF KERICHO………............…...............................……….……………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………Date …………….......................................……………….....……………. Approval Number ………................….....….…APPROVED DEVELOPMENT PLAN No. …................……………….................... PLAN REFERENCE No. ….……....................……….…………… Executive Summary The Kericho County Spatial Plan (2017-2027) seeks to organize and distribute population and development activities across the 2,569 square kilometers geographical area of the County to achieve its vision of “a sustainable agro-industrialized County fostering equitable socio-economic growth and environmental values”. The plan sets a framework for public sector action and private sector investment for the stated 10-year period legally mandated by the Constitution (2010), the County Government Act (2012) and the Physical Planning Act (1996). Though it is a medium to long term strategy, it also sets the direction for early projects to be implemented which will provide quick wins for improving the lives and livelihoods of the people of Kericho County. Central to Kericho County’s success in the future will be its ability to transform its predominantly raw-product, undifferentiated, low yielding and weak value chain agricultural-based economy to an agro-industrialized, market connected economy while at the same time securing the sustainable socio-economic well-being of its people. To this end the spatial plan is anchored on 3 key pillars. The first is improved livelihoods which analyzes how the County can be positioned strategically in order to best take advantage of economic opportunities to build a stronger value-added economy with multiplier effects of better employment and private investment. The second pillar is food security and sustainability which seeks not only to guarantee that all households will have their staple food on the dinner table, but further underwrite that the pathways of providing for the household today do not in any way endanger the ability of future generations to have adequacy of need. The third pillar is improved access to water, sanitation and health services. The plan clearly sets the tone that “a healthy County is a wealthy County” and suggests strategies that bring clean water, better sanitation and adequate health services closer to the people of Kericho County. The plan was developed over an 18-month intensive period commissioned by the County department of Land, Housing and Physical Planning and executed by GeoMaestro Africa Consult with oversight by the County Spatial Planning Team. The process involved detailed mapping of the whole County; generating high density maps; locating and mapping key facilities within the County; engaging key stakeholders including all the departments of the County Government of Kericho, Kenya Wildlife Service, Kenya Power, KURA, KERRA, Kenya Forest Service, Security Agencies, NLC through the County coordination office, KEWASCO, CBOs as well as a strong contingent of the stakeholders representing different public and private interest groups. The constitutional spirit of public participation was actualized through 18 sub-County stakeholder meetings, focus group discussions, structured interviews, over 400 survey responses; as well as technical, executive and viii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN viii 2017 - 2027 County assembly meetings to ensure aspirations of Kericho residents were captured in the plan. The major output of this process is the County Development Structure Plan which visualizes the desired Kericho County in 2027. This is further elaborated by 8 policy goals with supporting policy statements and detailed Capital Investment Plans. (i) Agriculture: Transform Kericho County’s agriculture through sustainable agricultural intensification and modernization of agro-based enterprises into commercially-oriented and competitive economic activities that boost food security, enhance local economic growth and provide gainful employment to the residents of Kericho. (ii) Economy: Promote economic prosperity through sustainable sector developments and enhancing market system. (iii) Social Services: Promote social inclusion, diverse cultural prospects and quality life through provision of basic social services. (iv) Energy: Enhance exploitation, harnessing and utilization of various forms of energy. (v) Human settlement: Enhance systematic and ordered human settlements through proper land-use planning. (vi) Water and Sanitation: Ensure sustainable access to safe water and sanitation to all. (vii) Transport and Infrastructure: Improve transport infrastructure and systems to enhance accessibility, linkages and free circulation. (viii) Environment: Promote sustainable development through proper utilization of the available natural resources and ensuring a clean and safe environment for all. The plan contains various proposals to realize these policy goals. Some of the key proposals under each sector are highlighted below: Sector Key proposals 1. Develop a mobile based database to record each farmer, farm acreage, GPS location of farm, LR number, agricultural produce and contact of the farmer. 2. Improve Farmer-to-extension officer ratio towards attaining the global Agriculture recommendation of 1:450. The service will be enhanced to include market information. 3. Regulate and enforce policy on sub-division of agricultural land. It is recommended minimum land sizes of 1.0 ha for medium and 0.4 ha for high agricultural potential zones. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN ix 2017 - 2027 1. Designate three Strategic Economic Planning Areas (SEPA’s) based on the land potential and projected market nodes 2. Plan and prioritize agro-industrialization of identified ten “viable to scale” products – Tea, Milk, Maize, Sweet Potato, Pineapples, Sugarcane, Banana, Irish Potato, Beef and Economy Beans. 3. Set up four food hubs located on identified market demand nodes near Sondu, Kapkatet, Roret and Fort Ternan. This strategy, being aligned to the big 4 agenda, provides an avenue for the County to collaborate with national government for capital and technical input. 1. Equip and operationalize 31 identified health facilities (6 Level IV, 15 Level III and 10 Level II) to meet the demand of a 2027 projected population of 1.2 million persons 2. Set up 19 secondary schools to meet the projected demand in 2027. The optimal Social- location of the schools has been suggested based on national standards applied to Services spatial and demographic characteristics. 3. Set-up 50 community development centers in addition to equipping and repurposing existing tertiary education facilities. These centers will improve well-being as well as participation of the local community in social and economic development. 1. Incentivize households and institutions to utilize renewable energy sources (including solar power and biogas from septic tanks which is the most common liquid waste disposal method in Kericho as well as waste from farms using bio-digesters) and Energy establish woodlots for fuel. 2. Establish regulations to require new developments such as urban housing and street lighting to incorporate solar energy. 1. Prioritize the review and finalization of Urban area Development Plans with supporting legislation on land use management to support and control development in the following towns with the projected land demand deficit as indicated: Kericho town (301 hectares); Sondu (13.94 hectares); Litein (17.5 hectares); Kabianga (12.9 hectares) and Kapkatet (11.5 hectares). Human settlement 2. Prioritize the development of Mtaragon and Kapsorok with supporting services to serve as growth nodes for balancing development in the northern part of Kipkelion West Sub-County. 3. Improve of Sondu – Kapsorok – Kipsitet road; and Kipkelion – Mtaragon – Nandi road to support equitable human settlement and development. 1. Establish a one-stop environment and natural resource inventory which will be regularly updated and analyzed. 2. Promote public sensitization through establishing a monthly environmental day and tree planting initiatives with a special focus on establishing a Nyando Basin Environment environmental regeneration plan. 3. Harmonize national and County level legislation and enforcement to protect sensitive areas including riparian corridors, steep slopes (above 25% slope) hills and forests. x KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN x 2017 - 2027 1. Prioritize the completion of development of a County Integrated Water and Sanitation Master Plan that will outline strategies for universal access of water and sewerage services in the County. 2. Provide offtake from Itare dam to supply Chepsir, Chepseon, Kedowa and Londiani Junction water 3. Provide offtake from Masaita dam to supply Londiani, Kipkelion and Fort Ternan Water leveraging on gravity supply. 4. Upgrade water and sewer reticulation to enhance utilization of current capacity and reduce Unaccounted for Water (UFW) currently at 46%. 5. Encourage household water harvesting measures through use of tanks to promote sustainable water supply. 1. Prioritize review of the organization and connectivity of Sondu to leverage on its market potential with the proposed SGR railroad and terminal facility to traverse Kericho County through Bureti and Soin/Sigowet sub-counties. Transport and 2. Upgrade two key roads due to their importance in achieving the County’s vision: Infrastructure 30km of Sondu-Kapsorok-Kipsitet and 15km of Fort tenan-Kokwet. 3. A local tourist circuit road has been proposed through the multi-national tea estates to promote agro-tourism. 4. Upgrade of key link roads and routine maintanance of all roads To support the realization of the plan, a GIS laboratory was established in the Department of Land, Housing and Urban Development. This fully equipped facility is envisioned to play a key role in supporting the implementation of the Kericho County Spatial Plan (2017 - 2027). Selected technical staff across several departments were adequately trained on GIS skills for spatial planning. The maxim “failing to plan is planning to fail” is not merely a cliché. The County Government of Kericho has made a strong statement for the development of the County with the preparation of the Kericho County Spatial Plan (2017 - 2027). The strong commitment to its implementation will definitely launch the County forward towards to achieve its vision of “A sustainable Agro-industrialized County fostering equitable socio-economic growth and environmental values”. Plan. Fawcett O. Komollo, Lead Consultant, GeoMaestro Consult Africa. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xi 2017 - 2027 Acronyms & Abbreviations AD Anno Domini AI Artificial Insemination ASALs Arid and Semi-Arid Lands ATIs Agricultural Training Institutes BC Before Christ CBD Central Business District CBOs Community Based Organizations CDF Constituency Development Fund CEC County Executive Committee CGK County Government of Kericho CIDP County Integrated Development Plan CoG Council of Governors CSP County Spatial Plan ECDE Early Childhood Development Education EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESA Environmentally Sensitive Areas EMCA Environment Management and Co-Ordination Act ESP Economic Stimulus Package FC Football Club FMHB Farm Management Handbook GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographic Information System GoK Government of Kenya xii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xii 2017 - 2027 Ha Hectares HFC Housing Finance Corporation ICT Information, Communication and Technology ISUD Integrated Strategic Urban Development KAA Kenya Airports Authority KALRO Kenya Livestock Research Organization KEMSA Kenya Medical Supplies Agency KeRRA Kenya Rural Roads Authority KEWASCO Kericho Water and Sanitation Company KFS Kenya Forest Service Kg Kilogram KIE Kenya Industrial Estates KISIP Kenya Informal Settlements Improvement Project KMTC Kenya Medical Training College KNBS Kenya Bureau of Statistics KPC Kenya Pipeline Company KRB Kenya Roads Board KTB Kenya Tourism Board KTTF Kenya Tourism Trust Fund KURA Kenya Urban Roads Authority KWS Kenya Wildlife Service LVBDA Lake Victoria Basin Development Authority LREC Lake Region Economic Bloc LVSCA Lake Victoria Catchment Area LVSWSB Lake Victoria South Water Service Board MDGs Millennium Development Goals MoE Ministry of Education MoH Ministry Of Health MoL&PP Ministry of Lands & Physical Planning NCPB National Cereals and Produce Board KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xiii 2017 - 2027 NEMA National Environmental Management Authority NGO Non-Governmental Organizations NHIF National Health Insurance Fund NLC National Land Commission NMT Non-Motorized Transport NSP National Spatial Plan NYS National Youth Service OD Out Diameter PDP Part Development Plan pH Potential Hydrogen PPA Physical Planning Act PSV Public Service Vehicle PWD People With Disability RIMs Registry Index Maps RVCA Rift Valley Catchment Area SACCO Savings and Credit Co-Operative SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SEPAs Strategic Economic Planning Areas SETs Strategic Economic Towns SGR Standard Gauge Railway SIA Social Impact Assessment SMIs Small-Medium Industries SPIT Spatial Planning Implementation Team TILWASCO Tililbei Water and Sanitation Company TIMPs Technologies, Innovations and Management Practices TRI Tea Research Institute UFW Unaccounted For Water WHO World Health Organization WRA Water Resources Authority WWTP Waste Water Treatment Plant xiv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xiv 2017 - 2027 Table of Contents Foreword.....................................................................................................................i Preface .......................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................vi Certification .............................................................................................................vii Executive Summary.................................................................................................viii Acronyms & Abbreviations .......................................................................................xii Table of Content ....................................................................................................... xv List of Maps ............................................................................................................ xxii List of Figures ........................................................................................................ xxiv List of Tables ......................................................................................................... xxvi Structure of the report ........................................................................................ xxviii Part I ............................................................................................................1 Introduction and Overview .........................................................................................1 Chapter 1 ...................................................................................................................3 Introduction ...............................................................................................................3 1.1. Overview .................................................................................................................. 4 1.2. Purpose of the Plan ................................................................................................. 4 1.3. Problem Statement and Justification .................................................................... 4 1.4. Vision Statement and Objectives ............................................................................ 5 1.4. Vision Statement and Objectives ............................................................................ 5 1.4.1. Objectives ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4.2. County Development Principles .......................................................................... 6 1.5. The Planning Process .............................................................................................. 6 1.6. The Geographical Context ....................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2 .................................................................................................................11 Legal and Policy Framework .....................................................................................11 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xv 2017 - 2027 2.1. Legal and Policy Framework ................................................................................. 12 2.2. Legal Framework ................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1. The Constitution of Kenya (2010) ...................................................................... 12 2.2.2. Acts of Parliament .............................................................................................. 12 2.3. Policy Framework .................................................................................................. 13 2.3.1. The Kenya Vision 2030 (2007)............................................................................. 13 2.3.2. National Land Policy .......................................................................................... 13 2.3.3. National Spatial Plan (NSP) ............................................................................... 13 2.3.4. Spatial Planning Guidelines ............................................................................... 13 2.4. International Treaties ............................................................................................ 14 Part II ......................................................................................................... 15 Situational Analysis ..................................................................................................15 Chapter 3 .................................................................................................................17 Introduction to Situational Analysis .........................................................................17 3.1. Overview ................................................................................................................ 18 3.2. Rationale for Situational Analysis ........................................................................ 18 Chapter 4 .................................................................................................................23 Physiographic Analysis .............................................................................................23 4.1. Topographic Characteristics ................................................................................. 24 4.2. Hydrology ............................................................................................................... 24 4.3. Climatic Conditions ............................................................................................... 24 4.4. Soils and Geology .................................................................................................. 28 4.4.1. Soils ..................................................................................................................... 28 4.4.2. Geology ............................................................................................................... 30 4.5. Agro-Ecological Zones ........................................................................................... 30 4.6. Land Cover ............................................................................................................. 30 Chapter 5 .................................................................................................................37 Population And Demography....................................................................................37 5.1. Overview ................................................................................................................ 38 5.2. Population Density and Distribution .................................................................... 38 5.2.1. Population S1tructure ........................................................................................ 40 xvi KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xvi 2017 - 2027 5.2.2. Population Projection ........................................................................................ 40 5.3. Household Characteristics .................................................................................... 41 Chapter 6 .................................................................................................................45 Land, Human Settlements and Urbanization ............................................................45 6.1. Overview ................................................................................................................ 46 6.2. History of Land and Settlements .......................................................................... 46 6.3. Land Tenure System and Ownership .................................................................... 46 6.4. Land Values ............................................................................................................ 48 6.5. Land Management ................................................................................................. 48 6.6. Land Use ................................................................................................................ 48 6.6.1. Urban Land Use .................................................................................................. 48 6.6.2. Rural Land Use .................................................................................................... 49 6.6.3. Land Use Trends ................................................................................................. 50 6.7. Land Registration Status ....................................................................................... 52 6.8. Human Settlement ................................................................................................ 54 6.8.1. Urban Development ........................................................................................... 54 6.8.2. Planning for Settlements: Hierarchy ................................................................. 61 Chapter 7 .................................................................................................................65 Economic Analysis ....................................................................................................65 7.1. Overview ................................................................................................................ 66 7.2. Agriculture ............................................................................................................. 66 7.3. Trade, Commerce and Financial Services ............................................................ 69 7.4. Tourism .................................................................................................................. 72 7.5. Regional Economic Development ........................................................................ 74 Chapter 8 .................................................................................................................77 Transport and Infrastructure ....................................................................................77 8.1. Overview ................................................................................................................ 78 8.2. Road Transport ...................................................................................................... 78 8.2.1. Road Networks and Linkages............................................................................. 78 8.2.2. Terminal Facilities and Capacity Demand ......................................................... 82 8.2.3. Modal Split and Traffic Assessment ................................................................... 83 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xvii 2017 - 2027 8.2.4. Non-motorized Transport .................................................................................. 84 8.2.5. Local Circulation Model for Kericho Municipality ............................................. 86 8.3. Rail Transport ........................................................................................................ 86 8.4. Air Transport .......................................................................................................... 88 8.5. Pipeline Transit ...................................................................................................... 90 8.6. ICT and Telecommunications ............................................................................... 90 Chapter 9 .................................................................................................................93 Water and Sewerage Services ...................................................................................93 9.1. Overview ................................................................................................................ 94 9.2. Water Sources ........................................................................................................ 94 9.3. Water Supply .......................................................................................................... 95 9.3.1. Existing Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 95 9.3.2. Water Demand Analysis ..................................................................................... 98 9.4. Wastewater Management ................................................................................... 102 Chapter 10.............................................................................................................. 105 Social Services and Amenities ................................................................................ 105 10.1. Overview ............................................................................................................ 106 10.2. Health ................................................................................................................. 106 10.2.1. Primary Hospitals (Level IV) ........................................................................... 107 10.2.2. Health Centres (Level III) ................................................................................ 110 10.3.3. Dispensaries (Level II) ..................................................................................... 113 10.3. Education ........................................................................................................... 117 10.3.1. Early Childhood Development Education Centres ....................................... 117 10.3.2. Primary Schools ............................................................................................. 120 10.3.3. Secondary Schools ......................................................................................... 123 10.3.4. Tertiary institutions and Special Needs Schools .......................................... 126 10.4. Governance, Administration and Security ....................................................... 128 10.4.1. National Government Administrative units .................................................. 128 10.4.2. County Administrative units .......................................................................... 130 10.4.3. Justice and Law Enforcement ........................................................................ 132 10.5. Culture, Sports and Recreation......................................................................... 134 xviii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xviii 2017 - 2027 Chapter 11.............................................................................................................. 137 Environment and Natural Resources ...................................................................... 137 11.1. Environment ...................................................................................................... 138 11.1.1. Natural Environment ...................................................................................... 138 11.1.2. Solid Waste management .............................................................................. 139 Part III .......................................................................................................143 Synthesis ............................................................................................................... 143 Chapter 12.............................................................................................................. 145 Synthesis of Problems and Development Opportunities ......................................... 145 12.3. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 146 12.3. Planning Zones: Resource Potential Zones ...................................................... 146 12.2.1. Agricultural Potential Zones .......................................................................... 146 12.2.2. Environmental Conservation Areas ............................................................... 149 12.2.3. Urban Growth Areas ....................................................................................... 152 12.2.4. Manufacturing, Processing and Other Industrial Zones ............................... 154 12.3. Framing Sectoral Needs and Interpretation ..................................................... 156 12.4. Land Suitability Assessment for Agriculture .................................................... 156 12.5. Human Settlements Assessment ...................................................................... 157 12.6. Economic Development Assessments .............................................................. 160 12.7. Urbanization and Urban Land requirement Assessment ................................ 161 12.8. Assessment of Functionality of Rural Areas ..................................................... 162 12.9. Housing Demand Assessment .......................................................................... 162 12.10. Transport Demand Assessment ...................................................................... 164 12.11. Water Sector Assessment ................................................................................ 165 12.12. Environment Assessment ................................................................................ 167 12.13. Social Facilities Demand Assessment ............................................................ 168 12.14. Development Challenges and Prospects within Resource Potential Zones ....................................................................................... 170 Chapter 13.............................................................................................................. 175 The County Spatial Structure ................................................................................. 175 13.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 176 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xix 2017 - 2027 13.2. Man-made and Natural Impermeable Edges ................................................... 176 13.3. The Sondu River versus the Nyando River Belts .............................................. 178 13.3.1. The Nyando River Basin ................................................................................. 178 13.3.2. The Sondu River Basin ................................................................................... 178 13.4. The Rift-Valley/ Lake Victoria Interface ............................................................. 180 13.4.1. The Mau Escarpment Influence ..................................................................... 180 13.4.2. Lake Victoria Influence ......................................................................................... 13.5. Small versus Large Land Holdings .................................................................... 183 13.6. Transportation-Influenced Structure ............................................................... 184 Part IV .......................................................................................................187 The Plan ................................................................................................................. 187 Chapter ................................................................................................................... 14 Plan Proposals and Development Strategies .......................................................... 189 14.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 190 14.2. County Spatial Development Plan ................................................................... 190 14.3. Development Strategies .................................................................................... 193 14.3.1. Optimization of Land Utilization for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity ................................................................................................................ 193 14.3.2. Spur Economic Productivity at Household Level through Enhancing Market Systems to activate Economic Prosperity. ................................................... 203 14.3.3. Improving access to Quality Social Services ................................................. 209 14.3.4. Provision of Functional Physical Infrastructure and Systems ...................... 222 14.3.5. Proper Planning and Management of Human Settlements ......................... 231 14.3.6. Sustainable Utilization and Conservation of the Natural Environment ...... 236 Chapter 15.............................................................................................................. 243 Implementation Matrix and Capital Investment Plan ............................................. 243 15.1. Implementation Matrix ..................................................................................... 244 15.1.1. Agriculture ...................................................................................................... 244 15.1.2. Economy and markets ................................................................................... 250 15.1.3. Human Settlement ......................................................................................... 251 15.1.4. Physical Infrastructure ................................................................................... 252 xx KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xx 2017 - 2027 15.1.5. Water Supply ................................................................................................... 254 15.1.6. Social Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 255 15.1.7. Environment and Natural Resource .............................................................. 259 15.2. Capital Investment Plan .................................................................................... 260 15.2.1. Agriculture ...................................................................................................... 261 15.2.2. Economy ......................................................................................................... 263 15.2.3. Human Settlement ......................................................................................... 264 15.2.4. Transport, Infrastructure and Water .............................................................. 265 15.2.5. Social Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 266 15.2.6. Environment ................................................................................................... 267 15.3. Community Participation .................................................................................. 267 15.4. Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................... 268 15.4.1. Enforcement ................................................................................................... 268 15.4.2. Levies and development contributions ........................................................ 268 15.4.3. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ...................................................... 269 15.4.4. Social Impact Assessment (SIA) ..................................................................... 269 15.4.5. Digitized planning applications ..................................................................... 269 Bibliography........................................................................................................... 270 Annexes .................................................................................................................. 271 Annex A: Kericho County Population Per Ward ....................................................... 271 Annex B: Health Facilities Inventory Questionnaire ................................................ 272 Annex C: Household Questionnaire ........................................................................ 275 Annex D: Notice of Intention to Plan ....................................................................... 281 Annex E: Notice of Completion ............................................................................... 282 Annex F: Stakeholder Engagement Workshops/Meetings ........................................ 283 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xxi 2017 - 2027 List of Maps Map 1: Geographical Location of the County ...................................................................... 9 Map 2: Basemap .................................................................................................................. 20 Map 3: Topography of Kericho County .............................................................................. 25 Map 4: Hydrological Map of Kericho County ..................................................................... 26 Map 5: Rainfall Distribution in Kericho County ................................................................. 27 Map 6: Soil Types Distribution in Kericho County ............................................................. 29 Map 7: Geological Map of Kericho County ......................................................................... 32 Map 8: Agro-Ecological Zones in Kericho County ............................................................. 33 Map 9: Kericho County Land Cover ................................................................................... 34 Map 10: Kericho County Population Density .................................................................... 39 Map 11: Kericho County Gini Coefficient ........................................................................... 42 Map 12: Kericho County Land Use ..................................................................................... 51 Map 13: Land Registration/Settlement Map of Kericho County ....................................... 53 Map 14: Kericho County Service Centres ........................................................................... 60 Map 15: Hierarchy of Urban Settlements in Kericho County ............................................ 63 Map 16: Industries in Kericho County ................................................................................ 71 Map 17: Tourist attraction sites in Kericho County ........................................................... 73 Map 18: Regional Economic Blocs ..................................................................................... 75 Map 19: Road Network in Kericho County ......................................................................... 79 Map 20: Illustration of usage of modes of transit (GeoMaestro, 2017) ............................ 85 Map 21: Circulation for local town service traffic .............................................................. 86 Map 22: ICT and Pipeline Infrastructure ........................................................................... 91 Map 23: Existing Water Projects and Schemes in Kericho County ................................... 97 Map 24: Existing Sewer Coverage in Kericho County ...................................................... 103 Map 25: Candidate facilities for upgrading to Level IV (2017 – 2027) ............................. 109 Map 26: Candidate Level II facilities for upgrade to Level III (2017 – 2027) ................... 112 Map 27: Candidate Level II Facilities for operationalization ........................................... 116 Map 28: Distribution of ECDs in Kericho County ............................................................. 118 xxii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xxii 2017 - 2027 Map 29: Distribution of Primary Schools in Kericho County .......................................... 122 Map 30: Distribution and location-allocation for Secondary Schools ........................... 125 Map 31: Tertiary and special needs institutions ............................................................. 127 Map 32: National Administrative Units ............................................................................ 129 Map 33: County Administrative Units .............................................................................. 131 Map 34: Justice and Law enforcement Locations ........................................................... 133 Map 35: Sports and Cultural facilities .............................................................................. 135 Map 36: Environment resources ....................................................................................... 141 Map 37: Agricultural Potential Zones .............................................................................. 148 Map 38: Environment and Conservation ......................................................................... 151 Map 39: Potential Urban Growth Areas ........................................................................... 153 Map 40: Proposed Industrial Belts ................................................................................... 155 Map 41: Land Demand and Proposed Land Use Allocation for Kericho Town .............. 163 Map 42: Kericho County Structuring Elements ............................................................... 178 Map 43: Nyando and Sondu River Basins ......................................................................... 179 Map 44: Mean Annual Rainfall Distribution within the County ...................................... 181 Map 45: Land Forms (L) and Altitude Map (R) .................................................................. 182 Map 46: County Development Structure Plan ................................................................. 191 Map 47: Broad Agricultural Potential Zones ................................................................... 199 Map 48: Agricultural Enterprise Zones & Industries ........................................................ 201 Map 49: Economic Development Strategy ....................................................................... 207 Map 50: Education Development Strategy ...................................................................... 213 Map 51: Health Development Strategy ............................................................................ 215 Map 52: Administrative and Security Development Strategy ......................................... 217 Map 53: Community Empowerment Development Strategy .......................................... 219 Map 54: Transport and Infrastructure Development Strategy ........................................ 227 Map 55: Water Sector Development Strategy .................................................................. 229 Map 56: Human Settlement Strategy ............................................................................... 233 Map 57: Environmental Development Strategy ............................................................... 239 Map 58: Location of Venues for Stakeholder Engagement Workshops .......................... 284 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xxiii 2017 - 2027 List of Figures Figure 1: County Spatial Plan Preparation Process ............................................................. 7 Figure 2: Illustration of legal and policy framework for the CSP ...................................... 12 Figure 3: Annual Average Monthly Temperature. ............................................................... 24 Figure 4: Population pyramid ............................................................................................. 40 Figure 5: Land Tenure systems in the County .................................................................... 46 Figure 6: Possession of Land ownership documents ........................................................ 47 Figure 7: Land for urban housing belonging to NHC in Kipkelion town ........................... 54 Figure 8: Extensive Urban growth in Chepseon town ........................................................ 56 Figure 9: Urban Land Demand Scenario in Kericho Municipality ..................................... 57 Figure 10: Land size under Agriculture; Source: GeoMaestro 2017 ................................... 67 Figure 11: Type of farming .................................................................................................. 67 Figure 12: Agricultural activities ......................................................................................... 68 Figure 13: Distribution channels for agricultural produce ................................................ 68 Figure 14: Road Surface Condition in Kericho County ...................................................... 78 Figure 15: Bridge easing circulation due to connectivity .................................................. 81 Figure 16: Average Daily Regional Service PSV (GeoMaestro, 2017) ................................. 82 Figure 17: Average Daily Town Service (PSV) (GeoMaestro, 2017) .................................... 82 Figure 18: The Kericho Town Central Bus Terminus .......................................................... 83 Figure 19: Modal Usage within Kericho county (GeoMaestro, 2017) ................................ 83 Figure 20: Motorized and Non-Motorized Transit levels (GeoMaestro, 2017) ................... 84 Figure 21: Illustration of usage of Non-motorized modes of transit (GeoMaestro, 2017) 84 Figure 22: Potential Inter-Modal Interchange and Industrial zone in Kipkelion .............. 87 Figure 23: Spatial Analysis on Suitability of the Kerenga Aerodrome .............................. 88 xxiv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xxiv 2017 - 2027 Figure 24: Analysis of Economic Impulses enabled by Inter-Modal Transportation and Linkages ............................................................................................................................... 89 Figure 25: Water access proportions .................................................................................. 99 Figure 26: Axial Development Illustration ........................................................................ 152 Figure 27: Small landholders versus Large land holders around Brook area ................ 184 Figure 28: Transport-influenced development structure ................................................ 185 Figure 29: Belgut Stakeholder Workshops ....................................................................... 284 Figure 30: Kipkelion West Stakeholder Engagement Workshops ................................... 285 Figure 31: Kipkelion East Stakeholder Engagement Workshops .................................... 285 Figure 32: Kipkelion East Stakeholder Engagement Workshops .................................... 285 Figure 33: Soin/Sigowet Stakeholder Engagement Workshops...................................... 285 Figure 34: Ainamoi Stakeholder Engagement Workshops .............................................. 286 Figure 35: County Executive Committee Draft Plan Presentation .................................. 286 Figure 36: MCA Draft Plan Presentation ........................................................................... 287 Figure 37: Training on Application of GIS in Planning ..................................................... 287 Figure 38: Technical Consultation at ACK ........................................................................ 287 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xxv 2017 - 2027 List of Tables Table 1: Soil Types and Characteristics .............................................................................. 28 Table 2: Land cover classes ................................................................................................. 31 Table 3: County’s demographic statistics .......................................................................... 38 Table 4: Population Projection ........................................................................................... 40 Table 5: Common Urban Land Uses ................................................................................... 49 Table 6: Summary of Land Registration ............................................................................. 52 Table 7: Major Urban areas Land Demand projections ..................................................... 57 Table 8: History of Service Centres (GoK, 1973) ................................................................. 61 Table 9: Population Analysis for Kericho and Litein Urban areas ..................................... 61 Table 10: Current Service Centres (GeoMaestro, 2017) ..................................................... 62 Table 11: Financial institutions........................................................................................... 69 Table 12: Tourist sites Assessment ..................................................................................... 72 Table 13: Road Networks, Surface type and Condition ..................................................... 80 Table 14: Ground water sources assessment ..................................................................... 95 Table 15: TILWASCO Water Supply Schemes ...................................................................... 96 Table 16: Water Schemes within TILWASCO ....................................................................... 98 Table 17: Reach-out level of Water Supply in the county, 2018 ........................................ 99 Table 18: Existing water schemes, reticulation and capacities, 2017 ............................... 99 Table 19: 2027 Water Demand and Deficit (Standard of 200 litres/household/day) ...... 100 Table 20: Rates adopted for estimating water demand (Source: GoK (2005)). .............. 100 Table 21: County Water Demand ...................................................................................... 101 Table 22: Summary of Health facility operational standards (MoH, 2013) ..................... 107 Table 23: Gap analysis (2017-2027) for Primary hospitals .............................................. 108 Table 24: Candidate Level II and Level III facilities for upgrade to Level IV .................... 108 Table 25: Population Projection and gap analysis for health centres (2017-2027) ........ 110 Table 26: Gap Analysis (2017-2027) for health centres .................................................... 111 xxvi KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xxvi 2017 - 2027 Table 27: Candidate Level II facilities for Upgrade to Level III (2017-2027) .................... 113 Table 28: Population and Gap analysis (2017-2027) for dispensaries ............................ 113 Table 29: Gap Analysis (2017-2027) for Dispensaries ...................................................... 115 Table 30: Priority facilities for operationalization (2017-2027) ....................................... 115 Table 31: Education Facilities Planning Standards; Physical Planning Handbook 20071 17 Table 32: Gap analysis for ECDs at ward level .................................................................. 119 Table 33: Gap analysis for primary schools (2017 – 2027) ............................................... 120 Table 34: Gap analysis secondary schools at ward level ................................................. 123 Table 35: List of Location of new secondary schools ...................................................... 124 Table 36: Special and Integrated Schools ........................................................................ 126 Table 37: Administrative units from National Government Perspective ........................ 128 Table 38: County Administrative Units ............................................................................. 130 Table 39: Assessment of recreation and sports facilities in the county. ......................... 134 Table 40: Waste Generation in Kericho and Litein Towns ............................................... 139 Table 41: County Coffee Statistics adopted from the Department of Agriculture ......... 147 Table 42: Crop Production in 2016 in Kericho County ..................................................... 149 Table 43: Suitability assessment for various crops and livestock in the County ........... 157 Table 44: Current Service Centres; Source: GeoMaestro 2017 ........................................ 158 Table 45: Projected hierarchy of settlements, 2027 ........................................................ 159 Table 46: Urban Population Projections for Classification of Urban Areas in the County ... 160 Table 47: Urban Land Demand Assessment..................................................................... 162 Table 48: Existing Water Schemes Capacity ..................................................................... 166 Table 49: Percentage of possible sources mix to meet the demand ............................... 167 Table 50: Deficit areas for secondary schools .................................................................. 169 Table 51: Development Opportunities per zones ............................................................ 170 Table 52: Facts and Basis of Framing the Economic Strategy ......................................... 203 Table 53: Growth-share matrix ......................................................................................... 204 Table 54: Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements ................................................................. 232 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xxvii 2017 - 2027 Structure of the Report This report consists of fifteen chapters structured in four parts. a) Part I. Introduction & Overview: This part has been broken into two chapters. Chapter 1 provides project area description, project deliverables, the scope of works, vision statement and objectives. Chapter 2 summarizes the legal and policy framework guiding the preparation of a County spatial plan. b) Part II. Situational Analysis: This part entails chapters that summarize the situational analysis of the County. It is an appraisal based on thorough and structured collection, compilation, description, analysis, and interpretation of both spatial and non-spatial data on the prevailing situation. The chapters outline the base map, physiography, population and demography; land, human settlement and urbanization, transport and infrastructure, social infrastructure and services; environment and natural resources and; development interventions. An analysis of these information is also provided c) Part III. Synthesis: The chapters in this part provide Synthesis of problems and Development opportunities; and outlines the existing and proposed spatial Structure that informs rational formulation of the county development structure plan. d) Part IV. The Plan: The chapters in this part documents the county development structure plan, plan proposals, development strategies, policies, pillar programs and projects that will be implemented to actualize the vision of the plan by the year 2027. It also provides an implementation matrix and capital investment plan to aid in identifying relevant actors, funding strategy, monitoring and evaluation strategies. xxviii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN xxviii 2017 - 2027 Part I Introduction & Overview KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part i 1 2017 - 2027 2 Part i KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 2 2017 - 2027 Chapter 1 Introduction This part outlines the technical and spatial scope of the plan, problem statement and justification of the spatial plan, adopted planning processes and organization of the plan. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part i 3 2017 - 2027 1.1. Overview The constitution of Kenya (2010) has assigned planning functions to two levels of Government. The National Government is responsible for formulation of general principles of land use planning, providing technical support to the county governments and exercising oversight on preparation of land use plans. The County Government is responsible for County Spatial Planning, preparation of County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) and Local Physical Development Plan. Kericho County has no existing County Spatial Plan, therefore, there is to need to prepare one in accordance with the law. Pursuant to this role, the County Government Act of (2012) obligates each County to prepare a ten-year GIS-based County Spatial Plan (CSP) with respect to the entire area of jurisdiction. The plan is a broad framework for organizing and distributing population, activities and resources in the county to achieve National and County development objectives. The County Spatial Development Plan interprets the National Level plans in terms relevant to the county and guides preparation of lower level plans such as local physical development plans. In light of this and the need for diagnosing the main planning issues, the County Government of Kericho embarked on a task of preparing a CSP to guide county development for a period of 10 years as provided in the County Government Act of (2012). 1.2. Purpose of the County Spatial Plan Kericho County Spatial Plan (CSP) has been prepared to provide a broad framework for organizing and distributing population and activities in the County for the achievement of both National and County development objectives. The plan will also serve the purpose of enabling the county government to strengthen the coordination of sectorial projects and programs and to mitigate duplication of efforts and the wastage of scarce resources. The CSP interprets the national level plans and proposes development projects and programmes which will further form a basis for sectorial plan formulation. 1.3. Problem Statement and Justification Kericho County is renowned worldwide as the home of Kenya’s best tea and a home of Mau Forest Complex, the largest closed canopy ecosystem. The Mau forest complex provides a lush green environment enhanced by stunning scenery provided by the tea plantations. All these are naturally favoured by incredibly rich agro-climatic conditions. The county’s location relative to the lake, Mt. Kenya & Aberdares and North Rift Regional Economic Blocs provide a strategic trading and economic focal point enhanced by road and rail networks. This is complemented by the locals who are known for their agility, athletic prowess and rich culture. In spite of the natural resources, agricultural and trade potentials, the county faces a number of development challenges. These include environmental degradation through destruction of natural vegetation cover at water sources and riparian corridors, lack of land use planning culture, inadequate health, education and recreational services and 4 Part i KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 4 2017 - 2027 low levels of access to clean water. Additionally, there is lack of equitable development and poor road network across the county sphere. Finally, agricultural productivity is low with optimum returns to farmers compounded by poor value addition options and poor marketing systems. This calls for a County Spatial Development Plan aimed at addressing the challenges through the following: i) Assess available resources, their level of utilization and potential ii) Evaluate infrastructure, services levels and distribution networks and enable the County Government prioritize investments in infrastructure development; iii) Set out basic guidelines for a land use management system in the county considering guidelines, regulations or laws as provided for under Article 67(2) (h) of the Constitution; iv) Set out a capital investment framework for the county’s development programs; 1.4. Vision Statement and Objectives The County vision is anchored on the following pillars: i) Improved livelihoods ii) Security and sustainability iii) Improved access to water, health services and sanitation By focusing on these areas, the plan outlines various strategies to achieve sustainable prosperity for the people of Kericho County in a manner that is aligned to their unique identity and aspirations for “A sustainable Agro-industrialized county fostering equitable socio-economic growth and environmental values”. 1.4.1. Objectives The objectives of Kericho County Spatial Plan are drawn from Section 103 of County Government Act of 2012. They are as follows: a) ensure harmony between national, county and sub-county spatial planning requirements b) facilitate the development of a well-balanced system of settlements and ensure productive use of scarce land, water and other resources for economic, social, ecological and other functions across a county c) maintain a viable system of green and open spaces for a functioning eco-system d) harmonize the development of county communication system, infrastructure and related services KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part i 5 2017 - 2027 e) develop urban and rural areas as integrated areas of economic and social activity f) provide the pre-conditions for integrating under-developed and marginalized areas to bring them to the level generally enjoyed by the rest of the county g) protect the historical and cultural heritage, artefacts and sites within the county h) make reservations for public security and other critical national infrastructure and other utilities and services i) work towards the achievement and maintenance of a tree cover of at least ten per cent of the land area of Kenya as provided in Article 69 of the Constitution 1.4.2. County Development Principles The plan is anchored on the following principles: • Economic, environmental and social sustainability • Inclusiveness and participation • Integrated development • Equity • Wealth creation • Infrastructure development • Competitiveness 1.5. The Planning Process Preparation of the Kericho CSP was addressed in three broad stages based on the classical planning approach, namely: a) Survey and Mapping: - this entails qualitative, quantitative and spatial data collection. b) Data Processing and Analysis: - this involves interpretation of collected data including projections, identifying service demands, development trends and integrating spatial and non-spatial datasets. c) Planning: - This is decision making based on the available analysed data, development models, existing development plans and observations by the stakeholders. This approach had a strong component of stakeholder participation at all the key stages including: i) Mobilization, sensitization and problem identification; 6 Part i KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 6 2017 - 2027 ii) Visioning and scenario setting; and iii) Planning and validation. Our planning approach captured three broad areas and included specific tasks that led to the County Spatial Plan as summarized in Figure 1 below. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part i 7 2017 - 2027 Figure 1: County Spatial Plan Preparation Process 1.6. The Geographical Context Kericho County is located in the Western highlands of the Great Rift Valley in Kenya, which lies in South Western part of Kenya between latitudes 000 01’ 30’’ N and 000 40’ 55’’ S and and between longitudes 350 00’ 27’’ E and 350 39’ 39’’ E. The County covers an area of approximately 2,569 km2 . It borders Nandi, Uasin Gishu and Baringo counties to the North, Nakuru County to the East, Bomet and Nyamira counties to the South and Kisumu County to the West. Administratively Kericho County is comprised of six Sub-Counties namely: Bureti, Belgut, Ainamoi, Kipkelion East, Kipkelion West and Sigowet/Soin and further divided into thirty wards as shown in Map 1. 8 Part i KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 8 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part i 9 2017 - 2027 Map 1: Geographical Location of the County 10 Part i KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 10 2017 - 2027 Chapter 2 Legal and Policy Framework This chapter gives an account of the legal and policy framework that was used to guide the plan preparation process. The section also elaborates on the actors who will play a role in the plan implementation, monitoring and review. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part i 11 2017 - 2027 2.1. Legal and Policy Framework Figure 2: Illustration of legal and policy framework for the CSP 2.2. Legal Framework Kericho County Spatial Plan preparation process was guided by various legislations and internal treaties constituting the legal framework. 2.2.1. The Constitution of Kenya (2010) The Constitution of Kenya is the supreme law and in Article 66(1), it identifies planning as a main tool of regulating land use. Furthermore, section 67(2)(h) gives National Land Commission (NLC) oversight role in monitoring planning. Reference is also made on Article 185(4) which gives the County Assembly the mandate to receive and approve plans. The constitutional principles of equity and sustainable utilization of resources were embedded in the plan by ensuring that selected projects are spread all over the County. During the planning process the constitutional spirit of public participation was promoted as the planning team consulted stakeholders at sub-county and county level. 2.2.2. Acts of Parliament County Government Act, (2012), establishes and outlines the functions of devolved units. The planning Terms of References were affirmed in Section 103 which spells out the objectives and content of County Spatial Plans. Other sections are 87, 102, 104 and 110 elaborating on participation principles, planning principles, obligation of county to plan and content of County Spatial Plans respectively. 12 Part i KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 12 2017 - 2027 Physical Planning Act, (1996), outlines the planning process and stakeholder engagement process. Other important legislations include Land Act, (No. 6 of 2012), Land Registration Act (No. 3 of 2012), Environment Management and Co-Ordination Act (EMCA), (1999), Water Act, (2002) and Agriculture Act, Cap 318 among others. 2.3. Policy Framework While preparing Kericho County Spatial, national policy frameworks were reviewed to ensure conformity of the plan proposals with National development agenda. 2.3.1. The Kenya Vision 2030 (2007) This is a national long-term development policy document whose vision is to move Kenya into a newly industrialized, middle income country providing a high quality of life to all its citizens in a clean and secure environment by the year 2030. The Vision is anchored on three key pillars: economic, social, and political governance. The economic pillar aims to achieve an economic growth rate of 10 per cent per annum and sustaining the same till 2030 in order to generate more resources to address the MDGs. The vision has identified a number of flagship projects in every sector to be implemented over the vision period. These policy guidelines direct that agro-processing be promoted for purpose of value addition. 2.3.2. National Land Policy The National Land Policy has the vision to guide the country towards an efficient, sustainable and equitable use of land for prosperity and posterity of the nation. To conform to the spirit of integrated plans, all technical staff members at the county were involved in the visioning and project identification phase. 2.3.3. National Spatial Plan (NSP) The guiding principles of NSP are sustainability and equity. The plan has adopted the same principles and proposes sustainable natural resource utilization and promotes equitable development through regional balance by distributing development projects based on inherent resources. 2.3.4. Spatial Planning Guidelines The two documents prepared by National Land Commission (NLC) and Council of Governors (COG) were used as procedural guide during the planning process. They provide a step by step process for preparation of the County Spatial Plan and the content to be covered. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part i 13 2017 - 2027 2.4. International Treaties Through the planning process, a number of projects were identified to attain Sustainable Development Goals. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The SDGs include six goals with a significant land component mentioned in the targets. To achieve the objectives of Agenda 21 considerations were made to ensure that all proposals made were to promote sustainable land-use planning and management, integrated provision of environmental infrastructure (water, sanitation, drainage and solid-waste management) and sustainable energy and transport systems in human settlements. 14 Part i KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 14 2017 - 2027 Part II SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 15 2017 - 2027 16 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 16 2017 - 2027 Chapter 3 Introduction to Situational Analysis This chapter presents a summary of the Situational Analysis of the County. It is the foundation upon which planning work has been based. It presents the characteristics of the county by illustrating spatial, physical environment, population and demographic and the human geographical attributes of development. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 17 2017 - 2027 3.1. Overview Kericho county is located in the Western highlands of the Great Rift Valley in Kenya. It lies in South Western part of Kenya covering an area of approximately 2,569 km2 . It borders Nandi, Uasin Ngishu and Baringo counties to the north, Nakuru county to the east, Bomet and Nyamira counties to the south, and Kisumu and Homa Bay counties to the west. According to the 2009 Population and Housing Census, the county’s population stood at 739,429 with a population density of 295 persons/km2 . The labour force stood at 392,733 which is 53% of the total county’s population. Current population projection places the total county population size at 910,676 people which is almost a 20% increase from the 2009 figures. The 2009 census data shows that the urban population of Kericho county stood at about 285,789 persons, constituting 38% of the total population (KNBS, 2009). The major source of income for the people of Kericho county comprises of proceeds from farm produce such as tea, pineapples, coffee, sugarcane, potatoes, maize, horticultural crops and livestock. Employment by multinational companies such as tea farms and factories is another key source of income. Urban areas also provide employment opportunities in the off-farm economic activities. From analysis, the various sectors reveal both potential and constraints which the plan aims to address. The main issues that emerged include: poor state of physical infrastructure, increasing levels of poverty, urban sprawl and unsustainable use and subdivision of land, among others. A number of development initiatives have been put in place by the national and county governments with support from development partners to alleviate these problems. The developments cut across the various sectors and thematic areas, including environment, natural resources and conservation, agriculture, economy, social amenities and services, transport and infrastructure, urbanization and settlements. Development initiatives are handled through direct and indirect cooperation. For instance, the national government, through the Kenya National Highways Authority is constructing major link roads, the county government is engaged in improving and upgrading rural link roads while the multinational corporations in the tea sector engage in constructing access roads to the tea plantations hence contributing towards the same goal of enhancing access and movement of goods and people in the county. 3.2. Rationale for Situational Analysis The preparation of the Kericho County Spatial Plan adopted an in-depth analysis of aspects of physical and human environment. Situational analysis is an appraisal of the county based on thorough and structured collection, compilation, description, analysis, and interpretation of data on the prevailing situation. The analysis has been staged into inventory of thematic structural planning elements and spatial analysis (NLC, 2017). This was meant to supply the information that will enable preparation of a comprehensive Spatial Development Plan for the county. An inventory of spatial planning elements was done through both primary and secondary information. Data was acquired through review of reports from county departments and county-level national agencies, stakeholder engagements, field surveys and investigations, existing policies, development programs and emerging issues. The 18 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 18 2017 - 2027 various thematic areas were clustered and information acquired to profile the status of the county. To complete the situational analysis, a more in-depth spatial and suitability analysis of prevailing conditions was conducted. This assessment applied location-based technologies to evaluate suitability of land to support a given type of use. The process of land suitability entails evaluation and grouping of specific areas through a multi-criterion approach. Climatic, soil, topographic, catchment population, facility development standards and accessibility were some of the factors used among others. The objective of land use assessment is the prediction of the inherent capacity of land units to support specific land use for a considerable time without deterioration in order to minimize the socio-economic and environmental costs (Praktash, 2003). In the recent past, the population in the country and the region has been growing. Food demand has subsequently increased and the farming community has to produce more in order to meet the demand. Under the current conditions -with limited factors of production especially land - there is pressure to produce enough food for the population. To understand this, the situation analysis documents spatial assessment for crop suitability, animal production, rural and urban land uses, transportation, market access and regional economy, social service delivery and conservation among others. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 19 2017 - 2027 20 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 20 2017 - 2027 Map 2: Base Map KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 21 2017 - 2027 22 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 22 2017 - 2027 Chapter 4 Physiographic Analysis This chapter presents background information on the processes, characteristics and patterns in the natural environment of the county and the emerging issues. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 23 2017 - 2027 4.1. Topographic Characteristics Kericho county features forests, rivers, lowland areas and an undulating hilly terrain. Its terrain generally slopes westwards towards Lake Victoria forming a hilly shelf between the Mau Escarpment and the lowlands of Lake Victoria region as shown in Map 3. Surrounding the county are Tinderet Hills to the North and Mau Escarpment to the East and in between the gently rolling land which forms Londiani Hills. To the northwest, are the hilly areas of Kipkelion rolling towards Koru. The central part of the county rises eastward towards the 3,000m high Mau ridge. The Kericho plateau forms the central part of the county sloping gently from 2,500m to 1,800m above the sea level. The county is situated at the western escarpments of the Great Rift-Valley within the Eastern end of Lake Victoria basin. Its terrain depicts depressions to mountainous ranges, V-U shaped river valleys, flat flood plains and plateaus. Mountains are characterized by steep slopes of predominantly over 30% slope while hills and minor scarps have slopes ranging from 16% to 30%. Plateaus, flood plains and others have slopes of less than 16%. Wetlands exists where rivers meet lowlands and are inhabited by reeds and bamboo plantations. 4.2. Hydrology The undulating topography and slopes define two drainage basins: Nyando and Sondu river basins. The South Western Mau, Western Mau, Londiani and Tinderet Forest give rise to major rivers in county which include: Chemosit, Itare, Kipsonoi, Timbilil, Nyando and Kipchorian which drains to Lake Victoria through two major river basins. Map 4 shows the hydrological aspects of the county. 4.3. Climatic Conditions Kericho county receives an annual rainfall average ranging between 1000mm - 2200 mm. It has two rain seasons annually: a long rain season from April to June and a short rain season from October to December. The variations in rainfall are mainly determined by the altitude. Rainfall is relatively well distributed throughout the year except for the short dry season in January and February. High rainfall is experienced in tea growing and forested areas which fall within Ainamoi, Belgut and Bureti sub-counties. Soin and its environs is relatively drier due to being on the shadow of the Kericho highlands with annual average rainfall below 1200 mm as shown in Map 5. The county experiences moderate average temperatures of 170C and low evapotranspiration rates. The temperature ranges between 1000C on the minimum and 240C on the maximum as indicated in Figure 3. Figure 3: Annual Average Monthly Temperature. 24 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 24 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 25 2017 - 2027 Map 3: Topography of Kericho County 26 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 26 2017 - 2027 Map 4: Hydrological Map of Kericho County KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 27 2017 - 2027 Map 5: Rainfall Distribution in Kericho County Humidity is dependent on precipitation, temperature and cloud cover ranges from 1012mb to 1017mb. High humidity occurs from mid-April to mid-September, coinciding with the high rainfall period. The average wind speed of 16km/hour is experienced throughout the year. The county experiences an easterly aspect since it is located near the equator and receives sunlight for 11 to 12 hours per day throughout the year. 4.4. Soils and Geology 4.4.1. Soils The County lies in the Lake Victoria Basin. Its geology is characterized by faulting and volcanic activities which influences the soil pH that ranges from 4.5 to 7.5. These soils are fertile and support a range of crops that put the county among the top agricultural counties in the country. Kericho is endowed with well-drained soils along the tea growing zones characterized by deep soils with varied soil texture as described in Table 1 and Map 6. Table 1: Soil Types and Characteristics Soil Type Soil Characteristic Area Located Andosols Black moderately deep to deep (>50 – 150cm) soils of Parts of Kedowa, Londiani. volcanic landscapes. Are slow-drained and very deep clayey soils with pH of 5.3 to 6.1 Cambisols Brownish shallow (25 – 50 cm) soils. Ranges from Parts of Kipkelion east & west and well to extremely slow-drained clayey soils with pH Sigowet/Soin sub-counties areas of of about 5 – 6. Gilimori, Kenegut, Iraa. Ferrasols Red to yellow deep (100 – 150cm) tropical soils. Well- Not dominant in the county and traces drained loam soils with pH of about 5.2. are found far west of Kibugat. Fluvisols Associated with alluvial deposits with clay texture. Found in Sigowet/Soin areas of Thes- Are slow-drained with pH of about 7 – 7.5. They are salia. good for planting food crops like sweet potatoes but more suitable as grazing fields. Gleysols Wetland soils that are extremely slow-drained clay Found in parts of Sigowet/Soin soils. Are reddish/yellowish moderately deep (50- sub-county areas of Soin. 100cm) soils with pH of about 5.8-6. Luvisols Found on flat to gentle sloping terrains. Deep (100 Parts of Sigowet/Soin and Kipkelion – 150cm) clay soils that are slow drained with pH of West Sub-Counties areas of Kapsorok, about 6.5 – 7. Cherara, Kajeliba, Mtaragon. Nitisols These are red tropical deep to very deep (100 – Most dominant soils in the County 150cm) loam soils. Well-drained soils with pH of covering the whole of Bureti and Belgut about 4.5 to 5. Have high fertility and are suitable for Sub-Counties. Parts of Kipkelion East a variety of crops. around Kalyet and Lemotit. Phaezoems These dark red moderately deep (50 – 100cm), clay Parts of Kipkelion West Sub-County soils that are moderately to slowly drained with pH areas of Kipkelion, Maili-Nne. of about 5.3. Fertile soils suitable for cereals, vegeta- bles and fodder. Planosols Light-coloured deep (100cm) clay soils. Are well to Kipkelion east areas of Kamwingi and slow-drained with pH of about 6 – 6.5. Have low fer- Kapcheplanga. tility and are suitable for fodder crops and cereals. Vertisols Heavy clay soils that are deep to very deep (100- They are not dominant in the County 150cm). They are extremely slow-drained soils with with traces only found around Thessalia. pH about 6.5 – 7. Are fertile soils but with difficult tillage due to heavy clay texture. 28 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 28 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 29 2017 - 2027 Map 6: Soil Types Distribution in Kericho County 4.4.2. Geology The Kericho plateau forms the central part of the county sloping gently from 2500m to about 1800m. The county has a solid geology consisting of tertiary lavas extruded in a westerly and south-westerly direction from the Rift Valley faults in early Miocene times. They are noted for the number and thickness of their beds, their freedom from inter-bedded pyroclastic material and their low angle of dip (Ekirapa A.E., 1996). These phonolite lavas are remarkably uniform in composition and are reported to be free from fissures due to the lack of subsequent tilting. They weather into deep stone-free soils, heavily leached and uniform in physical structure to a depth of 6m. It is predominantly underlain by tertiary lavas and intermediate igneous rocks. A small part of the county is dominated by undifferentiated basement system rock, volcanic ash mixture and other prolific rocks. The hilly nature in some parts of the county predispose such places to soil erosion but minimized by the presence of a dense vegetation cover, except in areas like Sigowet, Chilchila, Kunyak and Koitaburot where vegetation cover has been largely cleared. Map 7 shows various geological formations in the county. 4.5. Agro-Ecological Zones The county is broadly divided into four major agro-ecological zones. These are Forests & slightly drier zones, tea zone with high rainfall, Maize zone in the lower highlands and Coffee zone to the west of the county. Detailed agro-ecological zones are as shown in Map 8. 4.6. Land Cover Land cover is the physical material covering the earth’s surface. Analysis was done to determine land cover class extents using high resolution satellite image and field validation methods. The land cover maps provided information for clear understanding of the prevailing landscape and how best to incorporate development strategies in these areas. Land cover classes are as provided in Table 2 and Map 9. 30 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 30 2017 - 2027 Table 2: Land cover classes Land Cover Brief Description Area in Percentage Hectares Artificial Road surfaces, air strips and rail line. 2,861.30 1.11% Surface Predominantly under urban use, residential, education 6,016.24 2.34% Built-up areas facilities, factories, commercial, industrial, institutional, green houses etc. Tea Plantation Tea is the dominant cash crop planted in large scale farms. 10,070.46 3.92% Shrubs These are scattered, short tree bushes in lowly inhabited 3,634.22 1.41%Western parts of the county Sugarcane One of the main cash crops grown in extensive farms on the 4,500.45 1.75% Plantations north western parts of the county Coffee These are areas predominantly covered by coffee bushes 234.00 0.09% Plantation e.g. Norman Brookes’ farm in north western part Predominantly maize 41,348.83 16.10% Predominantly maize 12,897.91 5.02% and coffee Predominantly tea 46,176.50 17.97% Predominantly tea and Agriculture is the main activity in 16,693.35 6.50% maize the county and therefore majority of the county is covered by mixed Mixed Predominantly maize agricultural farms owned by the 9,042.45 3.52% Agriculture and potatoes small and medium scale farmers. cover Predominantly maize A variety of crops are grown on 29,946.10 11.66% and sugarcane these farms. This land cover class has been further classified based Predominantly on predominant crops. 2,994.03 1.17% pineapples Predominantly 2,135.44 0.83% sugarcane Predominantly sweet 2,135.44 0.83% potatoes These are forested (natural and planted) and conservation 60347.09 23.5% areas which include Western-Mau, Londiani and Tindiret. Tree Cover Tree cover within the farm lands are considered part of Mixed agriculture and/or riparian reserve conservation. Water, wetlands These are the major water bodies such as rivers and dams. 5,866.19 2.28% and Riparian Swamps and marshy areas of the county fall under this vegetation cover. It also includes vegetation along the riparian areas. Total 256,900.00 100.00% KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 31 2017 - 2027 32 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 32 2017 - 2027 Map 7: Geological Map of Kericho County KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 33 2017 - 2027 Map 8 : Agro-Ecological Zones in Kericho County 34 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 34 2017 - 2027 Map 9: Kericho County Land Cover KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 35 2017 - 2027 36 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 36 2017 - 2027 Chapter 5 Population And Demography KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 37 2017 - 2027 5.1. Overview According to the 2009 Population and Housing Census, Kericho county had a total population of 739,429 persons with 371,033 males and 368,396 females as seen in Table 3. The county’s population accounts for 2.1% of the total population of Kenya occupying 0.42% of Kenya’s physical space. The projected population in 2017 was 910,676 persons. The county has a rich child population (below 14 years of age) which takes up 44% of the entire population. The major urban areas are Kericho town, Kipkelion, Londiani and Litein with approximately 10% of the population concentrated in these four towns.The county has a population density of 302 persons/km2 which is 4.5 times higher than the country’s average of 71 persons/km2 . Kericho county is an agriculturally based economy cutting across all the geographic spheres of the county. This has led to an even population distribution. Nevertheless, tea growing areas are more populated than any other area. Table 3: County’s demographic statistics Item description Fact and figures Population (2009 census) 739,429 Male to Female ratio 1.00833 Population growth rate 2.4% Population Density 302 persons/ km2 Predominant Household Size 4-6 members Life expectancy 56.5 years Gini Coefficient 0.378 5.2. Population Density and Distribution Kericho town is the headquarters of the county and the largest urban area, therefore has the highest population concentration among the other major urban centres in the county while Kipkelion town has the least population concentration. Due to the presence of Kericho town, Ainamoi sub-county has the highest population density of 576 persons per square kilometre as per the 2009 National Housing and Population Census. Bureti sub-county has the second highest population density within the county of 516 persons per square kilometre. Kipkelion East constituency has the least population density of 144 persons per square kilometre which is majorly attributed to the presence of forest covers of South-western Mau and Londiani. Generally, the south-eastern part of the county has a higher population density compared to the northern part of the county. Map 10 shows population density across the wards. 38 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 38 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 39 2017 - 2027 Map 10: Kericho County Population Density 5.2.1. Population Structure Kericho County comprise of a young population, where 0 to14 year-olds constitute 44% of the total population. This is due to high fertility rates among women with average household size of 4-6 members (KNBS, 2009). The County’s age structure is categorised into various age brackets shown in the Figure 4 below; Figure 4: Population pyramid 5.2.2. Population Projection It is projected that by the year 2027, the population density of Ainamoi will rise to 944 persons per square kilometres while Kipkelion East constituency population density will rise to 225 persons per square kilometres as depicted in Table 4. Table 4: Population Projection 2009 (Census) 2017 (Current) 2027 (Projection) Area Constituency (sq. Population Density Population Density Population Density km) Belgut 440 127,387 386 155,591 524 199,783 673 Sigowet/Soin 469 104,066 196 127,106 271 163,208 348 Kipkelion west 358 98,054 242 119,763 335 153,779 430 Kipkelion East 744 106,872 129 130,534 176 167,608 225 Ainamoi 240 138,143 576 176,264 735 226,328 944 Bureti 320 164,907 461 201,418 630 258,625 809 Total 2,569 739,429 287 910,676 354 1,169,331 455 Note: Growth rate of 2.4 per cent, base data KNBS,2009 Population Census. 40 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 40 2017 - 2027 5.3. Household Characteristics The county has a life expectancy of 56.5 years compared to a national life expectancy of 60 years. Its infant mortality rate is at 56 per 1,000 births while the national rate is at 54. Households have an average of 4-6 members. This is comparable to 7 persons average of rural households in Kenya. The total dependency ratio is estimated at 0.883 which is better than the national average for rural households at 1.007. Within the administrative divisions in the county, the Gini coefficient varies from 0.27 in Soin ward to 0.45 in Chepseon ward. Wealth distribution within Kericho county is illustrated by Gini coefficient in Map 11. Firewood and charcoal are the main sources of fuel. Lighting is mainly through electricity, solar and paraffin. Use of paraffin and solar is predominant in rural areas while electricity is popular in urban areas. Household water is sourced mainly from streams and rivers which accounts for 46.1% of water supply within the county and 14.9% of the water piped. Other water supply sources are such as boreholes etc. Out of this, about 60% is classified as unimproved water while 40% of the water sources are from improved sources. Most household dispose human waste through pit latrines. Sewer system exists within Kericho municipality connecting an estimated 5,000 households. (GeoMaestro, 2017) KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 41 2017 - 2027 42 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 42 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 43 2017 - 2027 44 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 44 2017 - 2027 Chapter 6 Land, Human Settlements and Urbanization KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 45 2017 - 2027 6.1. Overview Land is an important limited factor of production. Its management has been evolving since pre-colonial times. The county is largely privately owned through freehold or leasehold tenure systems. This limited resource is subjected to competing uses. One of the competing land uses is settlements. 6.2. History of Land and Settlements Land tenure and ownership in Kericho can be traced to pre-colonial era. The Kipsigis who are the majority indigenous inhabitants, migrated from Sudan following the River Nile and initially settled around Mount Elgon around 700BC (Kipkorir & Welbourne, 1973). They later spread and settled in parts of Rift valley around 1600AD (Chelimo & Chelelgo, 2016; Kipkorir & Welbourne, 1973). The Kipsigis and other migrant communities suffered enormous appropriation of land during the colonial era (Omwoyo, 2000). This culminated in the colonial resistance which was widespread throughout Kenya. The Kipsigis were semi-nomadic pastoralists just like the larger highland and plain Nilotes though they depended on crop production to a limited extent. As land was alienated for white settler farming activities, the indigenous communal land tenure systems were gradually changed to private tenure (Omwoyo, 2000). The privatization of land parcels has continued in Kericho with nearly all land being registered. 6.3. Land Tenure System and Ownership Land tenure refers to the manner in which individuals or groups of people enjoy rights of access to land including conditions under which such land is enjoyed. The land ownership in Kenya is categorized as private, public or communal. These categories of land are governed under two types of tenures i.e. freehold and leasehold. Freehold is the main tenure system in the county. Up to 96% of the households have land under freehold while 4% are leasehold and less than 1% occupied by squatters as shown in Figure 5. Leasehold tenure system is found in the urban centres and the multi-national tea estates. Figure 5: Land Tenure systems in the County 46 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 46 2017 - 2027 i) Freehold Tenure This tenure confers the greatest interest in land called absolute right of ownership or possession of land for an indefinite period of time, or in perpetuity. Freehold land is governed by the Land Registration Act 2012. The Act provides that the registration of a person as the proprietor of the land and vests in that person the absolute ownership of that land together with all rights, privileges relating thereto. All land within Kericho county by 1970 had been fully adjudicated which allowed for subdivision. ii) Leasehold Tenure Leasehold is an interest in land for a definite term of years and may be granted by a freeholder usually subject to the payment of a fee or rent and is subject also to certain conditions which must be observed relating to developments and usage. Leases are granted by the national government for public land, the county governments for communal land and by individuals or organizations owning freehold land. The maximum term of government leases granted in Kenya is 999 years for agricultural land and 99 years for urban plots. There are few cases of 33 years leases granted by government in respect of urban communal lands. The local authorities grant leases for 50 and 30 years as appropriate (GOK 1996). Most of the county land is registered with those possessing title deeds at 87% while those with agreements between buyer and seller at 6%. Further, residents with allotment letters account for 3% while those without any ownership document stand at 4%. Figure 6 shows the status of ownership, fragmentation and the extent of land registration in the county respectively. Figure 6: Possession of Land ownership documents KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 47 2017 - 2027 6.4. Land Values High population in urban areas and inheritance practices in rural areas has led to land fragmentation threatening sustainable land use. Land values are highest in the urban centres due to high demand of land, Kericho municipality leading followed closely by Litein and Sondu. High land demand in urban areas is attributed to perception of more socio-economic opportunities compared to rural areas. Rural land demand has gone up in the recent years as a result of rapid population increase that has resulted in increased land sub-division. Infrastructure development e.g. proposed SGR, roads and industrial developments e.g. in Kipsitet neighbourhood, has led to land speculation and consequently land ownership conflicts. Rampant land sub-division is adversely affecting agriculture as it is reducing land under agriculture into un-economical parcels. 6.5. Land Management The National Land Commission, in consultation and cooperation with the national and county governments, established the county land management board for purposes of managing private and public land. This entails subjecting the land to the land-use planning and survey requirements, process applications for allocation of land, change and extension of user, subdivision of public land and renewal of leases. 6.6. Land Use Land use analysis determines how people in the county utilize land for different purposes such as agricultural use, urban land use and conservation. Land use pattern in the county is greatly shaped by its physiographic characteristics, predominant agricultural activities, trunk infrastructure and the county’s historical background dating back to the colonial era. Map 12 shows Kericho County Land use. We categorized land use into urban and rural domans which are expounded below. 6.6.1. Urban Land Use Urban centres depict varied land uses due to diverse human activities that are concentrated within urban centres and high population density. The county entails various levels of urban centres the main ones being Kericho, Litein, Sondu, Londiani, Kabianga, Kipkelion, and Kapkatet. These urban centres depict various land uses including commercial, residential, industrial, educational, public purpose and recreational. Table 5 represents the most common land uses across the urban profile. Land uses in the urban areas directly serve the immediate urban populace i.e. the working population who require residential establishments near their work places. 48 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 48 2017 - 2027 Table 5: Common Urban Land Uses Land use Description Residential This land use is dominant in every urban centre. Most urban centres have designated land for residential development delineated in their respective development plans but due to lack of development control even undesignated land has been converted to residential use. Kericho town being the main urban centre has more land designated for residential use compared to other urban centres. Commercial Most centres within the county be it urban, market or even local are predominantly commercial hubs serving as retail and market centres. Within the established urban centres that have been planned like Kericho town, Litein and Sondu; the urban core is normally under commercial land use. Commercial activities influence the growth of towns like the case of Chepseon market centre where robust commercial activities have seen the town extent expand. Industrial Processing and manufacturing activities in the county dominate major urban centres with Kericho town leading in land allocated for this use. The county has seen the rise of industrial activities with Kipsitet centre already having established industries and projected to have more than 30 other companies that have acquired land there that will lead to the area being an industrial park. Tea processing industries are wide-spread in the tea growing areas of Belgut, Ainamoi and Bureti sub-counties. 6.6.2. Rural Land Use The dominant land use in the rural areas within the county is agricultural. However, in some parts, quarrying/dressing of building stones is carried out and hence supports the rural economy. The other dominant land use is conservation owing to the vast gazetted forests such as the Mau forests. i) Agriculture These are areas of predominant agriculture where people practice either large scale, medium scale or small-scale agriculture. Agriculture is the main economic activity in the county with most of the people practicing crop production and livestock rearing. The average land under agriculture in the county is approximately 2 acres according to the field survey conducted with major crops grown being tea, maize, pineapples, beans and vegetables such as kales and cabbages. This land use is therefore the major rural land use in the county represented by the distribution of the rural population which is about 75% of the total population of the county. ii) Conservation This is land that has been preserved for the purpose of protecting the environmentally sensitive areas such as the indigenous forests, steep hills, wetlands, water catchment and the riparian areas. In most cases, the National government gazette these areas so that they are not encroached for other land uses like agriculture. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 49 2017 - 2027 6.6.3. Land Use Trends Land use changes over time and is influenced by several factors - both human and natural. In the county, several factors are shaping land uses. Some of the current trends on land use change are: • High demand for land to harbour more settlements due to population increase, has led to rapid land sub-division rendering them uneconomical. This eventually poses a threat to agricultural land uses, and forest areas which not only support a large socio-economic population but also enhances sustainable development. • Agricultural land being converted to residential use. This is mainly occuring in urban centres that are currently facing an influx of people and consequent urban sprawl. A good example of such is Kericho Municipality which has seen increased housing and utility demand in the areas of Majengo and Nyagacho. These areas have evolved into informal settlements over the years. Further, Kabianga market centre has seen demand for housing rise due to presence of Kabianga University. • Agricultural land being converted to industrial use. This is currently being experienced in Kipsitet area along Kericho-Kisumu highway where a couple of industries have already setup and several others proposed that will see the area become an industrial park in the near future. • Commercial activities have seen the extent of urban centres like Chepseon, Londiani, Kedowa change use of land from agriculture to commercial use especially due to the influence of improved road transport. Activities witnessed include vegetable vending along the major highways and establishment of hotelier industry in the hinterland. 50 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 50 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 51 2017 - 2027 Map 12: Kericho County Land Use 6.7. Land Registration Status Table 6 and Map 13 display the status of land registration in Kericho county. The southern part of the county comprising Ainamoi, Bureti, Belgut and Sigowet-Soin sub-counties is the Kipsigis native land which has transitioned from communal to private tenure as a result of land registration over the years. The northern part of the county comprising Kipkelion west and Kipkelion east were lands alienated for white settlers which transitioned from white settlers to private tenure through land purchase settlements schemes after Kenya gaining independence in 1963. 52 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 52 2017 - 2027 Table 6: Summary of Land Registration Registered Land (Free Forest Roads, Average Hold) Reserve Alienated Land Townships Riparian Land Totaletc. Size Sub County Kipsigis Native Settlement Tea Sugar- Coffee Lease Hold Public Land Schemes cane land Ainamoi 20,818.00 - - 1,374 - - 1,006 1.80 23,198 Belgut 17,381 - 19,335 4,554 - - 19 1.70 41,289 Bureti 28,081 - 552 563 - - 41 2.40 29,237 Kipkelion East - 30,785 36, 693 3,476 - - 1,356 2.50 72,310 Kipkelion West - 28,769 - - - 802 641 2.60 30,212 Sigowet/Soin 43,943 - - - 2,064 - 17 3.40 46,024 TOTAL 110,224 59,554 60,347 10,070 4,500 802 3,081 8,322 256,900 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 53 2017 - 2027 Map 13: Land Registration/Settlement Map of Kericho County 6.8. Human Settlement According to the 2009 National Census, Kericho county is currently inhabited by a population of 739, 429 persons who reside in urban or rural contexts. Settlement typology is determined by socio-economic development within a locale including dispersed and nucleated settlements in rural areas and towns respectively. Further, natural resources and physical infrastructure like transit corridors and nodes affect the pattern of settlements including linear settlement. Across the board, the county encompasses a diverse settlement character as described in this chapter. 6.8.1. Urban Development The urban areas serve centrality purposes, whereby other peripheral regions rely on them as critical market areas. They serve unique administrative and commercial functions that the production peripheral areas require in order to ensure a well circuited economy. The population census conducted in 2009 shows that the Kenya urban population accounted for 31.3% of Kenya’s population. According to (Knoema, 2009), the urban population of Kericho county constitutes about 285,789 persons which is 40% of its populace. Urban and rural areas experience ties of mutual benefits within the value chain from production, processing to marketing, distribution and consumption functions. Urban areas provide employment opportunities in the off-farm sectors to a large rural population which significantly reduces the over-dependence on agriculture-based income generating activities. According to the Urban Areas and Cities Act No. 13 of 2011, an urban area refers to a municipality or a town. Kericho municipality is the major urban area in Kericho county. Its municipality status is due to the legal requirement where all county headquarters are conferred the same status. Further, it provides high level of services and constitutes an estimated population of about 108,000 residents. Kericho towns is connected to other urban areas through road networks. i) Urban Housing Urban housing is a fundamental pillar of sustainable urban development; an important sector in county development. Housing in the urban centres is a challenge escalated by influx of population within the urban centres due to pull-factors such as pursuit of employment. Therefore, planning for housing demand is fundamental in line with National Housing Policy, which includes: establishing housing schemes, development control, land banking and enforcement of zoning regulations. Figure 7: Land for urban housing belonging to NHC in Kipkelion town 54 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 54 2017 - 2027 Kericho town is experiencing growth of informal settlements particularly in Nyagacho area. Due to its proximity to the central business district and low rents, low income urban dwellers prefer to settle in this area. However, there is a steady influx in the number of urban dwellers in search of employment. This has led to population and housing pressure in the area that has consequently resulted in chains of illegal housing structures mainly of iron sheet typology. Urban infrastructure has consequently been strained including the biggest challenge being water supply. ii) Urbanization Trends Urban areas are evolving due to infrastructure and service provision. The towns that have experienced a boom in their economy have continued to expand thus affecting the land use systems. The peri-urban land uses are threatened by urban developments. Land fragmentation is rampant in a bid to accommodate more urban development. Commercial, educational and service establishments are on the rise, writing off the previous agricultural land uses. Urban sprawl - and the consequent informal settlements - is gradually becoming an emerging issue especially in Kericho town, where development has sprawled to Brooke, Kipchimchim and Kapsoit. Examples include informal settlements in the residential areas of Nyagacho and Chepkolon areas. However, each urban centre continues to thrive due to unique and dominant features. A good example would be Kabianga town which thrives as an educational centre hence all other activities revolve around that primary role. Kapkatet is also a town that has continued to grow but within the recent past has seen more prominence due to the Kapkatet stadium which has hosted political rallies as well as numerous tournaments. iii) Urban Land Demand and Supply From analysis of urban centres, urban growth occurs due to development of new towns as well as through urban sprawl of existing urban centres. Urban land demand is important in order to enhance development control. This is fundamental for purposes of protecting the much resourceful peripheral land where rural development activities take place. Most of the towns in Kericho county have local physical development plans (PDP) to guide development. However, looking at the trend analysis, some towns have outgrown the planned urban extents and hence need reviews conducted as illustrated in Figure 8 for the case of Chepseon. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 55 2017 - 2027 Figure 8: Extensive Urban growth in Chepseon town This is a key challenge that necessitates streamlining in order to achieve an objective review of the existing PDPs. Ultimately, the PDPs will be instrumental in controlling urban growth and informing the relevant infrastructure to expand or establish in tandem with needs. Undertaking urban land assessment would provide objectivity to such a review with regards to seeking ways to optimize land use. Land demand assessment is based on urban population which is estimated at 31% of ward population based on urban-rural population ratio in the county. The commercial area may also be densified or compacted, to concentrate commercial activities as per the patterns of development adopted by most towns. Land for utilities and urban infrastructure can be acquired at strategic areas as well as those for educational and public purpose. Scenarios for urban development and growth for various towns differ due to different factors affecting the same. However, the main key factors below are generally considered for computing urban land demand as illustrated in the case of Kericho municipality in Figure 9. i) Overall typical pattern of development ii) The increase in urban populations (population density per hectare, current and projected) iii) Assessment of lands that could be made available for urban uses without jeopardizing the integrity of key land uses considered essential such as agricultural productive and environmental sensitive areas. 56 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 56 2017 - 2027 Table 7: Major Urban areas Land Demand projections Urban Population (Urban & Peri-Urban) Urban Area Current Land Projected Land 2009 2017 2027 Supply (Ha) Demand (Ha) Kericho 101,808 150,700 223,072 1,961 2,262 Litein 78,622 116,379 172,269 114 131.5 Kipkelion 46,760 69,216 102,456 50 50 Londiani 43,152 68,875 101,951 126 126 Chepseon 11,106 16,439 24,334 13 15 TOTAL 281,448 421, 609 624, 082 2,264 2,585.5 Generally, the spatial assessment of urban land uses informs the scenarios for proposed supply of land. The proposed uses have to not only conform to existing uses but also complement them. A case example is Kericho town. The current dynamics of urban areas in Kericho county and in this context, Kericho town, reveal that urban development occurs on a linear basis along major transit corridors and radially around transit junctions. A critical aspect in the case of Kericho town is the sensitive land use at the multinational tea estates which restricts structural development. Due to population pressure, densification of housing and commercial structures is key to ensure existing land is optimally utilized Figure 9: Urban Land Demand Scenario in Kericho Municipality iv) Development of Growth and Service Centres Due to the rapid growth and explosion of urban functions over the years, some unanticipated areas have metamorphosed into urban areas. The key factors in the county KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 57 2017 - 2027 that have spurred urban development are infrastructure and resource potential. The key urban centres have developed in the following urban metamorphoses: a) Intermediate/Connective Growth Conurbation i) Kericho – Brooke – Kipchimchim – Ainamoi – Kapsoit – Kapsuser: This urban conurbation encompasses the aforementioned service centres with Kericho being the central and most influential with regards to service delivery and spatial threshold. Currently, the town boundary encompasses only Kericho and Brooke. However, a new municipal boundary has been delineated to encompass the six centres. ii) Londiani Junction - Londiani: Londiani junction town has rapidly emerged as a key urban growth area due to its strategic role in transit activities. However, the upcoming Londiani junction centre is reliant on Londiani town for basic services including health and education hence the two centers are likely to conglomerate into one spatial fabric gradually over time. iii) Litein – Koiwa - Mogogosiek: Litein has greatly impacted the lower parts of Kericho and Bomet counties as a commercial node. The neighboring centres are located along the same axial road (C24, Litein-Bomet) which joins Kericho-Kisii road at Litein. This multiplier effect has caused urban growth in these neighbouring centres and the trend may lead to a connective growth amongst the three as part of Litein municipality. b) Urban Growth i) Chepseon: This service centre has grown from a market centre to a town due to the agricultural market which is strategically located along a high traffic route, the B1 highway. Consequently, its urban extent has sprawled due to development of complimentary urban services and population influx. ii) Kapkatet: This is another town which has grown from a market centre in a few years. The level 4, Kapkatet hospital has generated a lot of traffic towards Kapkatet in the recent past as well as major educational facilities including KMTC & Kabianga University Medical School. Further, the stadium has created a continuous buzz in the town as national games and events are hosted on the grounds. c) Special Economic Zone Kipsitet: The area around Kipsitet towards Kisumu currently harbours heavy industries especially cement manufacturers. The area has been proposed for development of an extensive Industrial Park. Currently the town is a dormitory and transit point for the industrial zone as it houses most of the workers in the industries. It has important infrastructure including a sub-station, truck lay-bys and social amenities. Despite the potential, the service centres have challenges including urban sprawl and encroachment of urban developments on road and riparian reserves. 58 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 58 2017 - 2027 v) Functions of Service Centres Across the board, all service centres act as central places in relation to the surrounding spatial extents. They therefore exhibit homogeneity in some characteristics including: i) Commercial activities: shopping centres, markets, and basic financial institutions are concentrated within all the service centres in Kericho County. ii) Educational facilities are available in most centres especially primary schools iii) Religious facilities are also available in most service centres. However, the various service centres range in sizes from rural to urban centres and play different roles. Kericho town is the administrative and commercial capital of the county. Litein on the other hand is an upcoming commercial hub serving parts of Kericho and Bomet county. Spatially, the economic threshold of this town extends to centres of Koiwa, Kapkatet, and Mogogosiek hence the need for Litein to be conferred to municipal status. Fort Ternan houses an archaeological site which has not been capitalized as a tourist hub. Ngoino, Londiani Junction and Kipsitet are major transit towns that have seen economic boost and growth due to strategic location for transit purposes. Kedowa remains a light industrial centre owing to the extensive quarries and cereals storage at NCPB stores. Kapkatet is a major market and service centre as it houses two markets, hospitals, key educational facilities and a cultural museum. Chepseon and Sondu town remain major market towns. These service centres play a key role in diversifying the economy of Kericho County hence enriching the G.D.P. of the latter. The functionality of various towns is shown in Map 14. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 59 2017 - 2027 60 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 60 2017 - 2027 Map 14: Kericho County Service Centres 6.8.2. Planning for Settlements: Hierarchy The Urban Areas and Cities Amendment Bill 2017, necessitates ranking of towns and conferment of status to various levels. The level of service for various towns is determined by the services it offers against the standards. Table 8 displays the level of each service centre for a total of 25 centres in 1973. The total number of service centres have since grown to a total of about 83 by 2017. This shows an upside trend in sprouting and growth of new towns. Table 8: History of Service Centres (GoK, 1973) District Urban Centres Rural Centres Market Centres Local Centres Kericho Kericho Londiani Kapkatet Kapsuser Litein Sosiot Kipsitet Londiani Roret Fort Ternan Kipkelion Kedowa Kapsoit Kaitui Kapkugerwet Kapsaos Chepsir Cheborge Chemosit Kebeneti Kiptere Kabianga Ainamoi Kapsorok Population projection estimates as stipulated in the Urban Areas and Cities Amendment Bill 2017 have been used as a major factor to analyse level of service centres by 2027. Currently there are charters conferring Kericho and Litein municipal status. Further, they meet the population standards as depicted in Table 9. Table 9: Population Analysis for Kericho and Litein Urban areas Enumerated and Projected Urban Population Service Centre 2009 2017 2027 Kericho 101,808 150,700 223,072 Litein 78,622 116,379 172,269 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 61 2017 - 2027 It is worth noting that service provision in all centres remain below standard especially basic infrastructure including water and sewerage reticulation and utilities. Table 10 and Map 15 depicts the current level of service for each urban or rural centre in tandem with the services provided, population estimates and the threshold of the central place. Table 10: Current Service Centres (GeoMaestro, 2017) County Municipality Towns Market Rural Centres Centres Kericho Kericho Sondu Barsiele Tegat Kipsirichet Litein Kipkelion Kipchimchim Cheborge Kokwet Kabianga Torsogek Chebirbei Ainamoi Sosiot Simbi Chepkemel Sigowet Kedowa Iraa Kiplalmat Chepseon Kapmasu Kalyongwet Lelu Londiani Kiptere Soliat Mtaragon Kapkatet Roret Maili~Nne Kebeneti Brooke Tuiyobei Seretut Gilimori Fort-Tenan Cheptuiyet Sosit Hill-Tee Mindililwet Chemoiwa Kamwingi~1 Kapsaos Cheboin Kamwingi~2 Tendwet Cheplanget Buchenge Kipsolu Kebeneti Kapseger Kimugul Chepsir Kaptenet Tepkutwet Soko-Huru Jagoror Kaylet Kapsorok Akwai Kajeliba Kenegut Kapcheplanga Cherara Lemotit Kasheen Gwitu Kapkelek Mugumoini Sachang’wan Chepngetuny Tebesonik Simboiyon Taplotin Chemosit Miti Tatu Kapchebangoror Ngoina Londiani- Farmers Kaitui Kipsitet Chepcholiet Kamaget Londiani - Kiptewit Murao junction Bagoiyot Ndubusat Kipwastuiyo Kibugat Nyarobi Total 2 10 24 57 62 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 62 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 63 2017 - 2027 Map 15: Hierarchy of Urban Settlements in Kericho County 64 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 64 2017 - 2027 Chapter 7 Economic Analysis KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 65 2017 - 2027 7.1. Overview The main economic activities carried out within the county are agriculture and commerce but agriculture is the most dominant. Commercial endeavours are carried out on business establishments which are located in urban areas like Kericho town and other market centres within the precincts of the county. Agro-based processing industries is a major feature of the county’s economy. However, there is an emergence of other non- agro-based industries in Kipsitet area of Soin/ Sigowet sub-county. 7.2. Agriculture Kericho’s economy is agriculture-based with tea being the main cash crop. Tea originated from India and was introduced to Kenya in 1903, and since then, it has been commercially cultivated in large scale making Kenya a world tea producer. It has an annual production of about 300,000,000 kg and is rated the fourth largest tea producer and the second biggest exporter in the world. The acreage under tea production in Kericho county is estimated at 35,720 hectares (approximately 20% of the available area in the county), with an average annual production of 80,000,000 kg (CIDP, 2013) accounting for approximately 27% of Kenya’s produce. Outside the tea zones, maize is the dominant cash and food crop. Beyond the dominant crops, the majority of farmers are considering diversification options to mitigate against fluctuating incomes from major crops. The county government engaged farmers at ward level to identify a crop that could be championed by the county government. It is noted, however, that the performance of crop sub-sector is still below the actual potential by approximately 50 – 75% for various crops. For instance, the average tea production levels in Kericho county is 1.5 kgs/bush which is below the optimum of 4kgs/ bush. Current coffee production is 5 - 15 kgs/tree compared to a potential of 20 kgs/tree under good management (CIDP, 2013). The county also engages in horticulture and dairy farming. Dairy cattle characterise livestock farming for milk production with an estimated heard of 162,000 cattle compared to 50,000 for beef cattle(Jaetzold, 2011). The estimated milk production per day is approximately 4,000 litres. The current milk production per cow per day is estimated at 7 litres compared with the potential of 28 litres per day. i) Size of land under agriculture Majority of agricultural practices are carried out on land occupying more than one hectare. This phenomenon has continued to ensure that most of the land is preserved for agriculture within the county. Small land pieces of land (below 1 ha.) contribute 28% of the total land under agriculture as shown in Figure 12. Mechanization of agriculture on the remaining 82% can be achieved in a move towards boosting productivity. 66 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 66 2017 - 2027 Figure 12: Land size under Agriculture; Source: GeoMaestro 2017 ii) Type of farming With the county’s agricultural prospects being both commercial and subsistence, commercial agriculture covers 40% of the total activity while subsistence use stands at 60%. Figure 13 shows that the majority of the population carries out agriculture for own consumption. Figure 13: Type of farming iii) Type of Agriculture Agricultural practices in Kericho include crop farming, horticulture, livestock and mixed farming. Mixed farming is widely practised at 64% while horticulture and livestock farming are least practised occupying 2% of the total agricultural activity. Crop farming is a significant practice, coming second at 34%. Figure 14 describes the percentage distribution of the various agricultural practices within the County. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 67 2017 - 2027 Figure 14: Agricultural activities iv) Channels of distribution Distribution of agricultural products (Figure 15) within the county is through various channels. These include co-operatives, individuals, middle persons and others like the government. The most commonly used mode of distribution involves individual persons (at 63%) who have to create their direct links with the consumer market. Figure 15: Distribution channels for agricultural produce 68 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 68 2017 - 2027 7.3. Trade, Commerce and Financial Services i) Formal Commercial Activities The formal sector is mainly anchored in Kericho town which acts as both the county headquarters and the main commercial hub. With the benefits of agglomeration, Kericho town edges out the other towns within the county to place itself in competition with other regional towns such as Kisii, Narok and Kakamega. Kericho town is dominated by banking and financial businesses, retail shops, distributors, shopping malls, entertainment spots, restaurants and light industrial activities. The wholesale and retail trade, mainly dealing on household goods and farm input, dominates major towns in the county. Regarding banking industry, Kericho hosts the highest number of banks with Litein, Londiani and Sondu having at least one bank each as shown in Table 11. Table 11: Financial institutions Town Banks Microfinance Kericho • Kenya Commercial Bank • Highland Sacco (KCB) • Kipsigis Sacco • National Bank • Simba Chai Sacco • Equity Bank • Ndege Chai • Cooperative Bank of Kenya • KWFT • Imarisha Sacco • Tengecha Sacco Litein • Kenya Commercial Bank • Patnas Sacco (KCB) • KWFT • Equity Bank • LITCO • Cooperative Bank of Kenya • Bureti Sacco Sondu • Kenya Commercial Bank • KWFT (KCB) • Equity Bank Londiani • KCB • Londiani dairy farmers’ cooperative society • KWFT • Tulwap Investments a) Markets The county government manages and collects revenue from most formal markets in urban areas. These markets are vibrant trading grounds in the urban areas, dealing with agricultural goods, electronics, clothes and others. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 69 2017 - 2027 b) Co-operative Societies The cooperative societies within the county are majorly agriculture based and are located in the extensive agricultural centres within the county. They facilitate credit access and resource pooling mostly for agriculturally based enterprises. There are approximately 265 cooperative societies of which, 174 are active while 91 are dormant. The share capital as at 2012 stood at approximately Ksh 807,405,548 with a membership of 225,859. The main SACCOs include: Imarisha SACCO, Ndege Chai, Mau Tea Multipurpose, Kericho Highland Multipurpose, Temiik, Simba SACCOs, Bureti SACCO, LITCO SACCO, Tengecha schools SACCO among others. Apart from the Imarisha Teachers, LITCO, and Tengecha schools SACCO, the rest are agriculture based. (CIDP, 2013) c) Automobile and Motor Industry Automobile companies are located mainly in Kericho town which serves the entire county and the neighbouring counties of Bomet, Nyamira and Kisii. The main dealers are Toyota Kenya, TATA and assorted individually owned enterprise. Aside from motor vehicle selling, the spare part industry is well established within the other urban areas including Kericho, Londiani, Litein, Sondu. ii) Informal Commercial Enterprises Informal commercial enterprises such as juakali industry, informal markets, timber industry, garages, vending etc. contribute to the economy of the county in a broad way. These enterprises are well established in the urban areas and the market centres and are demand driven. Proper measure need be put in place by the county government to register, regulate and tax them. iii) Industries Agriculture and Livestock based industries are the most thriving primary industries in the county. They are mainly production and processing of agricultural commodities such as tea, sugar cane, pineapples, floriculture and coffee. Multinational companies mostly own large-scale tea and floriculture industries whereas individual farmers own sugar cane, coffee, small-scale tea farms and pineapple farms. Manufacturing industries in the county are mostly agro-based. These industries are tea processing industries, sugarcane processing industries, milk processing industries, baking industry and pineapple processing industry; which is still under construction in Roret. The major extractive industry in the county is quarrying dealing in dressing of building stones and sand harvesting. Quarrying and dressing of natural/building stones is mainly carried out in Kipkelion east and Kipkelion west sub-counties. There also exists extraction of murram which is used in road construction and maintenance in the whole county. Borrow pits are located along Mau Summit-Kisumu highway and Sotik-Roret roads, which were established during the construction of the roads and remain active. The potential of bauxite mineral in Ainamoi location, a mineral used in the manufacturing of cement if exploited will significantly boost the extractive industry (CIDP, 2013). There exists a small percentage of timber production industry which sources their raw materials from both private farms and gazetted forests. There is also a steel industry situated in Soin/Sigowet sub-county. Map 16 shows various industrial establishments in Kericho county. 70 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 70 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 71 2017 - 2027 Map 16: Industries in Kericho County 7.4. Tourism Tourism in Kenya is the second-largest source of foreign exchange revenue following agriculture. The main tourist attractions are safaris to the 40 national parks and game reserves and the tea plantations in Kericho which are considered to be one of the great sceneries Kenya has to offer. Tourism sector has not been fully been exploited but the county is working on reviving activities and rehabilitating around 10 tourist attraction sites including Fort Ternan Museum, Tagabi Monkey Sanctuary, Chebulu Conservancy, Tulwap Kipsigis, Chagaik Arboretum, and Kapkatet Museum as shown in Table 12 and Map 17. Agro-tourism is a potential for the county as it prides itself as an agricultural county with tea plantations being the ideal attraction. Table 12: Tourist sites Assessment Tourist Sites Remarks This site has been neglected until recently, fossils were moved 1. Fort-Ternan Pre-historic site to Kisumu, and there is no signage to show location of the site from the main road. 2.Chebulu Conservancy Identified but not yet developed 3.Tulwap Kipsigis Cultural Site Identified but not yet developed 4.Chagaik Arboretum and Tagabi Sanctuary Already developed, requires maintenance and marketing 5.Mau Forest Huge potential not yet developed 6.Kapkatet museum Functional, but located in a squeezed space which is difficult to trace 7.Reresik/Bagao Caves Identified, yet to be developed 8.View Points: Samutet and Chepcholiet Not yet identified but have potential 9.Tea Estates/Agro-tourism Identified but yet to be developed Supporting Infrastructure Remarks i) Access roads to the sites There is access to all the sites but the road condition is poor. ii) Transport Lack of reliable transport to the sites iii) Signage Lack of signage to the sites for directions iv) Marketing Lack of information and marketing of the sites v) Air transport The only public airstrip is non-functional vi) Hotels and Accommodation Tea Hotel is at the verge of collapse. However, there are other upcoming hotels like Sunshine, Hills County and Taidys. 72 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 72 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 73 2017 - 2027 Map 17: Tourist attraction sites in Kericho County 7.5. Regional Economic Development The Kenya Vision 2030 includes equity as a recurrent principle in economic, social and political programs. The Constitution of Kenya (2010) also provides for the devolved system of governance which ensure participation of communities and equitable national resource distribution to address socio-economic disparities. These strategies set out the foundations for enhancing development within those regions. In the enhancement of development, counties with historical, political and economic similarities have formed six economic blocs as shown in Map 18. These blocs are intended to spur economic growth within the respective regions through policy harmonization and resource mobilization. Kericho county is located in Lake Region Economic Bloc (LREB) with 13 other counties (GoK, 2018) aimed at actualising economic growth for the over 14 million people. Among the initiatives to be implemented by the bloc include upgrade of airstrips in all the counties, establishment of a fruit processing plant and construction of a ring road to connect the counties. Further the NSP clusters counties based on economic potentials. Kericho is considered to have potential in urbanization, tourism, fishing, rain fed and irrigated agriculture (MoL&PP, 2015). The county is strategically located on the South-Western part of Kenya. Its produce can penetrate into neighbouring economic blocs and as far as Nairobi due to good connectivity. Tourism has potential with revival of local tourism-circuit to be connected to the western Kenya circuit. Circulation of goods and services has potential to drive growth plans and speed up economic development. 74 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 74 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 75 2017 - 2027 Map 18: Regional Economic Blocs 76 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 76 2017 - 2027 Chapter 8 Transport and Infrastructure KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 77 2017 - 2027 8.1. Overview Transportation is the movement of goods and people from one point to another. Roads, railroads, air, water, pipeline etc., give the means of transportation. Roads forms the major means of transport in Kericho county and supports several modes expressed as modal split. Transport and infrastructure are fundamental components that steer growth and development of any economy as it links production, processing and consumption of goods and services within a spatial context. In Kenya, the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure oversees functionality of the transit and infrastructural systems managed by various bodies and organizations. 8.2. Road Transport 8.2.1. Road Networks and Linkages i) Road Network The county has a total of about 3,453 kilometres of road length for its entire road network as seen in Map 19. Out of this, 2,406 km of roads are unclassified while the other 1,053 km consists of classified roads under KENHA, KURA, & KeRRA. Further, about 450 km of the roads are paved and of bitumen standard while the rest are unpaved, entailing gravel and earth roads as shown in Figure 16. Figure 16: Road Surface Condition in Kericho County. The entire road network entails four major road surface types: earth, gravel and bitumen road surfaces. The unpaved roads entail the earth and gravel roads while the paved roads entail bitumen standard surface type as shown in Table 13. 78 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 78 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 79 2017 - 2027 Map 19: Road Network in Kericho County Table 13: Road Networks, Surface type and Condition Road Road Surface Type Condition of roads Length (km) Network Classification Type International A Bitumen Good 4.7 Trunk National B Bitumen Good 89.4 Trunk Primary C Bitumen Fair 151 Arterial Secondary D Bitumen/Gravel Fair 207.9 Arterial Minor E Gravel/Earth Fair 380.3 Special L Bitumen Good 9.0 Purpose R Earth Poor 181.7 S Gravel Poor 7.5 T Bitumen Fair 15.7 U Earth Poor 2,369.89 Urban Roads (Multi-class) Bitumen/Gravel Fair 36.11 TOTAL 3,453 This shows that most roads in Kericho county need revamping of the surface in order to ease transit especially during rainy seasons considering the county experiences high amounts of rainfall most times of the year. Kericho county is traversed by 3.4 km of International Trunk road, A 104, on its Northern border. The A 104 traverses several counties from Mombasa to Nairobi to Eldoret and into Uganda through Busia. It is also traversed by a small section of A1, by about 1.25 km at Sondu in Kisumu-Kericho border. The county is also traversed by a National Trunk road B1, this road starts from A104 at the Mau Summit Junction to Busia, Kakamega and Malaba but the section under consideration is 89.4 km stretch within Kericho county. Kericho county also has a fairly extensive network of Primary Arterial Class C roads linking key towns within the county. These roads include: Kericho-Litein-Sotik, (C 23) which links major and minor towns like Kapsuser, Chemosit, Ngoina and Kapkatet towns, Litein-Bomet road (C 24), Ngoina-Roret road (C 21), and Kapsoit- Sondu (C25) which links these towns and others like Sosiot, Kiptere and Sigowet. The southern part of Kericho is better linked as opposed to the Northern which has Londiani -Muhoroni road (C 35) which extends to Kisumu and a small section of C 34. ii) Road Linkages Analysis Transportation plays a key role in linking production, processing areas and markets. 80 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 80 2017 - 2027 There are several challenges affecting transport as expressed in the aforementioned section especially poor surface condition of key link roads. Further implications of these challenges include the following: a) Circulation The deeper the penetration of transit networks, the more widespread the socio-economic development. However poor infrastructure inhibits such potential due to inaccessibility. Most of the roads in Kunyak area are disjointed due to poor terrain, and this translates to poor connectivity to other towns stagnating development in the area. Transportation within the Kericho municipality has proven to be a major challenge in light of connectivity for social and economic purposes. The county government has completed tarmacking of Brooke-Kipchimchim-Ainamoi-Tegat road. This road section is an opportunity to open up a local transit route that can be exploited in a bid to improve public transport through the matatu industry within the municipality. This route will further ease congestion within Kericho town. Figure 15: Bridge easing circulation due to connectivity b) Urbanization Transportation influences location and development of urban areas which offer crucial services to the hinterland. Within Soin/Sigowet sub-county, the only dominant urban centres are Sondu and Kipsitet. This renders the area in between the two centres i.e. Chebulu-Kapsorok-Simbi marginalized in terms of socio-economic development. c) Economy Kericho county plays a key economic role within the national and regional context. The current upgrading of Chepseon - Kipkelion road has opened up Kericho to economic prospects in relation to Nandi and Uasin Gishu counties. The upgrading can be continued to link Kipkelion town to the A 104 highway at Hill Tee. This is road may serve as a key link between Kericho, Eldoret and other towns. Further, the route is shorter compared to Kericho-Londiani-Hill Tee and Kericho-Awasi-Chemilil-Kapsabet routes. Consequently, this development will boost economic growth by opening up markets for agricultural produce. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 81 2017 - 2027 8.2.2. Terminal Facilities and Capacity Demand Over 1,519 public transit vehicles traverse the major roads in Kericho on a daily basis to and from regional destinations illustrated in Figure 16. Figure 16: Average Daily Regional Service PSV (GeoMaestro, 2017) Further, 365 vehicles operate as town service PSVs each covering an average of five trips per day as shown in Figure 17 . Figure 17: Average Daily Town Service (PSV) (GeoMaestro, 2017) Kericho’s town service PSVs operates within the municipality to satellite towns including of Ainamoi, Kapsoit, Kapsuser and Brooke using medium buses and matatus. The capacity of the two main termini is overwhelmed by the increased demand of users. (MAK, 2017) Nyagacho area has smaller bus terminal which operates the route to Kericho town CBD. The stage at Total petrol station along the B1 highway operates regional routes such as Kisumu, Eldoret, Bomet, Nakuru, Molo etc. It encounters high traffic due to general increase in traveller count. These two bus terminuses are however undesignated and unplanned 82 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 82 2017 - 2027 Figure 18: The Kericho Town Central Bus Terminus 8.2.3. Modal Split and Traffic Assessment Road transport is cardinal in Kericho’s transportation sector as it caters for over 93% of all freight and passenger traffic. Modal split is obtained typically through traffic surveys and refers to the percentage of travellers using a particular transportation mode. In Kericho county motorized transit accounts for 63% against non-motorized transit at 37% (KRB, 2014; GeoMaestro, 2017). The motorcycle is the most popular transit mode due to its flexibility and access to rugged terrain and remote places. Walking is the second most common mode of transit especially for local trips, i.e., home to school or work. On the other hand, within the share of personal cars, about 30% are Toyota probox, vastly used as public transit vehicles. Figure 19 presents comparisons of modal usages across the county. Figure 19: Modal Usage within Kericho county (GeoMaestro, 2017) KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 83 2017 - 2027 8.2.4. Non-motorized Transport Non-motorized transportation is widely used within Kericho county in major ways including walking, boda-bodas and donkeys. The NMT modes of transit are widely used in relation to the major land uses within the county. There are also areas within the county with good physical road coverage but the routes have not been included for public transportation, forcing users to opt for non-motorized methods of transit. Figure 20: Motorized and Non-Motorized Transit levels (GeoMaestro, 2017) The most popular non-motorized mode of transit is walking as illustrated in Figure 21. This is often preferenced for shorter trips such as walking to school or work. This is occasioned by factors such as inadequate optional modes of transit and the expenses normally incurred in motorized transport. With the agricultural and other economic activities, public transportation remains a key missing link for most parts of the county. Figure 21: Illustration of usage of Non-motorized modes of transit (GeoMaestro, 2017) It was noted that there is inadequacy of affordable public transport and minimal traffic separation in high traffic routes. 84 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 84 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 85 2017 - 2027 Map 20: Illustration of usage of modes of transit (GeoMaestro, 2017) 8.2.5. Local Circulation Model for Kericho Municipality Urban conurbations attract high traffic levels. This raises the viability for development of transit circulation systems. Kericho municipality comprises of six urban centres, Kericho being central in light of functions, threshold and location. The other central places are continually urbanizing due to backward and forward linkages with Kericho as the central urban centre. Primarily, Kapsoit, Kapsuser, Brooke, Ainamoi, James Finlay and Kipchimchim serve dormitory functions to the central urban centre. Consequently, the roads linking these towns experience significantly heavy traffic. Currently a proposed by-pass is being constructed from Brooke to Kapsoit at the B1 Kisumu-Kericho highway. This will be instrumental in easing traffic congestion in Kericho especially the vehicles plying routes to the western and eastern parts of the country. Tegat- Kipchimchim- Ainamoi-Kapsoit road is currently being upgraded to bitumen standard which is a key incentive for development of a local transit circuit/ring-road which will ease unnecessary traffic in Kericho town. 8.3. Rail Transport i) Existing Rail The existing railroad track within Kericho county is currently dilapidated due to the stalling of railway operations. The decline of Railway transit in Kenya has affected railway station operations and consequently a major decline in industrial/warehousing operations in Kipkelion and Fort Ternan. The infrastructure has been vandalized along its course on various sections due to lack of supervision hence any efforts aimed at an attempt to revive operations would require heavy investment. This means that if operations were to be established nationally or regionally, it could bring economic revival to these towns. 86 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 86 2017 - 2027 Establishing an inter-modal exchange in Kipkelion town would be fundamental in boosting the economy of the town and Northern part of the county with the following efforts: i) Optimizing value addition and processing of agricultural produce particularly maize and milk ii) Consequent re-establishment of industrial parks for the above activities iii) Warehousing industrial zone These will be made possible by revival of the old railway line and stations within the North, South Rift and Lake Victoria Basin regions. Reviving railway operations would complement road transportation and would reinforce cargo transit especially for the agricultural produce not only from Kipkelion but the entire county. Figure 22: Potential Inter-Modal Interchange and Industrial zone in Kipkelion Plans are underway to revive Fort Ternan as an Edu-tourist hub. The Londiani-Muhoroni highway has provided easy access to Fort Ternan. However, it is mainly used for passengers traversing the county from Western Kenya. Inter-regional railway transit would open the town up to local and regional tourism ii) Proposed SGR Rail The proposed SGR railroad is likely to traverse Kericho county through Cheplanget- Sondu-Kapsorok area in Bureti and Soin/Sigowet sub-counties KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 87 2017 - 2027 8.4. Air Transport The only public air transport facility in Kericho county is the Kerenga Aerodrome which is enclosed within a 63.14 Acre (approx. 25 Ha) land parcel and strategically located adjacent to the C23 (Kericho – Litein) highway. This provides efficiency in light of modal interchange. The runway is a stretch of approximately 1.25 km, buffered by tree cover on either side. This significantly enhances noise reduction that may negatively impact neighbouring land uses as well as ensuring clarity within the flight funnel by physically separating the facility from external factors. The infrastructural facility abuts fairly compatible land uses according to the Physical Planning Handbook (2002). To the east of the facility is agricultural land use which is quite compatible. To the west and straight across the C23 however, the major land uses are commercial and residential which may not be as compatible. This conflict is considerably reduced owing to the buffer zone around the airport, but may still affect these land uses negatively. The impacts may currently not be experienced as much as the airport operations are unstable and the facility is not in much commercial use. Figure 23: Spatial Analysis on Suitability of the Kerenga Aerodrome Economically, the airport has not been put to use considering that Kericho county is rich in various produce that are of national and international importance. Kericho county is also a destination for various administrative, commercial and recreational purposes. Re- vamping the airport operations would open therefore up the county to more opportunities hence boost the economy of the county. 88 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 88 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 89 2017 - 2027 Figure 24: Analysis of Economic Impulses enabled by Inter-Modal Transportation and Linkages 8.5. Pipeline Transit Pipeline transit has over the years been providing efficient, reliable, safe and cost-effective means of transporting petroleum products from Mombasa to the hinterland. In pursuit of this objective, Kenya Pipeline Company (KPC) has over time invested in pipeline, storage and loading facilities for transportation and distribution of petroleum products. In 2017, a study for devolvement of petroleum pipeline network to the counties was conducted in a bid to improve supply due to increasing demand for petroleum products as well as enhancing market access. Kapkatet township was identified as the proposed depot for the South Rift Region. It is proposed to serve demand spots including towns within Kericho, Narok, Bomet and parts of Kisii county. Regional demand, spatial location in relation to major towns /demand hot spots, availability of fairly flat land and good road network connecting to service area was considered in determining the depot location among other considerations. The proposed pipeline is set to branch at KPC Sinendet Station in Nakuru to Kipkelion Junction then follow the Nyayo Tea Zone road on the boundary of Kericho and Bomet counties, scaling the Western Mau forest, to Litein in Kericho and finally Kapkatet, 80 km from Sinendet. 8.6. ICT and Telecommunications Connection to the fibre submarine systems provides Kenya with numerous investment opportunities and presents great prospects for spurring economic growth through reliable and affordable high-capacity bandwidth. In addition to the completion and operationalisation of the undersea fibre cables, which have facilitated global interconnection for the country, the completion of National Optic Fibre Backbone Infrastructure (NOFBI) Phase 1 has provided connection within the country. A total of 4,300kms of NOFBI was completed in the year 2009-10. The level of utilisation of the NOFBI cable is, however, low. Increased demand, once Phase 2 of NOFBI is completed, is expected to change the situation. The NOFBI was being used by Telkom Kenya, Safaricom, Jamii Telkom, Bandwidth and Cloud Services (BCS), Kenya Education Network (KENET), and the DEG in different locations in 37 counties. Phase 2 will cover the rest of the counties. 90 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 90 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 91 2017 - 2027 Map 22: ICT and Pipeline Infrastructure 92 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 92 2017 - 2027 Chapter 9 Water and Sewerage Services KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 93 2017 - 2027 9.1. Overview Kenya  is characterized by low levels of access to water and  sanitation, in particular in urban  slums  and in  rural areas, as well as poor service quality in the form of intermittent water supply. Seasonal and regional water scarcity exacerbates the difficulty to improve water supply. Kericho county is no exception to these challenges. This section discusses these challenges in detail. 9.2. Water Sources The main categories of sources of water for residents in Kericho county are surface water sources and ground water sources. i) Surface water sources a) Rivers A large part of the Mau forest - considered Kenya’s largest water catchment area - lies in the county. The forest gives rise to some of the major rivers that flow out of it among them the Ewaso Ng’iro, Sondu, Mara and Njoro Rivers. Some of the major permanent Rivers which flow through the county are Chemosit, Kiptiget, Itare, Kipchorian, Timbilil, Kipsonoi, and Mara Rivers. The main water sources within the county are rainfall, shallow wells, springs and streams for the rural population. KEWASCO draws its water from River Timbilil, River Kimugu and Ngecherok springs. Shallow wells and springs, which are the main source of water for the rural population, are unsafe though attempts are being made through devolved funds for instance CDF and county government funds to protect the springs and provide convenient watering point and sanitation facilities. Public water sources have been encroached and some vandalised. A section of the population draws water from the rivers. The water from these rivers is mainly used for domestic and industrial uses while some is used for small scale institutional hydroelectricity generation. Conservation efforts would see the county contribute water resources to other part of the country enhancing the national efforts of making Kenya water-secure. b) Earth dams and water pans A negligible number of households depend on water pans mainly for watering cattle. On the lower parts especially Soin/Sigowet and Kipkelion sub-counties the landscape presents a good topography for development of dams and water pans that could be used for multiple uses. ii) Subsurface and ground water Table 14 below summarizes the borehole data available and can be useful when making decisions on areas to explore ground water. 94 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 94 2017 - 2027 Table 14: Ground water sources assessment No. Sub County Average depth of Average Quality of Remarks abstraction (M) Yield (M3/ water hr) 1 Ainamoi 200 5 Good Lately water levels getting deeper 2 Belgut 180 6 Fairly Good Minor turbidity with increased use 3 Bureti 160 5.5 Fairly Good Minor clays in Ngoina, Cheborge and Litein area 4 Soin/Sigowet 210 4.5 Fairly Good Clays limit borehole recharge 5 Kipkelion East 140 8 Good Rich aquifers 6 Kipkelion West 150 7 Good Rich aquifers on hill ridges 9.3. Water Supply 9.3.1. Existing Infrastructure The responsibility for water supply and sewerage in Kericho is shared between an asset holding company, Lake Victoria South Water Service Board (LVSWSB), and the operating companies- the Kericho Water and Sanitation Company (KEWASCO) and the Tililbei Water and Sanitation Company (TILWASCO). KEWASCO and TILWASCO are semi-autonomous companies owned by the county government of Kericho. Kericho Water and Sanitation Company (KEWASCO) supplies water within the former Kericho municipality area and the neighbouring peri-urban areas. Tililbei Water and Sanitation Company (TILWASCO) on the other hand, is responsible for the supply of water in rural areas across the county. Most rural community water supplies are managed by community management committees. Institutional water supply schemes are managed by respective institutions. KEWASCO serves 18,000 registered water connections with 12,000 active connections, and 4,000 sewerage connections. It draws 68.2% (8,640m3/day) of its water from Timbilil River, 30.2 % (3,000m3/day) from Kimugu River and 1.6% (1,200m3/day) from Ngecherok springs. During periods of drought, the water level in these rivers and springs reduce due to deforestation of the catchment areas. Though the percentages of unaccounted for water (UFW) dropped from 50% - 46%, its level remain a big concern. These losses are due to leakages, illegal connections, inefficient consumer meters and wasteful use of water by some consumers. TILWASCO on the hand is charged with the responsibility of management of the water supply schemes as listed in Table 15. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 95 2017 - 2027 Table 15: TILWASCO Water Supply Schemes No. Name of scheme Target Area 1 Litein Water Supply Litein and Kapkatet urban centres and the Surrounding rural areas 2 Kipkelion Water Supply Kipkelion urban centre 3 Sosiot Water Supply Sosiot urban centre and the Surrounding rural areas 4 Londiani Water supply Londiani urban centre and the Surrounding rural areas 5 Chepseon Water Supply Chepseon shopping centre 6 Fort Tenan Water Supply Fortenan shopping centre 7 Kipsitet Water Supply Kipsitet shopping centre 8 Kaitui Water Supply Kaitui shopping centre 9 Sigowet Water Supply Sigowet shopping centre Total There are also several water supply schemes and projects spread across the county. These schemes and projects are funded by various actors and are at various levels of implementation as shown in Map 23. 96 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 96 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 97 2017 - 2027 Map 23: Existing Water Projects and Schemes in Kericho County 9.3.2. Water Demand Analysis i) Household Water Demand KEWASCO’s water reticulation network covers an area of approximately 144 km2 comprising of Kericho town and adjoining peri-urban areas. The total combined design capacity of the water supply infrastructure for KEWASCO is 12,900 m3/day which is marginally adequate for the entire Kericho Municipality being the main supply area though not fully exploited currently. The water distribution system itself comprises a total of approximately 115 km network of primary, secondary, and tertiary pipelines. The average consumption per household is 200 liters per day. With a projected population of up to 200,000 residents within the supply area by 2027, this translates to a projected water demand of up to 10,000 m3/d. However, KEWASCO intends to expand its supply capacity to 19,521 m3/d by 2030. KEWASCO has 12,500 active connections out of 18,000 registered connections as of 2017. Currently the population of Kericho Municipality is estimated at 150,700 while the average household size is 5.4 hence 28, 000 households against the 12,500 households receiving water supply services. The reticulation infrastructure needs expansion to accommodate the growing consumer demand. Considering the entire county, it is a requirement for towns and municipalities to have a well-functioning water supply and reticulation systems along with the relevant services. The rest of the towns have schemes from TILWASCO as shown Table 16. Apart from these providers, the county has managed to establish a number of community schemes and there are also a number of individual schemes that have gone a long way to beef up water supply even in rural areas. Table 16: Water Schemes within TILWASCO No. Name of scheme Target Area Current Active Connections 1 Litein Water Supply Litein, Kapkatet towns and the 6,714 surrounding areas 2 Kipkelion Water Supply Kipkelion town 215 3 Sosiot Water Supply Sosiot and its environs 532 4 Londiani Water supply Londiani town and its environs 477 5 Chepseon Water Supply Chepseon town 352 6 Fort Tenan Water Supply Fort-Tenan town 319 7 Kipsitet Water Supply Kipsitet 297 8 Kaitui Water Supply Kaitui town 166 9 Sigowet Sigowet town 96 Total 7,179 98 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 98 2017 - 2027 Table 17 shows the current population served by existing water schemes. Table 17: Reach-out level of Water Supply in the county, 2018 Sub-Counties Average households Average Persons Average population currently Served (all per household currently Served (all projects) projects) Soin 2,762 5.4 14,915 Ainamoi 20,010 5.4 108,054 Bureti 8,399 5.4 45,355 Belgut 1,354 5.4 7,312 Kipkelion West 4,784 5.4 25,834 Kipkelion East 3264 5.4 17,626 Total 40573 219,096 Figure 25: Water access proportions Community groups and private actors have been keen in enhancing construction and operation of water points in rural areas to supplement efforts by the government. However, there is still a critical demand as only 24% of the residents receives piped or tanked water (GeoMaestro, 2017). Table 18 and Table 19 show active water schemes and water demand respectively. Table 18: Existing water schemes, reticulation and capacities, 2017 Water Scheme Service Est. No. of Supplied Total Design Total Operational/ Providers connections capacity m3/day Supply Capacity m3/ (households) day KEWASCO 18,260 12,900 2,400 TILWASCO 8,942 Community Schemes 10,246 County Government Schemes 590 Institutional 820 Others 4,960 TOTALS 43,818 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 99 2017 - 2027 Projected Water Demand Total Av. No Households Population Served Capacity m3/dayby Schemes Total Current Supply 2017 43,818 219,096 ----------- Total Demand 2027 338,750 1,355,000 ----------- Total Deficit 299,892 1,135,906 59,978.4 i) Water demand Analysis for the county Demographic data for the county was gathered and analysed to give the current and total projected water demand. Consideration was given to human and animal population, commercial water uses and a 5% margin for kitchen gardening. Below is the analysis for the demand. a) Projection Horizon and projection Growth Rates The initial year has been taken as 2017, future demand in the year 2027 and the ultimate as 2037. Planning period is 20 years. Base year is 2009. The prediction of future population is essential in connection with the planning of water supply systems. Complete studies of vital statistics such as gender, age and so forth are obtainable from several agencies that include the local government offices and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). The population growth rate of the county is 3.3% for urban areas and 2.4% for rural areas. The national growth rate of 2.6% (CIDP, 2014). b) Demand calculations The projected future and ultimate water demand calculations are based on the guidelines in the Ministry of Water Design Manual for Water Supply in Kenya (August, 1986), the Ministry of Water and Irrigation Practice Manual for Water Supply Services in Kenya (October, 2005) the World Health Organisation Sectorial Study and National Programming for Community and Rural Water Supply, Sewerage and Water Pollution control: Selection and Design Criteria for Water Supply Projects (1973). Water consumption rates have been derived from the design manual. Table 20: Rates adopted for estimating water demand (Source: GoK (2005)). No. Aspect of water use Rates 1 Rural Individual connects (I.C) 60L/H/Day 2 Urban Individual connects (I.C) 150 L/H/Day 3 Schools without water closets 5L/H/Day 4 Schools with water closets 25L/H/Day 5 1 Livestock Unit 50L/Unit/Day 6 Business/commercial centres 1.5% of the domestic supply 7 Dispensaries & Health Centres 5000 L/day 8 Sub county hospitals 400L/Bed/Day 9 Administrative offices 25L/H/day 10 Agricultural use (Kitchen gardens) 5% of domestic supply 100 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 100 2017 - 2027 The following assumptions were made: • That there will be 10% loss of water in the system also known as Unaccounted For Water (UFW). • The number of livestock will grow by 30% over the next 1o years to at optimal count. • 5% of water will be used for kitchen gardening (mini-irrigation systems) i) Domestic Water Demand: The calculation of the domestic water demand was divided into rural and urban. The water demand for rural areas calculated at 60 litres per person per day while urban areas calculated at 150 litres per person per day. The design criteria envisaged 100% individual water connections to all the households by the year 2030. A further 5% of the total demand calculated was added to allow for small scale irrigation in the homesteads such as kitchen gardening. ii) Water demand for institutions: Demand for water in hospitals, health facilities, dispensaries, ECDs, primary, secondary and tertiary institutions was analysed. • For health centres and dispensaries, 5000 litres of water per day, and 400 litres per bed per day for sub county referral hospitals • 5 litres per person per day was assumed for day schools and 10 litres per person per day for boarding schools and tertiary institutions. The design figures are informed by use of non-flush toilets, but the figure is set to increase to 25 litres per person per day in the future demand. It is envisaged that the county will have improved water allocation and sanitation facilities to flush systems. iii) Water for livestock: Water requirements for the current population of livestock was factored in the demand analysis. Cows, sheep and goats were considered with an increase of 30% in the future demand. iii) Summary water demand the county Table 21: County Water Demand Cumulated water Current Water Demand Future Water Demand Ultimate Water Demand demand (M3/day)-2017 (M3/day)-2027 (M3/day)-2037 Urban domestic 52,567.40 69,286.29 96,375.00 water demand Rural domestic 34,307.14 44,493.96 57,705.54 water demand Livestock 9,870 14,568 21,500 Institutional water 4,430 8,313 14,131 demand Total Demand 101,175 136,660 189,712 The current (2017) total water demand for the county is calculated at 101,175 M3/day, future (2027) demand of 136,660 M3/day, and ultimate (2037) demand of 189,712 M3/day. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 101 2017 - 2027 The projection factors are that each household should be connected to clean water to be used for domestic and livestock production. The estimate will also cover the 5% water demand for agribusiness to cover kitchen gardens. The current water supply systems provides 3,896 M3/day out of the total design capacity of 14,336 M3/day representing an operation efficiency of 27%. These loses are caused by functional efficiency and other losses included non-accounted for water due to illegal connections. 9.3.3. Wastewater Management Wastewater disposal is still a major challenge within the county. Approximately 2.5km2 of the former Kericho municipality is served by a water-borne sewerage system comprising of sewer lines and a combined treatment plant. The sewer network comprises of approximately 12km of sewer lines of diameter varying in size from OD 315mm to OD 160mm. The sewerage system covers only the CBD and a few residential estates. Some health facilities, tea factories and multinational companies are also served with sewer lines and septic tanks whereas majority of the populace uses pit latrines. The urban centres within the county use pit latrines which poses a major hazard. Both KEWASCO and TILWASCO offer exhauster services to customers who have on-site sewerage facilities. Kericho Town Sewer comprises a piped reticulation network and a centralized Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) located within Kericho town. Approximately 5,000 connections are served by the network which has a design capacity of 990m3 per day, but the current average inflow is approximately 450m3/d. This alludes that the system is currently underutilized in the areas already served. This is the only existing system in the county with all other towns lacking a sewerage management system. Map 24 shows the extent of the sewerage system in the county. The county should consider expansion for the system in Kericho and utilizing the existing extra capacity by connecting more homes. New systems for major towns need to be planned as well to meet the current and future demands. Rehabilitation works of the sewerage treatment plant and sewer network extensions for Kericho town are ongoing under the LVWATSAN-II LTI Project. Further, detailed sewerage design documents for Londiani town have been developed under LVEMP II Project. 102 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 102 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 103 2017 - 2027 Map 24: Existing Sewer Coverage in Kericho County 104 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 104 2017 - 2027 Chapter 10 Social Services and Amenities KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 105 2017 - 2027 10.1. Overview Social services and amenities are an interdependent mix of facilities, geographic location, programs and networks that maintain and improve the standard of living in a community. They include health, education, sports, recreation, culture, security and other government services. 10.2. Health There are 218 health facilities in Kericho,154 are operational while the others are not. Of the 154 operational facilities 124 are public owned whereas 30 are managed and operated by private entities. The private entities include faith-based organizations, academic institutions, NGOs, private practitioners and multi-national companies. The operational facilities provide services as Level IV, Level III and Level II facilities. There are 14 Level IV facilities with 7 a-piece for both private and public. There are 11 public and 5 private Level III facilities while there are 106 and 18 Level II facilities for public and private respectively. However, the level of access in terms of geographic distribution and level of care, for all these facilities is not well understood and as such, the spatial analysis provides a measure of the geographic proximity of existing facilities in relation to population distribution and chooses the optimal facilities to be upgraded and the locations of new health facilities to bridge the deficit. This assessment addresses the proximity of the health facility to the people based on the standards by Ministry of Health and WHO. The standards recommend physical presence of the health services in not more than 5 km and services need to be available, functional and ready for use (MoH, 2013). This analysis provides a spatial (geographic) dimension by taking into consideration the following: i) Population centres (sub-locations and wards) ii) Road network configuration of the county iii) Location of existing and functional health facilities iv) Number of required facilities by 2027 The output of this analysis is a map showing the best locations of new facilities to maximize geographic coverage as well as meeting the required number of facilities by the population. Table 22 gives target populations, and overall number of physical infrastructure by level of care. 106 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 106 2017 - 2027 Table 22: Summary of Health facility operational standards (MoH, 2013) Basic Facility Primary Care Units standard Secondary Primary (Level Health Centre Dispensary Community (Level V) IV) hospital (Level III) (Level II) Units referral services services hospital Catchment 1,000,000 100,000 30,000 10,000 5,000 Population Medical Officers 38 13 0 0 0 and Specialists Clinical officers 95 70 12 2 1 Nurses and 842 251 35 8 2 Specialists Pharmacy Staff 21 14 5 1 0 Plaster staff 6 4 2 - - Rehabilitative 37 23 7 4 2 and clinical psychologist Dental staff 30 16 7 2 1 Diagnostics and 23 8 2 0 0 imaging Health promotion 14 10 6 3 3 and Social work Administrative 41 24 6 2 0 staff ICT 16 10 5 1 0 Medical 66 47 12 2 0 Engineering and Laboratory Nutrition 38 24 8 3 2 Environment and 4 4 4 3 21 Community Health Support staff 121 78 22 6 0 A more in-depth look into the categories of health facilities in the county are discussed in the following sections. 10.2.1. Primary Hospitals (Level IV) Primary hospitals with adequate facilities and resources for staff provided in Table 23 should have a catchment population of 100,000. Level IV is envisioned to at least handle one complicated delivery per day – a workload fair on the system and staff. Table 23 shows population projections and required Level IV facilities for the planning period 2017-2027. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 107 2017 - 2027 Table 23: Gap analysis (2017-2027) for Primary hospitals Name Population Trend Existing Current Required Current Deficit Facilities Demand Facilities Deficit (2027- (2017) (2017) (2027) 2017) (2017) 2009 2017 2027 A B C D (B-A) E(C-A) Kipkelion 106,872 133,293 175,687 1 1 2 0 1 East Kipkelion 98,054 122,295 161,191 2 1 2 -1 0 West Ainamoi 138,143 172,295 227,094 2 2 2 0 0 Bureti 164,907 205,676 271,091 2 2 3 0 1 Belgut 127,387 158,880 209,412 0 1 2 1 2 Soin/ 104,066 129,794 171,074 1 1 2 0 1 Sigowet Kericho 739,429 922,235 1,215,549 8 8 13 0 5 County Note: Negative values on the table imply oversupply Spatial analysis based on demographic patterns and existing infrastructure identified candidate facilities for upgrading as visualized in Table 24 and Map 25. Table 24: Candidate Level II and Level III facilities for upgrade to Level IV No Facility Name Ward 1 Kipsitet Dispensary Soin 2 Mugumoni Dispensary Tendeno/Sorget 3 Kamasega Dispensary Soliat 4 Kabianga Health Centre Kabianga 5 Cheborge Health Centre Cheboin 108 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 108 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 109 2017 - 2027 Map 25: Candidate facilities for upgrading to Level IV (2017 – 2027) 10.2.2. Health Centres (Level III) A Level III facility should exist for every 30,000 persons, allowing for at least 4 deliveries per day – a workload that is fair on the system and staff. Table 25 tabulates existing facilities in the various administrative units and deficit for the planning period 2017-2027. Table 25: Population Projection and gap analysis for health centres (2017-2027) Name Population Trend Existing Current Required Current Deficit Facilities Demand Facilities Deficit (2027- (2017) (2017) (2027) (2017) 2017) 2009 2017 2027 A B C D(B-A) E(C-A) Londiani 24,327 30,341 39,991 0 1 1 1 1 K e d o w a / 35,833 44,692 58,906 1 1 2 0 1 Kimugul Chepseon 35,826 44,683 58,894 1 1 2 0 1 Te n d e n o / 10,886 13,577 17,896 0 0 1 0 1 Sorget K i p ke l i o n 106,872 133,293 175,687 2 3 6 1 4 East Kunyak 21,665 27,021 35,615 0 1 1 1 1 Kamasian 19,979 24,918 32,844 1 1 1 0 0 Kipkelion 25,346 31,612 41,666 0 1 1 1 1 Chilchila 31,064 38,744 51,066 0 1 2 1 2 K i p ke l i o n 98,054 122,295 161,191 1 4 5 3 4 West Kapsoit 27,544 34,354 45,280 0 1 1 1 1 Ainamoi 17,371 21,666 28,556 0 1 1 1 1 Kapkuger- 25,878 32,276 42,541 1 1 1 0 0 wet Kipchebor 26,639 33,225 43,792 0 1 1 1 1 K i p c h i m - 11,670 14,555 19,184 0 0 0 0 0 chim Kapsaos 29,041 36,221 47,741 0 1 1 1 1 Ainamoi 138,143 172,295 227,094 1 5 5 4 4 Kisiara 21,232 26,481 34,903 0 1 1 1 1 Tebesonik 20,804 25,947 34,200 1 1 1 0 0 Cheboin 22,671 28,276 37,269 1 1 1 0 0 Chemosot 26,310 32,814 43,251 1 1 1 0 0 Litein 25,510 31,817 41,936 0 1 1 1 1 Cheplanget 26,802 33,428 44,060 0 1 1 1 1 Kapkatet 21,578 26,913 35,472 0 1 1 1 1 Bureti 164,907 205,676 271,091 3 7 7 4 4 Waldai 32,816 40,929 53,946 1 1 2 0 1 Kabianga 34,784 43,383 57,182 1 1 2 0 1 Cheptoror- 20,622 25,720 33,901 0 1 1 1 1 iet/Seretut Chaik 19,897 24,816 32,709 0 1 1 1 1 110 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 110 2017 - 2027 Kapsuser 19,268 24,032 31,675 0 1 1 1 1 Belgut 127,387 158,880 209,412 2 5 7 3 5 Sigowet 35,883 44,754 58,988 0 1 2 1 2 Kaplelartet 31,151 38,852 51,209 1 1 2 0 1 Soliat 16,015 19,974 26,327 0 0 1 0 1 Soin 21,017 26,213 34,550 0 1 1 1 1 S o i n / S i - 104,066 129,794 171,074 1 3 6 2 5 gowet K e r i c h o 739,429 922,235 1,215,549 10 27 36 17 26 County Considering the existing and required Level III facilities, Level II and Level III facilities should be upgraded to Level IV. Table 26 gives actual Level III facilities deficit for the planning period 2017-2027. Table 26: Gap Analysis (2017-2027) for health centres Name Existing Fa- Required U p g r a d e d Upgraded Facil- Level III Facilities cilities Facilities ities Deficit Facilities Level III & IV Level II&III Level III (2027-2017) (2017) Level III (2027) (2027) (2027) A B C D E{(B-A)+(D-C)} Kipkelion East 3 6 1 0 2 Kipkelion West 3 5 0 0 2 Ainamoi 3 5 0 0 2 Bureti 5 7 1 1 2 Belgut 2 7 1 1 5 Soin/Sigowet 2 6 2 0 2 Kericho County 18 36 5 2 15 From the spatial analysis, existing Level II facilities were identified as candidates for upgrade to level III. This is provided in Table 27 and Map 26. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 111 2017 - 2027 112 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 112 2017 - 2027 Map 26: Candidate Level II facilities for upgrade to Level III 2017-2027 Table 27: Candidate Level II facilities for Upgrade to Level III (2017-2027) No. Facility Name Ward 1 Tebesonik Dispensary Tebesonik 2 Chepkunyuk Dispensary Kunyak 3 Chepsir Dispensary Chepseon 4 Kaitui Dispensary Soliat 5 Kimugul Dispensary Kedowa/Kimugul 6 Kipsegi Dispensary Kamasian 7 Koitaburot Dispensary Soin 8 Manyoror Dispensary Kapsaos 9 Seretut Dispensary Cheptororiet/Seretut 10 Chebirbei Dispensary Kabianga 11 Kapsoit Dispensary Kapsoit 12 Kamwingi Dispensary Londiani 13 Segetet Dispensary Kipkelion 14 Burutu Dispensary Chilchila 15 Litein Dispensary Litein 10.2.3. Dispensaries (Level II) A level II facility should exist for every 10,000 persons - translating to an average of 30 dispensary visits per day for any services - and should be within 5 km of the target population and substituted rationally by mobile facilities where the population is sparse. From Table 28, the total number of existing functional public dispensaries in 2017 is 106. The number of new dispensaries required by 2027 based on population projections is 28. Table 28:Population and Gap analysis (2017-2027) for dispensaries Name Population Trend E x i s t - Current R e - Current D e f i c i t ing Fa- D e - quired Defic it (2027-2017) c i l i t ies m a n d F a c i l - (2017 (2017) (2017) i t i e s (2027) 2009 2017 2027 A B C D(B-A) E(C-A) Londiani 24,327 30,341 39,991 5 3 4 -2 -1 K e d o w a / 35,833 44,692 58,906 3 5 6 2 3 Kimugul Chepseon 35,826 44,683 58,894 5 5 6 0 1 T e n d e n o / 10,886 13,577 17,896 3 2 2 -1 -1 Sorget K i p k e l i o n 106,872 133,293 175,687 16 15 18 -1 2 East Kunyak 21,665 27,021 35,615 4 3 4 -1 0 Kamasian 19,979 24,918 32,844 2 3 4 1 2 Kipkelion 25,346 31,612 41,666 4 4 4 0 0 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 113 2017 - 2027 Chilchila 31,064 38,744 51,066 7 4 6 -3 -1 K i p k e l i o n 98,054 122,295 161,191 17 14 18 -3 1 West Kapsoit 27,544 34,354 45,280 4 4 5 0 1 Ainamoi 17,371 21,666 28,556 3 3 3 0 0 Kapkugerwet 25,878 32,276 42,541 0 4 5 4 5 Kipchebor 26,639 33,225 43,792 3 4 5 1 2 Kipchimchim 11,670 14,555 19,184 0 2 2 2 2 Kapsaos 29,041 36,221 47,741 2 4 5 2 3 Ainamoi 138,143 172,295 227,094 12 21 25 9 13 Kisiara 21,232 26,481 34,903 2 3 4 1 2 Tebesonik 20,804 25,947 34,200 6 3 4 -3 -2 Cheboin 22,671 28,276 37,269 4 3 4 -1 0 Chemosot 26,310 32,814 43,251 3 4 5 1 2 Litein 25,510 31,817 41,936 4 4 5 0 1 Cheplanget 26,802 33,428 44,060 2 4 5 2 3 Kapkatet 21,578 26,913 35,472 2 3 4 1 2 Bureti 164,907 205,676 271,091 23 24 31 1 8 Waldai 32,816 40,929 53,946 5 5 5 0 0 Kabianga 34,784 43,383 57,182 7 5 6 -2 -1 Cheptorori- 20,622 25,720 33,901 3 3 4 0 1 et/Seretut Chaik 19,897 24,816 32,709 0 3 4 3 4 Kapsuser 19,268 24,032 31,675 2 3 4 1 2 Belgut 127,387 158,880 209,412 17 19 23 2 6 Sigowet 35,883 44,754 58,988 6 5 6 -1 0 Kaplelartet 31,151 38,852 51,209 6 4 6 -2 0 Soliat 16,015 19,974 26,327 4 2 3 -2 -1 Soin 21,017 26,213 34,550 5 3 4 -2 -1 S o i n / S i - 104,066 129,794 171,074 21 14 19 -7 -2 gowet K e r i c h o 739,429 922,235 1,215,549 106 107 134 1 28 County Note: Negative values on the table implies oversupply Considering the existing and required Level IV and III facilities, Table 29 gives actual Level II facilities deficit for the planning period 2017-2027. 114 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 114 2017 - 2027 Table 29: Gap Analysis (2017-2027) for Dispensaries Name Existing Facilities Required Level III Facilities Deficit Level II, III & IV Facilities (2027-2017) (2017) Level II (2027) A B C(B-A) Kipkelion East 19 18 -1 Kipkelion West 20 18 -2 Ainamoi 15 25 10 Bureti 28 31 3 Belgut 19 23 4 Soin/Sigowet 23 19 - 4 Kericho County 124 134 10 From the spatial analysis, the number and distribution of dispensaries in the county is adequate. Table 30 and Map 27 shows the facilities that should operationalised as a matter of priority. Table 30: Priority facilities for operationalization (2017-2027) No. Facility Name Ward 1 Chepkosilen Dispensary Cheptororiet/Seretut 2 Kasheen Dispensary Kamasian 3 Kapsegut Dispensary Soliat 4 Nyalilbuch Dispensary Soin 5 Sitian Dispensary Kedowa/Kimugul 6 Kapsenda Dispensary Londiani 7 Gwitu Dispensary Londiani 8 Kimologit Dispensary Kipkelion 9 Kelunet Dispensary Waldai 10 Keben Dispensary Tebesonik 11 Butiik Dispensary Cheplanget KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 115 2017 - 2027 116 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 116 2017 - 2027 Map 27: Candidate Level II Facilities for Operationalization (2017-2027) 10.3. Education The Ministry of education records indicates that there are approximately 1,594 educational facilities in Kericho, of which, 158 are secondary schools, 583 primary schools, 781 ECDs, 9 special schools, 52 Adult Educations Centres, 15 Youth Polytechnnics, 1 University and several sattelite campuses and colleges (Ministry of Education, 2008) However the level of access in terms of geographic distribution for all these facilities is not well understood therefore the spatial analysis provides a measure of the geographic proximity of existing facilities in relation to population distribution and chooses the optimal facility to be upgraded and the optimal locations for new required facilities. Location of education amenities is essential in ensuring equitable distribution of educational facilities and access to basic education. Apart from location of these facilities, transport configuration as well population size and demands are factors that are put into consideration. Table 31 provides physical planning requirements of educational facilities in Kenya Table 31: Education Facilities Planning Standards; Physical Planning Handbook 2007 Level Catchment Population Walking Distance (Km) ECDs 4,000 0 - 0.5 Primary 4,000 0.5 - 2 Secondary 8,000 0.5-3 The planning requirement for educational facilities recommends the physical presence of the education facilities with the ranges stipulated in Table 29. This analysis provides a geographic dimension taking into consideration the following: i) Population centres (towns, sub-locations and wards). ii) Road network configuration of the county. iii) Location of existing functional educational facilities. i) Number of required facilities by 2027 The output of the analysis is a map showing the best locations of new facilities to maximize geographic coverage towards achieving the distance threshold as well as meeting the required number of facilities by the population. 10.3.1. Early Childhood Development Education Centres These are preparatory schools where children between 5-6 years are taught prior to joining primary schools. An ECD facility should exist for every 4,000 persons on average, with a walking distance of less than 0.5 km Table 32 and Map 28 shows existing functional public ECD centres. We traced and mapped 517 ECDs in 2017 with the projected number of ECDs required by 2027 based on population projections being 311. The current number exceeds the needs of the population by 279 and 206 for 2017 and 2027 respectively. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 117 2017 - 2027 118 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 118 2017 - 2027 Map 28: Distribution of ECDs in Kericho County Table 32: Gap analysis for ECDs at ward level Name Population Trend Existing Current Re- Current Deficit Facilities De- quired Deficit (2027- (2017) mand Facil- (2017) 2017) (2017) ities (2027) 2009 2017 2027 A B C D(B-A) E(C-A) Londiani 24,327 30,341 39,991 21 8 10 -13 -11 K e d o w a / 35,833 44,692 58,906 25 11 15 -14 -10 Kimugul Chepseon 35,826 44,683 58,894 29 11 15 -18 -14 Tendeno/ 10,886 13,577 17,896 12 4 5 -8 -7 Sorget Kipkelion 106,872 133,293 175,687 87 34 45 -53 -42 East Kunyak 21,665 27,021 35,615 13 9 9 -4 -4 Kamasian 19,979 24,918 32,844 15 6 8 -9 -7 Kipkelion 25,346 31,612 41,666 18 8 10 -10 -8 Chilchila 31,064 38,744 51,066 27 10 13 -17 -14 Kipkelion 98,054 122,295 161,191 73 33 40 -40 -33 West Kapsoit 27,544 34,354 45,280 20 9 12 -11 -8 Ainamoi 17,371 21,666 28,556 11 6 7 -5 -4 Kapkuger- 25,878 32,276 42,541 6 8 11 2 5 wet Kipchebor 26,639 33,225 43,792 7 9 11 2 4 K i p c h i m - 11,670 14,555 19,184 5 4 5 -1 0 chim Kapsaos 29,041 36,221 47,741 17 9 12 -8 -5 Ainamoi 138,143 172,295 227,094 66 45 58 -21 -8 Kisiara 21,232 26,481 34,903 18 7 9 -11 -9 Tebesonik 20,804 25,947 34,200 19 7 9 -12 -10 Cheboin 22,671 28,276 37,269 20 7 10 -13 -10 Chemosot 26,310 32,814 43,251 14 8 11 -6 -3 Litein 25,510 31,817 41,936 12 8 11 -4 -1 C h e p l a n - 26,802 33,428 44,060 20 9 11 -11 -9 get Kapkatet 21,578 26,913 35,472 12 7 9 -5 -3 Bureti 164,907 205,676 271,091 115 53 70 -62 -45 Waldai 32,816 40,929 53,946 14 10 14 -4 0 Kabianga 34,784 43,383 57,182 23 11 15 -12 -8 Cheptoror- 20,622 25,720 33,901 11 7 9 -4 -2 iet/Seretut Chaik 19,897 24,816 32,709 29 6 8 -23 -21 Kapsuser 19,268 24,032 31,675 12 6 8 -6 -4 Belgut 127,387 158,880 209,412 89 40 54 -49 -35 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 119 2017 - 2027 Sigowet 35,883 44,754 58,988 21 11 15 -10 -6 Kaplelartet 31,151 38,852 51,209 25 10 13 -15 -12 Soliat 16,015 19,974 26,327 14 5 7 -9 -7 Soin 21,017 26,213 34,550 27 7 9 -20 -18 S o i n / S i - 104,066 129,794 171,074 87 33 44 -54 -43 gowet K e r i c h o 739,429 922,235 1,215,549 517 238 311 -279 -206 County Note: Negative values on the table implies oversupply 10.3.2. Primary Schools A primary school is an establishment providing basic education for children age between 6-13 years. A primary school should exist for every 4,000 persons on average, with a walking distance of less than 2 km. We traced and mapped 424 functional public primary schools in 2017, the number of primary schools required by 2027 based on population projections being 311 therefore the number of facilities in excess of population needs of the county by 2027 is 113. Table 33 summarizes the analysis. Table 33: Gap analysis for primary schools (2017 – 2027) Name Population Trend Existing Current Re- Current Deficit Facilities Demand quired Deficit (2027- (2017) (2017) Facil- (2017) 2017) ities (2027) 2009 2017 2027 A B C D(B-A) E(C-A) Londiani 24,327 30,341 39,991 17 8 10 -9 -7 K e d o w a / 35,833 44,692 58,906 24 11 15 -13 -9 Kimugul Chepseon 35,826 44,683 58,894 23 11 15 -12 -8 Tendeno/ 10,886 13,577 17,896 12 4 5 -8 -7 Sorget Kipkelion 106,872 133,293 175,687 76 34 45 -42 -31 East Kunyak 21,665 27,021 35,615 13 9 9 -4 -4 Kamasian 19,979 24,918 32,844 15 6 8 -9 -7 Kipkelion 25,346 31,612 41,666 18 8 10 -10 -8 Chilchila 31,064 38,744 51,066 20 10 13 -10 -7 Kipkelion 98,054 122,295 161,191 66 33 40 -33 -26 West Kapsoit 27,544 34,354 45,280 19 9 12 -10 -7 Ainamoi 17,371 21,666 28,556 11 6 7 -5 -4 Kapkuger- 25,878 32,276 42,541 3 8 11 5 8 wet Kipchebor 26,639 33,225 43,792 9 9 11 0 2 120 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 120 2017 - 2027 K i p c h i m - 11,670 14,555 19,184 4 4 5 0 1 chim Kapsaos 29,041 36,221 47,741 15 9 12 -6 -3 Ainamoi 138,143 172,295 227,094 61 45 58 -16 -3 Kisiara 21,232 26,481 34,903 11 7 9 -4 -2 Tebesonik 20,804 25,947 34,200 14 7 9 -7 -5 Cheboin 22,671 28,276 37,269 12 7 10 -5 -2 Chemosot 26,310 32,814 43,251 13 8 11 -5 -2 Litein 25,510 31,817 41,936 11 8 11 -3 0 C h e p l a n - 26,802 33,428 44,060 11 9 11 -2 0 get Kapkatet 21,578 26,913 35,472 8 7 9 -1 1 Bureti 164,907 205,676 271,091 80 53 70 -27 -10 Waldai 32,816 40,929 53,946 13 10 14 -3 1 Kabianga 34,784 43,383 57,182 21 11 15 -10 -6 C h e p - 20,622 25,720 33,901 9 7 9 -2 0 t o r o r i e t / Seretut Chaik 19,897 24,816 32,709 11 6 8 -5 -3 Kapsuser 19,268 24,032 31,675 12 6 8 -6 -4 Belgut 127,387 158,880 209,412 66 40 54 -26 -12 Sigowet 35,883 44,754 58,988 18 11 15 -7 -3 Kaplelar- 31,151 38,852 51,209 21 10 13 -11 -8 tet Soliat 16,015 19,974 26,327 13 5 7 -8 -6 Soin 21,017 26,213 34,550 23 7 9 -16 -14 S o i n / S i - 104,066 129,794 171,074 75 33 44 -42 -31 gowet K e r i c h o 739,429 922,235 1,215,549 424 238 311 -186 -113 County Note: Negative values on the table implies oversupply KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 121 2017 - 2027 122 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 122 2017 - 2027 Map 29: Distribution of Primary Schools in Kericho County 10.3.3. Secondary Schools Secondary schools provide education for a period of four years to children who have completed primary school education and are of age 14-17 years. A secondary school should exist for every 8,000 persons on average, with a walking distance of less than 3km. We traced and mapped 146 functional public secondary schools as at 2017. The number of secondary schools required by 2027 based on population projections is 165 and therefore the number of new facilities required to meet population needs of the county by 2027 is 19. Table 34 summarizes the analysis. Table 34: Gap analysis secondary schools at ward level Name Population Trend Existing Current Re- Current Deficit Facilities Demand quired Deficit (2027- (2017) (2017) Facil- (2017) 2017) ities (2027) 2009 2017 2027 A B C D (B-A) E(C-A) Londiani 24,327 30,341 39,991 7 4 5 -3 -2 K e d o w a / 35,833 44,692 58,906 10 6 8 -4 -2 Kimugul Chepseon 35,826 44,683 58,894 5 6 8 1 3 Te n d e n o / 10,886 13,577 17,896 5 2 3 -3 -2 Sorget Kipkelion 106,872 133,293 175,687 27 18 24 -9 -3 East Kunyak 21,665 27,021 35,615 2 4 5 2 3 Kamasian 19,979 24,918 32,844 6 3 4 -3 -2 Kipkelion 25,346 31,612 41,666 8 4 5 -4 -3 Chilchila 31,064 38,744 51,066 6 5 7 -1 1 Kipkelion 98,054 122,295 161,191 22 16 21 -6 -1 West Kapsoit 27,544 34,354 45,280 3 5 6 2 3 Ainamoi 17,371 21,666 28,556 2 3 4 1 2 Kapkuger- 25,878 32,276 42,541 1 4 6 3 5 wet Kipchebor 26,639 33,225 43,792 8 4 6 -4 -2 K i p c h i m - 11,670 14,555 19,184 2 2 3 0 1 chim Kapsaos 29,041 36,221 47,741 2 5 6 3 4 Ainamoi 138,143 172,295 227,094 18 23 31 5 13 Kisiara 21,232 26,481 34,903 4 4 5 0 1 Tebesonik 20,804 25,947 34,200 7 4 5 -3 -2 Cheboin 22,671 28,276 37,269 9 4 5 -5 -4 Chemosot 26,310 32,814 43,251 6 4 6 -2 0 Litein 25,510 31,817 41,936 6 4 5 -2 -1 Cheplanget 26,802 33,428 44,060 9 5 6 -4 -3 Kapkatet 21,578 26,913 35,472 5 4 5 -1 0 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 123 2017 - 2027 Bureti 164,907 205,676 271,091 46 29 37 -17 -9 Waldai 32,816 40,929 53,946 6 5 7 -1 1 Kabianga 34,784 43,383 57,182 5 6 8 1 3 Cheptoror- 20,622 25,720 33,901 3 4 5 1 2 iet/Seretut Chaik 19,897 24,816 32,709 0 3 4 3 4 Kapsuser 19,268 24,032 31,675 4 3 4 -1 0 Belgut 127,387 158,880 209,412 18 21 28 3 10 Sigowet 35,883 44,754 58,988 6 6 8 0 2 Kaplelartet 31,151 38,852 51,209 4 5 7 1 3 Soliat 16,015 19,974 26,327 3 3 4 0 1 Soin 21,017 26,213 34,550 2 4 5 2 3 S o i n / S i - 104,066 129,794 171,074 15 18 24 3 9 gowet K e r i c h o 739,429 922,235 1,215,549 146 125 165 -21 19 County Note: Negative values on the table implies oversupply Table 35 and Map 30 shows optimal location of new secondary schools for the planning period 2017 – 2027. Table 35: List of Location of new secondary schools No. Sub-location Ward 1 Chepcholiet Chepseon 2 Kamasega Soliat 3 Kapkechebwai Soin 4 Lekwenyi Soliat 5 Simbi Soin 6 Kaplelach Soin 7 Mongojet Soliat 8 Kaptalamwa Soin 9 Kapsomboch Kaplelartet 10 Sigowet Sigowet 11 Ngoina Tebesonik 12 Kimugul Kedowa/Kimugul 13 Tingoro Kipkelion 14 Kutung Kamasian 15 Siwot Chilchila 16 Kokwet Chilchila 17 Kapkwen Kunyak 18 Timbilil Kunyak 19 Poiywek Ainamoi 124 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 124 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 125 2017 - 2027 Map 30: Distribution and location-allocation for Secondary Schools 10.3.4. Tertiary institutions and Special Needs Schools Kabianga University is highest institution of learning in the county. It has its main campus in Kabianga town and town campus within Kericho town. Other universities have their satellite campuses in Kericho and Kapkatet towns. There are over 20 technical training polytechnics, Teachers’, Bible and Medical colleges. Additionally, there are a few Special Needs schools in the county. These special needs schools train PWDs and orphans. Cheplanget Secondary School and the proposed Baek Girls School in Kapsuser are some of the secondary schools categorized as Special Needs Schools. Table 36 shows special and integrated schools in the county. Map 31 shows some of the tertiary and special needs institutions. Table 36: Special and Integrated Schools No. Name Level Type 1 Tonongoi Special Unit ECD Special 2 St. Kizitos Litein School For The ECD Special Deaf 3 Charera ECD Centre ECD Integrated 4 Chepkongony Special Unit Non-Formal Education Cen- Special tre 5 Kipkelion Special Sch Primary Special 6 Kedowa Special School For The Primary Special Deaf - Pri 7 Tendeno Pri Sch Primary Integrated 8 St. Kizitos Litein School For The Primary Special Deaf 9 Lelach Primary School Primary Integrated 10 Charera Primary Primary Integrated 11 Cheplanget Secondary School Secondary Special 12 St. Kizitos Vocational For Deaf Youth Polytechnic Special 126 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 126 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 127 2017 - 2027 Map 31: Tertiary and special needs institutions 10.4. Governance, Administration and Security 10.4.1. National Government Administrative units The county is composed of six sub-counties, 15 administrative divisions - which are further divided into 85 locations that are further sub-divided into 209 sub-locations as shown in Table 37 and Map 32. The national government is incharge of administration of the county with respect to provision of security, maintenance of peace and public order through: ii) The county commissioner who is also the chair of the county security and intelligence committee. The commissioner is also in charge of coordination of security matters in the county as well as the administration and implementation of national policies and development initiatives in the county. iii) The deputy commissioner and assistant commissioner are responsible for the coordination of security matters in the sub-county as well as administration and implementation of national policies and development initiatives by the national government in the sub-county (former district) level and wards (former division) level respectively. iv) The chiefs, assistant chiefs and village elders are responsible for the coordination of security matters as well as administration and implementation of national policies, development initiatives and maintenance of public order at location, sub-location and village levels respectively. Table 37: Administrative units from National Government Perspective Sub-Counties (District) Divisions No of Locations No of Sub Locations Kericho East Ainamoi 11 24 Kericho West Kabianga 12 27 Belgut Sigowet Sigowet 13 38 Soin Kipkelion West Kunyak 16 35 Chilchila Kamasian Kipkelion Kipkelion East Londiani 14 32 Sorget Chepseon Bureti Bureti 19 53 Roret Cheborge 6 15 85 209 The number of locations and sub-locations reported does not tally with number on the ground based on existing boundaries. 128 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 128 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 129 2017 - 2027 Map 32: National Administrative Units 10.4.2. County Administrative units The county government is in charge of administration of the county with respect to delivery of government services, implementation of county government policies and development through: • The county executive committee member in charge of public service management who supervises the administration and delivery of services and all decentralized units in the county. • The sub-county administrator, ward administrator and village administrator who are responsible for the coordination, management and supervision of the general administrative functions including: development of policies and plans, service delivery, development activities and the provision and maintenance of infrastructure and public service facilities at sub-county, ward and village level respectively. The county is composed of six sub-counties which coincide with the six constituency boundaries that are divided into 30 electoral wards as shown in Table 38 and Map 33. Table 38: County Administrative Units Constituency/Sub-coun- Wards No of Wards ties Ainamoi Kapsoit, Ainamoi, Kapkugerwet, Kipchebor, Kip- 6 chimchim, Kapsaos Belgut Waldai, Kabianga, Cheptororiet/Seretut, Chaik, 5 Kapsuser Kipkelion East Londiani, Kedowa/Kimugul, Chepseon, Tendeno/ 4 Sorget Kipkelion West Kunyak, Kamasian, Kipkelion, Chilchila 4 Bureti Kisiara, Tebesonik, Cheboin, Chemosot, Litein, 7 Cheplanget, Kapkatet Soin/Sigowet Sigowet, Kaplelartet, Soliat, Soin 4 Total 30 130 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 130 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 131 2017 - 2027 Map 33: County Administrative Units 10.4.3. Justice and Law Enforcement The county government in liaison with the national government provides security, maintains peace and law enforcement through various institutions as described. Map 34 shows the location of these facilities. i) Judiciary: Judiciary is mandated to deliver justice in line with the constitution and other laws. It is expected to resolve disputes in a just manner with a view to protecting the rights and liberties of all. Judiciary is organized in a hierarchy of courts which operates in two levels consisting of: a) Superior Courts: Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, High Court, Employment and Labour Relations Court and a court to hear matters concerning the Environment, and the use of, occupation of and title to land. b) Subordinate Courts: Magistrates’ Courts, Kadhis Courts, Court Martial, and any other court or local Tribunal established by an Act of Parliament Kericho County hosts a High Court, Employment and Labour court, Environment and Magistrates’ Courts. ii) The National Police Service: a) Kenya Police: The Kenya police is hierarchically structured through National Police Headquarters, The County Policing Authority, Police Divisions and Police stations. It is in charge of law enforcement. b) Administration Police: The  administration police  is commanded through a hierarchy separate from that of the Kenya Police through the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government and coordinated by the County Commissioners. Administration police is mostly in charge of provision of security and maintaining peace. Kenya Forestry Service and Kenya Wildlife Service: KFS and KWS are organized and coordinated through the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources whose mandate is to manage and conserve wildlife and forests. Kericho County host Kenya Forestry College in Londiani with Several stations around the Mau Forest complex. Kenya Wildlife Service has an office in Kericho which coordinates all the activities regarding wildlife conservation in the county. iii) Kenya Prisons: Kenya Prisons Service is a department in the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government. It contributes to public safety and security by ensuring there is safe custody of all persons who are lawfully committed to prison facilities, as well as facilitating the rehabilitation of custodial sentenced offenders. Kericho County hosts one prison in Kericho town. 132 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 132 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 133 2017 - 2027 Map 34: Justice and Law enforcement Locations 10.5. Culture, Sports and Recreation Kenya is well known internationally in sports, particularly in athletics. Sports in Kenya is played both professionally and as recreational physical activities. Kericho is home to Olympic winning long distance athletes and hosts  Zoo Kericho FC which is competing in the Kenyan Soccer Premier League and Kericho Rugby Club competing in the Kenya Rugby Nationwide League. Table 39 gives a general asssesment various recreation facilities in the county. Table 39: Assessment of recreation and sports facilities in the county. Facility  Type Location Remarks Kericho Green Sta- Stadium Kericho Town Functional, under refurbishments dium Kapkaket Stadium Stadium Kapkatet Town Under construction and redevelopment Other Stadiums Reserved Sigowet, Kipkelion, The spaces have been set aside but yet to Space be developed Londiani, Sosiot Chelimo Arbore- R e c r e - Kericho Town Functional, needs maintenance tum ation Chagaik Arboretum R e c r e - Kericho Town Functional, needs maintenance ation Uhuru Gardens R e c r e - Kericho Town Functional, needs maintenance ation Other major urban R e c r e - Sigowet, Kipkelion, Lond- Recreation spaces not well defined centres Recreation ation iani, Sosiot, Litein, Kabi- anga, Kapkatet, Kapsoit, Kipsitet, Fort Ternan, Ainamoi, Chepseon, Ke- dowa, Roret Kapkatet Museum Commu- Kapkatet Functional, need enhancement nity and Cultural Centres Social Halls and ICT Commu- Londiani, Kipkelion, Ker- Functional, Mostly administrative, re- Centre nity and icho, quires reinvention. Cultural Centres Litein, Sosiot, Kipsitet In other urban centres, sport facilities have not been developed and recreation spaces are non-existent though in some towns land is available for these facilities as shown in Map 35. 134 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 134 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 135 2017 - 2027 Map 35: Sports and Cultural facilities 136 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 136 2017 - 2027 Chapter 11 Environment and Natural Resources KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 137 2017 - 2027 11.1. Environment Mau forest which is considered Kenya’s largest water catchment area lies in the county. The forest gives rise to major rivers which serve Kericho county and many other counties downstream in the Lake Victoria Basin. Climate change and environmental degradation caused by increased human activities pose a great threat to the water tower. This section provides a synopsis of environmental issues in the county. 11.2. Natural Environment i) Climate Change The major causes of climate change are known to be human driven with greenhouse gas emission being the greatest contributor. Climate change and climate variability impacts are evident in the county and have negative effects to the sustainability of county development. Increased incidences of heavy rains have a negative effect on county access roads increasing the costs of construction and maintenance. Increasing temperatures have made some areas known to be non-malarial zones to have malaria outbreaks. Shortened growing periods and increased dry spells due to erratic rains have become frequent posing challenges to agriculture and livestock development. High frequency of drought recurrence, frost bites, hailstorms and drying springs are some other challenges the county is facing due to climate change. Other challenges especially in highly degraded hilly areas are landslides and mudslides. ii) Environmental Degradation Environmental degradation in the county is caused by an increase in the number of tea and coffee factories, population pressure on available land including water catchment areas and hilltops, rural-urban migration, unplanned and uncontrolled settlements, ineffective enforcement of environmental policies and laws, inefficient solid waste management and lack of awareness on environmental issues. The county has several degraded hilltops especially in the Nyando basin (covering Kipkelion East, Kipkelion West and Soin Sigowet sub-counties). The wetlands available in the county have problems of ownership and uncertainty thus causing encroachment and sub-segment destruction. Tionosoyiet wetland along Kericho town-Nyagacho road and Daraja-Sita wetland in Kapkatet are the most affected by car-washing activities. Kuje wetland in Chemamul area has been degraded by overgrazing and farming within the wetland. In many incidences, river banks are encroached by individual farmers to an extent of collapsing the banks. Few industries - mainly tea factories - have incorporated environmental costs in their management practices with regards to pollution, emission control and waste management. Packaging materials used in industries e.g. polythene bags and plastics are unfriendly to environment. The recent ban of use of plastic carriers/bags by NEMA has eased the hitherto challenge of handling waste plastic paper especially in urban centres which was to blocking storm drains and breeding places for disease vectors. Over reliance on wood fuel is one of the major contributors of environmental degradation which deplete the forest cover. 80% of residents in Kericho county rely on wood fuel for cooking while 14.4 % use charcoal. Tree-felling exposes the soil hence susceptible to soil erosion during the rainy season. 138 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 138 2017 - 2027 iii) Effects of Environmental Degradation Environment degradation in the county has contributed to loss of biodiversity, floods - especially in towns and low lands - destruction of habitats along river basins, drying up of springs and poor harvest due to loss of soil fertility. It has also led to diminishing health and sanitation standards as a result of environmental pollution. Shorter seasons both for March-April- May rain season and October-November-December rain season have been observed lately with very late onsets and early end to the season being a normal experience. Incidences of very heavy rainfall and long dry spells, during two rainfall seasons are also common with crop failures in Soin area being prevalent. Water levels in rivers during droughts are very low due to longer dry spells and degradation in the rivers’ catchments. In the hilly areas of Kipkelion, landslide and mudslide occurrences have also been on the rise with Leriswo and Barsiele being landslide risk areas. Map 36 shows various environmental resources Kericho county. 11.3. Solid Waste management Waste disposal is still a major challenge in most urban centres in Kericho county. Kericho town which is the largest town in the county is estimated to be generating 90 tonnes of garbage daily and Litein town on the other hand generates over 6.4 tonnes daily. The dumping site in Kericho town is due for relocation since it has been utilized fully and a contributing factor to the roadside waste disposal practices leading to environmental and public health concerns as well as blockage of drainage channels. Kapkatet dumpsite which also partly serves as a public cemetery need to be relocated to appropriate site owing environmental and public health concerns. The existing dumpsites which include Kericho, Sondu, Londiani and Litein need improvement. A study carried out by World Bank indicated that Kericho and Litein towns is projected to generate 3.4 Million and 0.17 Million tons of garbage in the next 30 years of which 1million and 0.5 million tons will have to be landfilled respectively as indicated in the Table 40. Suitable sites need to be identified and developed for landfilling wastes in these major urban centers. Table 40: Waste Generation in Kericho and Litein Towns Final Disposal Percentage of Total Waste Methods Generated (MT) Waste Kericho Town Litein Town Composting 10 348,243 17,311 Refuse Derived Fuel 30 104,4728 51,931 (RDF) Recyclables 5 174,122 8,656 Evaporation Loss 25 870,607 43,276 Sanitary landfill 30 104,4728 51,931 Total 100 3,482,426 173,103 Source: Ministry of Lands, Housing and Physical Planning (MLHUD), 2016. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 139 2017 - 2027 The county has been zoned into 14 garbage collection service zones where 10 zones have been outsourced and the remaining zones which cover mainly Kericho town’s central business district (CBD) are served by the county using its own equipment and machinery. The towns also require adequate litter bins and land for the development of waste transfer stations or collection centres as well as law enforcement mechanisms to control indiscriminate solid waste. Close to 50-acre piece of land is required for the development of a new landfill facility. Kipsitet landfill site has been identified as the most suitable owing to the land requirement and environmental considerations. 140 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 140 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part ii 141 2017 - 2027 Map 36: Environment 142 Part ii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 142 2017 - 2027 Part III Synthesis KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 143 2017 - 2027 144 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 144 2017 - 2027 Chapter 12 Synthesis of Problems and Development Opportunities This chapter is an eye opener to key resource potential zones which offer strategic and significant development opportunities for the county. It presents a critical assessment of sectoral issues and offers development alternatives to address key needs of the people. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 145 2017 - 2027 12.1. Introduction Kericho county is encompassed with a pool of resources and assets that present a myriad of development opportunities. These aspects have been identified and analysed through the planning process and have gone a long way to inform strategic positions that are to be discussed. Assessment of the same is the key component of this chapter which will later frame the development aspirations of the county. 12.2. Planning Zones: Resource Potential Zones The various resources, assets and opportunities that Kericho is endowed with are the backbone of the development for the county. Sustainable utilization of these aspects will result in balanced development and growth which is fundamental as prioritized in the Vision 2030 and NSP. These resources go beyond spatial features and include human resource, fiscal exchange among other dynamics. However, the CSP anticipates scenarios where the broad planning zones affect all other resource potential sectors across the spectrum due to linkages, cycles and relationships encompassed within typical society. The six major planning zones include; High Agricultural Potential Zone 1, High Agricultural Potential Zone 2, Medium Agricultural Potential Zone,Environmental Conservation areas, Urban Growth Areas and Industrial and Manufacturing Areas. 12.2.1. Agricultural Potential Zones Agriculture is the main resource for the economy of Kericho county. It is potent across the County due to the richness of the county in light of the various geographic, soil and climatic characteristics. Various crops have high potential in different parts of the County and zones as shown in Map 37. i) High Potential Zone 1 This zone covers the southern part of the county comprising the whole of Belgut and Bureti sub-counties and parts of Ainamoi and Soin/Sigowet sub-counties. The zone exhibits the following characteristics: nitisols, phaeozems and cambisols types of soils with pH of between 4.5 - 5.5 that favour tea and maize farming. The zone receives high rainfall distribution of annual mean between 1200mm and 1800mm. These characteristics also favour dairy and horticultural farming. ii) High Potential Zone 2 This zone covers the northern part of the County comprising Kipkelion east and west sub-counties. The zone is characterised by nitisols, planosols, andosols and acrisols type of soils with pH of 5.5 - 7. Rainfall is moderate in this zone with annual mean between 800mm and 1200mm favouring cereal, coffee and potato farming. The conditions also favour rearing of dairy cows, sheep and presents an opportunity for horticulture. iii) Medium Potential Zone The zone covers the western side comprising of parts of Soin/Sigowet and Kipkelion west sub-counties. The area is characterised by cambisols, solonetz, luvisols and fluvisols types of soils mainly formed from sedimentation processes with soil pH of between 5.5 and 8. 146 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 146 2017 - 2027 Rainfall is relatively low registering an annual mean of 800mm - 1000mm compared to other parts of the county and therefore is a zone favouring marginal sugarcane growing and other drought resistant crops such as sweet potatoes, millet and free-range cattle keeping. Irrigation may be carried out as a potential agricultural prospect in the drier areas of Kapsorok and Kipsitet where the slope is favourable. a) Crop Production Zones i) Tea Zones Tea is the main cash crop in the county grown both in large scale by the Multi-National Tea Companies and in small scale by the local farmers. Tea areas occupies approximately 20% of the county land available for human activities. The zone dominates the central, southern and south eastern parts of the County ii) Coffee zones Coffee is the second most important cash crop in the county after tea occupying about 2,893 Ha. It is grown in about 15 administrative wards but is well established in Kipkelion west sub-county which contributes 88.5% of the total area under coffee. Table 41: County Coffee Statistics adopted from the Department of Agriculture Sub-county Number of tress per variety Area (Ha.) Total Cherry No. of Ruiru Batian Indigeneous Prod. (Kg.) Variety Trees Kipkeion West 625,163 200,373 3,013,847 2,630.13 3,452,003 2,861,289 Bureti 189,574 28,405 24,840 109.53 297,396 263,114 Ainamoi 77,534 38,399 42,814 83.53 27,118 75,097 Kipkelion East 23,628 25,173 18,030 36.31 63,959 43,348 Soin-Sigowet 25,131 1,401 21,374 26.92 84,938 37,095 Belgut 11,175 2,313 1,814 7.05 8,548 8,491 Total 952,205 296,064 3,122,719 2,893.5 3,933,962 3,288,434 iii) Sugar cane zones Sugarcane-growing in the county has been declining over time mainly due to low yields occassioned by poor quality seed cane, poor disease management and delayed harvesting. This has made farmers within the county to substitute the crop with other crops.Sugarcane belts are found in the lower parts of Soin/Sigowet sub-county and Kipkelion west grown both in large scale in the estates and small scale by small land holders. These zones need better management to ensure improved yields to farmers. The physiographic conditions are best. iv) Mixed crops The county is endowed with good physiographic conditions that favours cultivation of a variety of crops. Basically, small scale farmers in the county engage in intensive mixed crop farming. Table 42 shows crop production during the two rainy seasons in 2016 experienced in the county among small scale farmers. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 147 2017 - 2027 148 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 148 2017 - 2027 Map 37: Agricultural Potential Zones Table 42: Crop Production in 2016 in Kericho County YEAR 2016 YEAR 2016 YEAR 2016 CROP LONG RAINS SHORT RAINS TOTAL   Target Achieved Quantity Target Achieved Quantity Achieved Quantity Area (Ha) Area (Ha) (Ton) Area (Ha) Area (Ha) (Ton) Area (Ha) (Ton) Maize 40,200 37,540 121,832.7 1,250 546 0 38,086 1,353,697 Beans 20,600 16,018 10,341.45 3,100 3,177 2,454.75 19,195 142,180 Sorghum 930 847 1,332.36 0 0 0 847 14,804 Finger millet 710 586 542.52 0 0 0 586 6,028 Irish pota- toes 415 357 5,651.14 215 169 1381.93 526 63,937 Sweet pota- toes 134 120 1,715.45 110 140 1,224.85 260 26,730 Coffee - -   - - - 3,600 18,000 Tea - -   - - - 21,020 210,200 Sugarcane - -   - - - 7,343 220,290 b) Livestock Development Zones i) Dairy Development zones Dairy farming is well established in most parts within the county as an economic activity. Statistics from the county department of agriculture indicate that there were 270, 959 grade animals producing 180 million litres of milk annually. This implies, the average yield is 5 litres per cow against a potential yield of 15 litres under semi-intensive production system (Odoyo, 2015). The suitability analysis for dairy farming showed that 68 percent of county land is moderately suitable where natural factors form the basis for analysis. This means with better farming practices and adoption of modern technologies, the yield can be improved even further. The zones that have potential for dairy development cut across most parts of the county with Belgut, Bureti and Kipkelion East sub-counties already having set the pace by being the dominant dairy zones in the County. ii) Sheep, goat meat and beef production potential zones Rearing of sheep, goats and cattle for beef in the county is traced back to the way of living of the Kipsigis people who are the majority settlers in Kericho county and were predominantly a pastoralist community. Currently exotic breeds are predominantly reared in Kipkelion East sub-county, whereas indigenous breeds are reared in Soin/ Sigowet and lower parts of Ainamoi sub-county. 12.2.2. Environmental Conservation Areas Environment and natural resources are valuable assets that must be sustainably utilized by the current and future generations. The natural resources include forests, surface and ground water, air, sunlight and minerals while the environment is the totality of the KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 149 2017 - 2027 surrounding including the physical features. The status of environment in the county is threatened by unsustainable land uses and drastic effects of climate change. Nonetheless, the environment and natural resources offer a wide range of benefits and opportunities for the county and national economic development. Map 38 illustrates environmental assets Kericho county has. These resources ought to be protected and conserved to ensure sustainable utilisation. Proper management mechanisms should be deployed on the critical environmental areas. i) Natural and Planted Forests The county is endowed with natural and planted forests. Some forests adopt agro-forestry development systems as well as restricted systems. The restricted forests depict more indigenous character and are hence protected from any exploitation. These resources have mostly been zoned out and gazetted. However, the initiatives to restore the forests seem to be ineffective calling for better structures to be put in place for enhanced conservation. ii) Water Towers The Mau Forest Complex entailing a number of forests is a critical resource impacting the entire Lake Basin Region. The water tower impacts an entire ecosystem that is the backbone of sustainable development. This ecosystem in turn inspires a myriad of environmental and economic possibilities that may be harnessed. iii) Riparian Corridors and Drainage Basins These are key resource belts that affect development not only at the source but also along the courses. The Sondu and Nyando drainage basins has several rivers that run through from the Mau water towers to the Lake Victoria. The rivers have experienced substantial water reduction while some of the tributaries have dried up all together due to poor management efforts. The Nyando river basin is the most affected including Kipchorian river amongst others. Farming activities along the riparian corridors largely accounts to the negative impacts being experienced. This calls for zoning out such environmentally sensitive areas and employing serious conservation measures specifically for riparian areas to rejuvenate and conserve them. The riparian area recommended for conservation of most rivers is about 30m from the highest watermark. However, this is subject to review when planning these ESAs depending with the use of the abutting area, i.e. urban or rural land uses. The riparian belts in urban areas can be scaled between 2m - 30m as deemed relevant and on a case by case basis. iv) Steep Areas These are areas with a slope of 25% and above. These areas are not within developable limits. However, conservation should be done in such areas to ensure protection of soils and its functions within the ecosystem. Such areas within the county include: Kunyak and several parts of Kipkelion, Chebulu and several parts of Sigowet areas as well as some areas within the Western Mau forest. 150 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 150 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 151 2017 - 2027 Map 38: Environment and Conservation 12.2.3. Urban Growth Areas Development opportunities pose potential for growth of urban areas as demand for services and other urban goods increase. However, in most cases this growth is unanticipated resulting in urban sprawl which counters positive urban development. This section discusses growth scenarios anticipated within various urban contexts in the County. Map 39 illustrates potential urban growth areas in the County. i) Intra-Connective Urban Growth Urbanization in the county is advancing gradually due to devolution effects being realized country wide. The pattern of urban growth occurs on axial basis, i.e., along major transit routes as illustrated in Figure 26. Figure 26: Axial Development Illustration The Kericho-Brooke-Kipchimchim-Ainamoi-Kapsoit-Kapsuser belt has been zoned out as the Kericho Municipality. This zone is experiencing growth in urban development due to strong inter-dependent forces between economic and residential functions. Litein has also been granted charter for the status of municipality due to the increased population and consequent need for spill over of urban services and utilities. The major axial routes within the county have spurred and shaped development to a great extent especially settlements. Assessment on human settlements denotes that growth of most service centres, urban and rural, have been significantly impacted by transit corridors. Linear and junction towns are the most common across the county. Further, the anticipated SGR line is bound to influence growth of the service centres where transit stations will be located. 152 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 152 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 153 2017 - 2027 Map 39: Potential Urban Growth Areas ii) Other Potential Growth Areas and Proposed Extents Most of the major urban centres exhibiting distinct and dominant characteristics are flourishing economically hence a gradual but notable growth of the urban extents. Kipkelion is anticipated to undergo gradual economic revival due to the potential it holds with regards to the local economic and infrastructural resources. Kapsorok is also a major potential urban centre along the Sondu-Kipsitet route. It holds central significance to the Soin-Sigowet zone. Further, for the sake of balanced development, Kapsorok area needs a central service town that can cater to needs of the people around. This will reduce marginalization and pull the people closer with an intent to open up opportunities for locals. Further, it will enhance capitalization on the linkages which Kapsorok has with other major towns through transit corridors. The same applies to Mtaragon, a proposed growth node for balancing development in the northern part of Kipkelion West sub- county. Sondu is also expected to be a key growth area due to the proposed SGR terminus and consequent operations. 12.2.4. Manufacturing, Processing and Other Industrial Zones The National Spatial Plan envisions Kericho as a food basket in the national context while the Vision 2030 looks at development from an industrialization point of view. Kericho envisions itself to solidify its economic prowess through industrialization across the board. Consequently, industrialization enables ripple effects in other socio-economic sectors including creation of employment and improved service provision. Map 44 indicates potential industrial development areas. i) Agro-based Industrial Agglomeration Value addition and marketing is a major economic gap that is amiss. Production is consistent for most agricultural produce. However, establishing reliable markets for the produce has proved a major challenge and consequently the processing of such produce is left only to a few enabled investors including parastatals and private companies within the greater region. Establishing and zoning out agro-based light and medium industries and agglomerating them, i.e., abutting terminuses will be a key incentive towards improved production. Also, costs of production will be lower and localized hence circulation of profits realized within the county. Kipkelion town has the potential for optimal location of such agro-based industries considering its centrality within the food basket areas. Roret town is also an optimal location for medium industries including horticultural, dairy and cash crop. ii) Manufacturing Industrial Zone Most of the heavy industrial establishments at Kipsitet area entail steel, cement and power generation industries. The national and county governments have planned to further expand this area into an industrial park to incentivise processing and manufacturing. About 30 companies have already expressed interest in locating of their establishment in this area and the belt anticipates more. Zoning out of the area is key for environmental reasons as well as to plan for settlements and service provision. 154 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 154 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 155 2017 - 2027 Map 40: Proposed Industrial Belts iii) Other Industrial Estates Pockets of industrial establishments within urban and rural set-ups are evident. Location of industrial establishments along key link roads and rail infrastructure is critical to ease trasnportation of raw materials and finished products. The Kenya Industrial Estates (KIE), as well as Small-Medium Industries (SMIs) have so far been allocated land in Kericho town abutting the commercial development area, as well as in Litein town. Activities may range from partial processing and packaging for value addition among light industries to complete and intensify processing activities for particular produce. iv) Geological Resource Belts Quarries and extensive construction burrow pits are critical resources of economic and infrastructural significance respectively. The quarries and pits should be zoned out and subjected to development control measures as well as conservation to mitigate negative health and environmental impacts. This applies to sand pits and brick-making areas as well based in Kedowa, Roret areas. 12.3. Framing Sectoral Needs and Interpretation This section outlines general assessment drawn from the aforementioned resources and assets within the County. It also establishes a framework to exploit opportunities and manage constraints to enhance development. 12.4. Land Suitability Assessment for Agriculture Land suitability analysis for agriculture was done to optimize agricultural production within the county. This was done for various crops grown in the county in order to optimize agricultural production. Emphasis was put on food crops in line with what the stakeholders of the county envisioned , that is, to be a food secure county by the year 2027. The same was also done for livestock and fisheries. The suitability analysis yielded results of different qualities of land that were classified as most suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable,least suitable and restricted areas. The county covers 2,569km2 of land. The land cover was broadly classified as: agricultural land (small scale and large-scale agriculture), forest cover (natural and planted), built-up areas (urban centres), wetlands, and physical infrastructure (roads and rail line). Analysis was done on the agricultural land with the rest of the cover being categorized as restricted land use. The total suitable land was at 67 percent while 33 percent was restricted for any agricultural activity due to its current use. Agricultural land was categorized as suitable whereas urban footprints, gazetted forests, large scale tea, coffee plantations,sugarcane plantations, wetlands and all land under physical infrastructure as restricted. Table 43: Suitability assessment for various crops and livestock in the County below shows suitability assessment for various crops and livestock. 156 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 156 2017 - 2027 Table 43: Suitability assessment for various crops and livestock in the County Percentage Suitable Area Crop/Livestock Most Suitable M o d e r a t e l y M a r g i n a l - Total Area Suitable (%) Suitable (%) ly Suitable (%) (%) Industrial Crops Tea 23 21 23 67 Coffee 16 33 18 67 Sugarcane 15 50 2 67 Pyrethrum - - - - Food Crops Maize 10 53 4 67 Irish Potato 10 53 4 67 Sweet Potato 31 36 - 67 Sorghum 6 59 2 67 Pineapples 25 38 4 67 Bananas 22 43 2 67 Wheat 1 39 27 Livestock Dairy Cattle 17 47 3 67 Sheep & Goats 11 49 7 67 Poultry 10 52 5 67 Dual Purpose Cattle 24 40 3 67 12.5. Human Settlements Assessment Current trends in human settlement both in the rural and urban contexts, occur in linear pattern for most centres in Kericho county. This is mainly along transit routes linking service centres. Nucleated settlements are common in junction /market set ups. Further, most of the settlements exhibit paucity of services and utilities that should otherwise be provided as stipulated within the Urban Areas and Cities Act 2011. To address this phenomenon, establishing a rank/hierarchy of these settlements with regards to population is key. The hierarchy in turn informs the levels of services required in each category of settlement. Table 44 and Table 45 below highlights the current and expected hierarchy of settlements in the county respectively. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 157 2017 - 2027 Table 44: Current Service Centres; Source: GeoMaestro 2017 County Municipality Towns Market Centres Rural Centres Kericho Kericho Sondu Barsiele Tegat Kipsirichet Litein Kipkelion Kipchimchim Cheborge Kokwet Kabianga Kedowa Torsogek Chebirbei Sosiot Kapmasu Simbi Chepkemel Sigowet Kiptere Iraa Kiplalmat Chepseon Roret Kalyongwet Lelu Londiani Gilimori Soliat Mtaragon Kapkatet Hill-Tee Maili~Nne Kebeneti Brooke Kamwingi~1 Tuiyobei Seretut Fort-Ternan Kamwingi~2 Cheptuiyet Sosit Kebeneti Mindililwet Chemoiwa Chepsir Kapsaos Cheboin Soko-Huru Tendwet Cheplanget Kapsorok Buchenge Kipsolu Kenegut Kapseger Kimugul Kasheen Kaptenet Tepkutwet Mugumoini Jagoror Kaylet Tebesonik Akwai Kajeliba Chemosit Kapcheplanga Cherara Ngoina Lemotit Kapkelek Kipsitet Gwitu Chepngetuny Sachang’wan Taplotin Londiani-junction Simboiyon Kapchebangoror Kipwastuiyo Miti Tatu Kaitui Chepcholiet Kamaget Ainamoi Kiptewit Murao Bagoiyot Ndubusat Kibugat Nyairobi Londiani-Farmers 158 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 158 2017 - 2027 Table 45: Projected hierarchy of settlements, 2027 County Municipality Towns Market Centres Rural Centres Kericho Kericho Sondu Barsiele Tegat Kipsirichet Litein Kipkelion Kipchimchim Cheborge Kokwet Kabianga Kedowa Torsogek Chebirbei Sosiot Kapmasu Simbi Chepkemel Sigowet Kiptere Iraa Kiplalmat Chepseon Gilimori Kalyongwet Lelu Londiani Hill-Tee Soliat Kebeneti Kapkatet Kamwingi~1 Maili~Nne Seretut Brooke Kamwingi~2 Tuiyobei Sosit Fort-Ternan Kebeneti Cheptuiyet Chemoiwa Roret Chepsir Mindililwet Cheboin Ainamoi Soko-Huru Kapsaos Cheplanget Kapsorok Kenegut Tendwet Kipsolu Mtaragon Kasheen Buchenge Kimugul Kipisitet Mugumoini Kapseger Tepkutwet Tebesonik Kaptenet Kaylet Chemosit Jagoror Kajeliba Ngoina Akwai Cherara Londiani - junc- Kapcheplanga Kapkelek tion Lemotit Chepngetuny Kipwastuiyo Gwitu Taplotin Sachang’wan Kapchebangoror Simboiyon Kaitui Miti Tatu Kamaget Londiani-Farmers Murao Chepcholiet Ndubusat Kiptewit Nyarobi Bagoiyot Kibugat KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 159 2017 - 2027 Population is key in informing service provision within settlements. A population census is expected in the year 2019 and this will be helpful in determining accurate population data for such settlements. Table 46 is an illustration of population considerations entailed in classifying settlements. Kericho and Litein are classified as municipalities owing to the population of over 100,000 whereas Kipkelion and Londiani are classified as towns. Urban Area Urban Population (Urban & Peri-Urban) 2009 2017 2027 Kericho 101,808 150,700 223,072 Litein 78,622 116,379 172,269 Kipkelion 46,760 69,216 102,456 Londiani 43,152 68,875 101,951 12.6. Economic Development Assessments The main economic mainstay of the county is agriculture related activities contributing about 60% of the county’s GDP. This sector is dominated by the main cash crops and food crops including tea, coffee, sugarcane, maize and dairy produce. The economic gains are both direct and indirect in relation to profits and employment factors respectively realized throughout the value chains. With regards to employment, the formal sector is mainly anchored in Kericho town which acts as both the county headquarters and the main commercial hub. With the benefits of agglomeration, Kericho town edges out the other towns within the county to place itself in competition with other regional towns such as Kisii, Narok and Kakamega. The formal sector is dominated by banking and financial businesses, retail shops, distributors, shopping malls, entertainment spots, restaurants and light industrial activities. Litein is fast developing as a major commercial hub as well as Sondu, Chepseon, Londiani, Kapkatet among others. In the informal sector, 70% of informal employment is in the rural areas which supports most of the self-employed persons and those farming (CEAP, 2015) Within the urban areas, welding, garages, carpentry and metal works form the largest share of the informal industries. All these is what is mostly regarded to as the jua kali sector which provides an alternative form of employment. This sector is not fully developed as it is still done in small scale. Mining and quarrying sector is picking up gradually as an economic activity within the county. Kericho county has a high potential of natural stones especially in Kedowa. Sand and murram harvesting is predominant in Ainamoi, Belgut and Bureti. There is also potential of bauxite mineral in Ainamoi location, a mineral used in the manufacturing of cement. (CGK, 2013). The tourism sector has not been fully exploited but the county is working on reviving activities and rehabilitating around 10 tourist attraction sites including Fort Ternan museum, Tagabi Monkey Sanctuary, Chebulu conservancy, Tulwap Kipsigis, Chagaik arboretum, and Kapkatet Museum. Agro-tourism is a potential for the county as it prides itself as an agricultural county. Other opportunities exist for the economic sector within the county including: 160 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 160 2017 - 2027 • Strategic location of Kericho county in relation to major markets in its regional context, that is, Nakuru and Kisumu • Existing retail markets and proposed agricultural produce markets within service centres • Proposed Standard Gauge Railway with a terminus at Sondu which opens up the county to regional markets • Prospects to establish value-addition industries • Availability of raw materials to boost and formalize the mining & quarrying industry 12.7. Urbanization and Urban Land requirement Assessment Globally, the world is gradually urbanizing. Consequently, it is projected that by 2050, 50% of the world shall have urbanized fully. In Kenya, the average growth rate of urban areas cumulatively is at about 3.3%. The previous population census conducted in 2009 shows that the Kenya urban population accounted for 31.3 % of Kenya’s population. Contextually, the urban population of Kericho County constitutes about 285,789 persons, which is 38% of its populace (KNOEMA, 2009). The main factors that spur urbanization are socio-economic activities, political factors as well as infrastructural development. Urban growth may occur as new towns as well as through urban sprawl in existing urban centres. In both cases urban land demand should be determined in order to enhance development control. This is fundamental for purposes of protecting the much resourceful peripheral land where rural development activities take place. Most of the towns in Kericho county have local physical development plans to guide development. However, from the existing situation and development trend analysis, some towns have outgrown the planned urban extents and hence need review. The urban growth has to be streamlined together with anticipated growth in order to achieve an objective review of the existing PDPs. Ultimately, the PDPs will be instrumental in controlling urban growth and informing the relevant infrastructure to expand or establish in tandem with needs. Table 47 shows case by case urban land demand scenarios for major urban centres. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 161 2017 - 2027 Table 47: Urban Land Demand Assessment Urban Centres Existing Land Projected Land De- Total Land Total Land Allocat- (Ha) 2017 mand Deficit (Ha) Projections (Ha) ed (Structure Plan) 2027 Kericho 1961 301 2262 2262 Sondu 90.8 13.94 104.74 111.6 Litein 114 17.5 131.5 133 Londiani 125.8 Nil 125.8 125.8 Kipkelion 49.8 Nil 49.8 49.8 Roret 17 2.61 19.61 19.6 Kapkatet 75 11.5 86.5 107 Sosiot 25.4 3.9 29.3 29.3 Kabianga 84 12.9 96.9 98.2 Kapsoit 50.1 7.7 57.8 57.8 Kipsitet 13.72 2.11 15.83 17.6 Kipchimchim 11.6 1.8 13.4 13.4 Chepseon 13 2.0 15 15 Kapsorok 15.78 2.42 18.20 18.2 T0TAL 2, 647 379.38 3,026.38 3,026.38 12.8. Assessment of Functionality of Rural Areas The rural scape encompasses agriculture, forestry, wetlands and related economic activities that may entail pond - fishing, lumbering and commercial farming. Agriculture alone accounts for 60% of the land cover in the county. This statistic coupled with that of urbanized areas covering about 15%, goes to show that most of these agricultural activities are carried out within rural areas. The rural landscape therefore comes out as predominantly conservation and agriculture based along with the economic ripple effects generated by these key aspects. 12.9. Housing Demand Assessment Housing within the rural scope caters for the needs of most people. Clustering settlements is encouraged within both the urban and rural areas in terms nucleation and densification respectively. Agglomeration enables optimal utilization of shared infrastructure for economic and social purposes. The major urban centres experiencing rapid urban growth consequently need more housing supply in tandem with growth needs. This entails the municipalities, towns and market centres. This may require efforts such as those enlisted below to not only improve housing supply but enhance development control in the process. • Establishing home ownership schemes • Development control • Establishing land bank for public housing • Encouraging settlement patterns that minimize cost of providing infrastructure and other services • Clustering Settlements 162 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 162 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 163 2017 - 2027 Map 41: Land Demand and Proposed Land Use Allocation for Kericho Town 12.10. Transport Demand Assessment i) Road Transit The road network consists of four major types of grading with regards to the surface material being, earth, gravel, surface dressing and pre-mix road surfaces. The unpaved roads entail the Earthen and Gravel roads while the paved roads entail surface dressing and pre-mix surface roads. The earthen roads encompass a total coverage of 2,370 km, gravel roads 497 km, surface dressing-based roads and pre-mix surface-based roads having 450km. This shows that most roads in Kericho county need revamping of the surface in order to ease transit especially during rainy seasons considering the county experiences relatively hefty amounts of rainfall most times of the year owing its suitability for agriculture. Balanced development is a key concern that the CSP intends to address. In a bid to enhance access to services especially in the marginalized areas of Soin/Sigowet and Kipkelion, key link roads to strategic towns should be opened up through upgrading to bitumen standard. This includes the Sondu-Kapsorok-Kipsitet and Kipkelion-Mtaragon- Hill Tee roads. Further Kipkelion area around Kunyak and Chilchila are highly inaccessible due to poor road condition worsened by the terrain. The roads should be upgraded to gravel condition and bridges erected to enhance accessibility. Most of the towns lack designated and well-planned bus terminuses which riddles the transport sector with challenges such as congestion. The main urban centres including Kericho and Litein should further incorporate local and regional terminal facilities. Kipsitet is metamorphosing into an industrial town and the menace of truck parking along the service lanes may persist. Consequently, parking facilities for these trucks should be planned for to organize circulation in the town. ii) Railway Transit The existing railway transport within the county is defunct. However, the CSP proposes operationalization of the utilities to revive rail transit. This will enhance flow of goods and services in the regions including Kericho, Nakuru, Kisumu, Eldoret. Further tourism potential from the historical perspective (Lumbwa in Kipkelion and Fort Ternan archaeological site) can be harnessed though passenger travel via the railway line to these stations. The SGR line and proposed terminus at Sondu will open up the county to development opportunities on a regional context. iii) Air Transit The challenge in Kericho county is lack of commercialized air transit considering the county is laced with a myriad of economic activities and potentials that could elevate the local GDP. The proposed tourism activities and industrial development will lead to an expanded market demand regionally for various products. Commercialization of the Kerenga airstrip, will therefore stategically enhance economic and social linkage of the county on regional and international scopes considering the contribution of resources and produce of Kericho county to the national GDP. 164 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 164 2017 - 2027 12.11. Water Sector Assessment Agriculture being the main economic activity in the county consumes water in larger capacities. However, most of the crops are rain fed hence demand for water in this sector is proposed for areas earmarked for irrigation. Further, expansion of water reticulation networks especially within the urban areas due to increased demand for domestic and industrial uses should be prioritized for purposes of improved sanitation and public health. Most of the social amenities including health facilities and schools are equipped with water storage facilities although supply of water is inconsistent. The National Government has initiated three major water projects in line with the Vision 2030 outlined in the National Water Masterplan. These are Itare, Koru and Londiani (Masaita) dams which are intended to draw water from the Lake Victoria Catchment Area (LVSCA) basin to the Rift Valley Catchment Area (RVCA) basin through interwater basin transfer facilities as well as providing water for various uses in Kericho. The CSP proposes channelling of this water back to Kericho to cater for the aforementioned domestic and industrial uses. KEWASCO, through the Ministry of Environment and Sanitation has established a sewage treatment plant near the industrial area of Kericho town. The treatment ponds are functional and the treated effluence is drained into River Tionosoyiet. However, the facility is underutilized. CSP proposes expansion of Kericho sewer system to cater for increased urban population as well as establishment of sewer facilities in other major towns across the county. i) Water Sources Assessment The topography of the county and the many sources of water makes it easy to develop gravity schemes that can cover the whole county. Earth dams and water pans are a source though not common. On the lower parts especially Soin/Sigowet and Kipkelion sub-counties the landscape presents a good topography for development of dams and water pans that could be applied for multiple use. The assessment of ground water potential in the county has not been done. The presence of sufficient good quality surface water however presents a more cost-effective solution when compared to investing in bore drilling. The topography of the county taken into consideration allows mostly for gravity systems which are less expensive than pumped systems required by boreholes which are expensive in the long run. In the short term, the County should consider doing borehole explorations on areas currently underserved particularly the low lands. The county should also consider use of solar water pumping to ensure sustainable cost of pumping. ii) Water Infrastructure Assessment Water supply coverage in the County is still low. Only 30% of the households do not have access to safe water. The existing infrastructure run by KEWASCO and TILWASCO is no longer adequate due to increased population. Similarly, small rural water schemes are not sustainable due to high cost of operation and mainternance particularly in rural areas where community management committees lack necessary skills and authority. The CSP proposes constructing of new water supply schemes to augment the existing ones, in line with the County Integrated Water and Sanitation Master Plan (IMaP) which KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 165 2017 - 2027 outlines strategies for universal access of water and sewerage services in Kericho county. The IMaP will guide planning, implementation and management of water infrastructure in the county. iii) Water Service Management Assessment Capacity for water service management is weak across the board. Most of the water committees and management groups are not aware of the legal frameworks present. The county in consultation with other stakeholders should consider increasing the capacity of the Water user committees involved in water supply and management. Areas of improvement are financial and technical capacity, governance and gender. More women need to be incorporated on the management committees to increase the sustainability of systems since they are most affected when there is scarcity. The county also needs to come up with a structured method or criteria of setting water tariffs to ensure equity among the community members There is also a need to set up a strong coordinating body among all the actors in water and sanitation sectors, the coordination will eliminate duplication and gaps in the communities. The CSP proposes capacity building of water user committee interms of organization, management, operation and maintenance as well as partnering with all stakeholders. They should integrated land management programs for the county to facilitate conservation and preservation of water catchment areas. iv) Water Demand For The County Table 48 summarizes the current capacity of the major water schemes. Table 48: Existing Water Schemes Capacity Water Scheme Average No. Average No. of Supplied Total Design Total Operational/ Service Providers of Design connections (house- capacity m3/ Supply Capacity m3/ connections holds) day day (households) KEWASCO 18,000 12,000 12,900 5,934 TILWASCO 7,179 7,481 1,436 717.90 Total 24,179 19,481 14,336 6,652 Water Demand   101,175 Deficit     86,839 94,523 Short term im-       7,683.9 provements will result in extra capacity From the table above, it is clear that there is need in the short term to improve the schemes and utilize the 50% lost capacity. The improvement will come from accounting for the lost water, disconnect illegal connections and enhance operational capacity be proper maintenance. The various number of connections that are active and inactive vary from project to project. The connections are also affected by the reducing water supply from the source 166 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 166 2017 - 2027 due to environmental degradation, unmaintained systems, and illegal connections. The community groups and individual stakeholders have been key in enhancing construction and operation of water points to the rural level with the help of the national and County governments. This has balanced out water provision in the rural area with that in the urban areas and market centres. The current schemes however do meet the current demand to ensure adequate water provision in the county. Table 49: Percentage of possible sources mix to meet the demand No. Surface Water Rain water harvesting Underground (Largely)Rivers (Dams, Water pans & water (subsur- household tanks) face and under- ground) Domestic 65% 35% 5% Large scale agriculture 20% 80% 0% Urban Centres and 85% 15% 5% Towns Institutions & Factories 80% 10% 10% Small scale agriculture 5% 85% 10% The CSP as a short-term measure proposes improvement of the operational capacity for the existing water supply and implementation of large water supply projects targeting major urban centres and strategic economic zones in the long run. 12.12. Environment Assessment i) Environment Environmental degradation is a major concern for Kericho county and is caused by cultivation along rivers and destruction of wetlands leading to loss riparian areas, encroachment of forests for cultivation and poor farm management practices leading to soil erosion and desertification, pollution and natural disasters like landslides and flooding during rainy seasons. Through preparation of the CSP, a framework of environmnetal managment under the county government will be laid to include: protection of the county’s vast forest cover from encroachment by human activities including settlements and other economic endevours, implementation of afforestation and re-forestation programs, enacting and enforcing legislations to curb illegal logging, charcoal burning and cultivation of riparian areas and hilltops especially in Nyando basin. ii) Solid Waste Management Poor solid waste management especially in urban areas, leading to pollution and flooding due to clogged drainage canals is a major challenge in Kericho county. Currently the county has one designated land fill in Kericho town serving Kericho CBD. Kericho’s peri- urban areas and other major towns such as Litein do not have designated solid waste collection areas. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 167 2017 - 2027 The CSP proposes establishment of a waste management system covering the whole county with one main solid waste management site. Each big town will have a small holding ground (transfer station) for solid waste collection before onward transportation to the main management site. 12.13. Social Facilities Demand Assessment i) Health Spatial analysis highlights critical areas in Kericho county which require health facilities in terms of geographical distribution and 2027 population projections. Level IV facilities are currently inadequate and there’s need to upgrade five facilities by 2027. Candidate facilities for this upgrade are Cheborgei and Kabianga health centres. Others are Kamasega, Kipsitet and Nugumoini, dispensaries. Fifteen Level II facilities were identified for upgrading to Level III. These are Tebesonik, Chepkunyuk, Chepsir ,Kaitui, Kimugul, Kipsegi, Koitaburot and Manyoror Dispensary Others are Seretut, Chebirbei, Kapsoit, Kamwingi, Segetet, Burutu and Litein dispensaries. To sufficiently provide access to health care, non-functional health facilities need to be operationalized. The facilities to be prioritized for operationalization to ensure equitable access to health care across the county are Chepkosilen , Kasheen , Kapsegut, Nyalilbuch, Sitian, Kapsenda Gwitu ,Kimologit ,Kelunet, Keben and Butiik Dispensary However, other areas outlined below require improvement and strengthening. a) Physical infrastructure including improving condition of buildings, access to water, electricity and sanitation. b) Inconsistent supply of drugs though adequate c) Overwhelmed medical personnel due to high number of patients The overall assessment indicates almost all facilities have good physical infrastructure. However, there is inconsistent supply of drugs, other medical supplies and inadequate personnel. A further analysis across the county border and privately managed facilities would give a further insight and possible better partnership in health provision. ii) Education Spatial analysis highlights critical areas in Kericho county which require education facilities in terms of geographical distribution and 2027 population projections. The overall assessment indicates that Kericho county has no deficit in ECD and primary schools and a slight deficit in the required number of secondary schools for the planning period (2017-2027) as shown in Table 50. 168 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 168 2017 - 2027 No. Sub-location Ward 1 Chepcholiet Chepseon 2 Kamasega Soliat 3 Kapkechebwai Soin 4 Lekwenyi Soliat 5 Simbi Soin 6 Kaplelach Soin 7 Mongojet Soliat 8 Kaptalamwa Soin 9 Kapsomboch Kaplelartet 10 Sigowet Sigowet 11 Ngoina Tebesonik 12 Kimugul Kedowa/Kimugul 13 Tingoro Kipkelion 14 Kutung Kamasian 15 Siwot Chilchila 16 Kokwet Chilchila 17 Kapkwen Kunyak 18 Timbilil Kunyak 19 Poiywek Ainamoi Therefore, the county should focus on: a) Providing good physical infrastructure for the existing facilities such as, classrooms, playgrounds, labs, libraries and sanitation facilities b) Ensure consistent supply of learning materials such as books and lab equipment c) Providing adequate personnel (teachers) and d) Equip youth polytechnics and vocational training institutes. iii) Governance,Administration, Justice and Law enforcement a) Governance and Administration Following adoption of the Constitution of Kenya 2010, political and administrative boundaries have changed. The new administrative levels are county, sub-county and ward. Previously the administrative levels were province, district, division, location and sub-location. The county government is currently using the new structure to carry out its governance and administrative functions whereas national government is using the pre- 2010 structure to administer its functions in the county. The point of convergence between the county government and national government on matters security and administration is at the county level. Therefore, administrative extents/boundaries and functions below the county level ought to be harmonized. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 169 2017 - 2027 b) Justice and law enforcement Whereas the law enforcement, security and administration of justice is considered adequate in Kericho, boundary conflicts are pre-dominant along its western border. Incidences of cattle theft are predominant in Nyakach along Soin neighbourhood. Functionality, status and level of utilization of many administrative and security facilities are largely unknown with county and national government activities sometimes uncoordinated. However, synergy between national and county government has continually improved from 2013 with better understanding of the devolved system. The main cause of lack of synergy is in conflicting areas of administration e.g. national government district boundaries do not coincide with the sub-counties. c) Recreation, Sports, Tourism and Culture Despite Kericho being known nationwide for sports (Zoo Kericho FC which is competing in the Kenyan Soccer Premier League and Kericho Rugby Club competing in the Kenya Rugby Nationwide League), recreation and sports facilities are in dilapidated state except the Kapkatet stadium which is undergoing an upgrade through NYS program and Kericho Green Stadium. Cultural/community centres are non-existent or non-operational. In most cases, the social halls are not accessible to the public. The county faces a myriad of challenges in toursim despite having huge potential for agro-tourism including: the tourist sites are not yet to be developed, the road condition to the sites are poor, lack of reliable transport to the sites, signage and marketing is non- existent and supporting infrastructure like airstrips and hotels are not up to standard. 12.14. Development Challenges and Prospects within Resource Potential Zones and Sectors Having examined the county resources, it is important to note the challenges and potentials are as summarized in Table 51. Table 51: Development Opportunities per zones Summary Area Resource Potential Zones Description Spatial Problem Areas Challenges Prospects Physical Setting Conservation Areas I Water tower Encroachment in Nyando Deforestation at Londiani, Western Mau, Tinderet, Institutional support by KFS which can River Basin entailing Tendeno, Sorget. liaise with locals to initiate reforestation. River Kipchorian and Forested areas tributaries Clearing forest trees for charcoal Conservation initiatives by County Govt along riparian e.g. tree planting program Riparian areas Paucity of conservation along River Kipchorian on steep slope areas Encroachment of riparian areas for farming activities High Slope areas Availability of County environmental (<25%) Deforestation Poor farming practices along slope causing siltation policy that can be enforced. of rivers. River Basins Farmer trainings from farmer Pollution from farm chemicals. cooperatives as well as the County Govt Clearing of hilltop vegetation leaving the soils bare Regulation of tree felling and charcoal burning activities through licensing Rapid and uncontrolled growth of rural centres creating higher demand for charcoal and Harmonize functions of county and encroachment of forests for settlement national environmental institutions in conservation. Overlapping roles of environmental Management institutions. 170 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 170 2017 - 2027 Summary Area Resource Potential Zones Description Spatial Problem Areas Challenges Prospects Agriculture High Potential 1 Zone II Tea, Maize, Dairy, Land fragmentation due Crop Farming Crop Farming to population increase in Belgut, Bureti and Ainamoi Poor quality of fertilizers and low usage/adoption of Provision of subsidized inputs to farmersinorganic fertilizer leading to low production. High Potential 2 Zone III Maize, Coffee, Encroachment of forest Potatoes, Dairy, and riparian reserves Irrigation programs to enhanced Unpredictable rainfall patterns and overreliance on Sheep around Mugumoini to rain-fed agriculture leading to low production. production during low rain seasons Kjpkelion High land fragmentation leading to small parcels of Improve mechanization for cash crop and Drought around the land which are less productive large-scale food crop farming lowland areas of Fort Ternan High dependence on family labour and low adoption Establish external markets for produce Medium Potential IV Sugarcane, Sweet Sondu- Kapsorok-Iraa of agricultural mechanization Zone Potatoes, Ranching areas exhibiting low Enhance value addition to increase sugarcane production Lack of stable markets for crop produce i.e. price market price of finished products fluctuation Establish local industries that can process Lack of soil conservation structures and measures cash crops to the finished product Low accessibility or lack of extension and veterinary services. Improve training for farmers through ATIs, Demo Farms, Field days and show Inadequate capital to purchase farm input and venture in agriculture. Livestock Farming Livestock Farming Building capacity of extension officers to reach farmers in various parts of the County Low accessibility or lack of extension and veterinary services. Establish better market access for livestock products through direct sale Inadequate pasture for animals due to continued land fragmentation and competition from crop farming. Promote fodder growth for easier access by farmers which will result quality breeds Low adoption of improved farming methods such as use of AI to improve animal breeds. To increase capital access to livestock farmers through financing and credit Continued drought hitting the western parts of the facilities County has made it difficult for animals to access adequate water and also pasture is continually reducing. Lack of stable market for livestock produce both locally and outside the County causing fluctuation of prices which has discouraged farmers from livestock farming. Pests and diseases infesting on animals affect Fish Farming the quality and quantity of livestock produce and sometimes even cause loss of animals. Sensitization of farmers on fish farming Fish Farming Promote market access for fish products Inadequate investment capital to engage in fish farming. Lack of technical skills in fish processing i.e. from pond preparation to harvesting. Water supply is a problem especially during the dry season making it unsustainable. Fingerlings are not readily available as they are sourced from other counties. Transport, Water - - Terminal Facilities Urban Areas Inadequate provision of terminal facilities Expansion of existing bus stations and and sanitation acquisition of land for bust station in services other towns Construction of bridges Bridges Kipkelion and Chilchila Inaccessibility of areas due to terrain constrains Upgrade of road surface conditions to Roads Rural areas Poor condition of key link roads connecting enhance connectivity production areas to markets and industries Water Rural areas Harness surface water through dams and tanks Inaccessibility to clean water i.e. dry seasons Urban areas Curtail non-revenue water and improve water rationing within towns reticulation utilities and supply Poor solid and liquid waste management Designate land-fills and transfer stations. Connect households to sewer utilities. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 171 2017 - 2027 Summary Area Resource Potential Zones Description Spatial Problem Areas Challenges Prospects Economy Industrial Potential V Agro-based Roret and Soin areas Limited agro-processing industries to encourage Revive Roret pineapple industry. Zones Industries where industries are non- Value addition and production operational Facilitate operationalization of Soin Non-operationalized factories in Roret and Soin Sugar factory by equipping it with necessary instruments for processing and packaging Poor condition of roads Improve markets for processed produce Constrained market for finished products through infrastructural development including commercializing airport Lack of incentives for local industrialists to locate operations factories. Improving road standard used for Unemployment transporting raw materials(produce) from farms. Manufacturing Kipsitet road construction Untapped potential for location of manufacturing Resource mapping on all mineral sites/ Industrial Area /burrow pits industries quarries Quarries Kedowa un-zoned Un-zoned quarries and sand harvesting areas Zoning out resources for development quarries control and for economic purposes Negative environmental and health impacts of the Roret sand harvesting quarries Environmental Impact Assessment and zones Audits to be conducted on quarries and burrow pits and management plans rolled out. The People Urban Potential VI Service centres Under-developed centres: Paucity of infrastructure and service provision in Open up and develop New Town model and Human Zones Kapsorok Mtaragon and the urban centres causing an outburst of urban for clustered human settlements within Settlements Kipkelion problems against the existing systems. This includes agricultural rural area. liquid and solid waste management as well as water provision Urban sprawl Revitalize economies of potential growth centres Unplanned rural settlements Under-serviced settlements Layout relevant services and Poor enforcement of existing development plans for infrastructure for urban development and urban areas settlement structures Declined economy due to lack of diversity on Zoning and proposed strategic investments development to secure hinterland for agriculture and conservation. Social Services - - Health Inadeqaute staffing, medical supplies and Equip sub-county hospitals with and amenities emergency services emergency services and improve staffing. Education Poor transition in levels of schooling Provide alternative sources of funding. Inadequate and unequipped vocational training Develop community centres. centres based on industrial needs. Enhance sustainable feeding programs Inconsistent feeding program for ECDEs 172 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 172 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 173 2017 - 2027 174 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 174 2017 - 2027 Chapter 13 The County Spatial Structure This chapter presents the form of the county. This is defined by natural and man-made physical features. These features shape the county and will continue to shape the orientation in which human activities develop which gives the county its unique spatial structure. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 175 2017 - 2027 13.1. Introduction Kericho county is structured by both the natural physical features and the man-made physical features. These features have shaped and will continue to shape the orientation in which human activities/development exist in the county thus giving it its unique spatial structure. In order to formulate the County Structure Plan, the existing spatial structure of the county needs to be studied and analysed in detail. Developments tend to take certain direction considering what constrain them. Analysis of the existing spatial structure of the county is crucial based on the following advantages; i) To assess the development trends of the county. ii) To assess the strengths and weaknesses that are associated with the spatial structure of the county especially those attributed to the natural physical features. 13.2. Man-made and Natural Impermeable Edges The county development trends have been influenced by both the man-made and the natural occurrences. The natural impermeable edges are the natural forests, valleys and depressions, wetlands and steep slopes. i) The natural forests The county has four main forest reserves comprising of the South Tinderet, Mt. Londiani, Western Mau and South-West Mau covering a total area of 60,347Ha. These forest reserves have been gazetted to ensure their conservation and preservation. The gazettement of these forests was done to protect them from encroachment from adverse human activities such as farming, construction etc. ii) Wetlands Riverine wetlands consists of the permanent and seasonal rivers that originate or traverse flowing westwards and draining in the Lake Victoria. There are also the swampy/marshy areas found especially where the rivers meet generally flat terrains. The wetlands are protected areas under the various acts and policies of the Kenya hence all the activities taking place around them are supposed to be regulated to prevent encroachment and their ecosystem being destroyed. iii) Land Forms Kericho lies west of the Great Rift Valley. The volcanic activities during its formation 176 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 176 2017 - 2027 greatly influenced the landforms within the County. Geological composition of the County consists predominantly of tertiary volcanic with some parts experiencing quaternary sedimentation. Landforms affect the topography of the County and therefore dictates the types of activities being carried out. The man-made impermeable edges are: the multi-national tea estates, the sugar belts, physical infrastructure and urban centres iv) Multi-National Tea Estates The multi-national tea plantations lie east of Kericho town along the B1 and C23 roads and forms the eastern edge. The plantation is an edge to other development and as observed; a linear strip of settlements run parallel to the tea plantation from Chepsir to Premier market centres. v) Urban Areas Urban areas are human settlements that agglomerate land use activities in a relatively small geographic area. Urban areas in the county have taken this traditional approach and are characterised by high population densities and high infrastructure of the built environment. The major ones in the County are Kericho, Litein, Sondu, Roret and Londiani. Urban centres attract developments due to several factors such as economies of scale, ready markets, and better infrastructure supply. This is not different from what is experienced in the county as the urban centres and the market centres are booming with development. vi) Physical Infrastructure Kericho county harbours one of the major transit towns in the western region, Kericho town. The town is traversed by B1 highway and for a long time this road has been a major route to Kisumu city until the recent completion of Londiani-Muhoroni road that was upgraded to bitumen standards. Kericho town also connects to Bomet and Kisii counties through C23 and C24 roads. There are also other important roads links within the county. Human activities have aligned themselves along these corridors as it is evident that even the major urban areas of the county are located along these belts. There also exists trunk infrastructure that discourage permanent human activities near them such as the high voltage electricity infrastructure, the pipeline that traverses the northern part of the county around Londiani and the existing railway line. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 177 2017 - 2027 Map 42: Kericho County Structuring Elements 13.3. The Sondu River versus the Nyando River Belts Kericho county lies in two river basins namely the Nyando River basin occupying the Northern parts of the county and Sondu River basin occupying the Southern parts. The basins are a determinant of analysis of the drainage of the rivers where those forming the Nyando basin are the tributaries of Nyando river and those forming the Sondu basin are tributaries of Sondu river. 13.3.1. The Nyando River Basin This basin is found on the northern part of the county covering Kipkelion East, Kipkelion West and parts of Ainamoi and Soin/Sigowet sub-counties. The rivers in this basin originate from the Tinderet, Londiani and Western Mau forests flowing south-westwards to form River Nyando at Kano plains that dissipates into swamps in Kusa area before discharging into Lake Victoria at Winam gulf. The major rivers forming the Nyando basin are Ainapng’etuny and Kipchorian rivers. 13.3.2. The Sondu River Basin The Sondu River basin lies on the southern part of the County covering Bureti, Belgut and parts of Ainamoi and Soin/Sigowet sub-counties. The tributaries of Sondu River that forms this basin originate from the South-Western Mau forest and flow westwards. The two major rivers that confluence their waters to form River Sondu are Yurith and Kipsonoi rivers.This basin is characterized by diverse land use activities namely: forestry, large- scale and small-scale agriculture (tea, maize and dairy activities), urban and sub-urban settlements and developments and tea industries. 178 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 178 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 179 2017 - 2027 Map 43: Map Showing the Nyando and Sondu River Basins 13.4. The Rift-Valley/ Lake Victoria Interface 13.4.1. The Mau Escarpment Influence Kericho county is found on the western highlands of the Great Rift Valley that forms the Mau Escarpment. The edge of the escarpment to the west lies the Western Mau, South- western Mau, Tinderet and Mt. Londiani forests. The terrain of the county especially towards the northern and north-western parts are as a result of the formation of the Great Rift Valley. The terrain is extremely rugged at Kunyak, Chilchila in Kipkelion West sub-county and gradually gentles towards the southern parts of the county. The influence of the Mau escarpment is evident from the relief rainfall received in the county, relatively low temperatures in areas bordering the escarpment , soil types and the terrain. These aspects of physiography have significant influence on human activities being carried out. 13.4.1.1. Relief Rainfall Patterns The county experiences relief rainfall attributed to its height above sea level that stands between 1230m and 2830m. The mean annual amount of rainfall received is between 1000mm and 1600mm and is generally well distributed across the county (Map 44) with variations attributed to the change in topography, which puts areas to the west on the rain shadow. The rainfall pattern greatly influences the distribution of human activities within the county. Agriculture is the mainstay of Kericho with most locals relying on it. Good climatic conditions for rainfed agriculture has seen the county’s wettest regions experience high population densities and as the amount of rain declines westwards and so does the population density. 13.4.1.2. High Altitude Areas The county’s altitude ranges between 1800 m and 2800 m above the sea level. The terrain characteristics vary across the whole county with some areas depicting mountainous landforms, hills, depressions, U-V shaped valleys and ridges (Map 45). As observed, majority of the people occupy the mountainous regions and that is where a lot of human activities take place. The areas with a series of hills otherwise rugged terrain are less inhabited hence lesser human activities although increasing population has forced people to modify the terrain to suit their activities. 13.4.1.3. Water Towers/Wet climes The main water tower in the county is the south-western Mau forest evident from the rivers that originate from there; which flow westwards traversing most parts of the county. The county government together with the national government have put tremendous efforts to protect this tower from encroachment by human activities. It has therefore largely remained in its natural state despite illegal encroachment that is sometimes reported. 180 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 180 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 181 2017 - 2027 Map 44 Mean Annual Rainfall Distribution within the County 182 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 182 2017 - 2027 Map 45: Land Forms in Kericho County 13.4.2. Lake Victoria Influence Lake Victoria lies to the west of Kericho county where the waters from the rivers within the county drain to after they confluence to River Nyando and River Sondu. The lake has a significant influence in the county’s rainfall and a key geological feature characterised by a large depression at the western border of the county. The depression suggests the initial extent of the lake. The depression also marks the boundary between the Kericho and Kisumu counties 13.4.2.1. Dry Climates Kericho county is a generally wet but the effects of climate change are fast being experienced on the western and north-western parts like Kipsitet, Fort Tenan, Kapsorok, Sondu where rainfall has gradually reduced in the recent past. Agricultural developments in these regions are gradually reducing due to decline in rainfall. Meanwhile, other developments such as industrial and conservation land-uses are coming within these regions for instance Kipsitet area along Kisumu road where several industries have been set up. 13.4.2.2. Plains and Nyanzian - Kavirondian Batholiths The county’s geology is majorly composed of tertiary volcanics due to the influence of the Great Rift valley formation. The Nyanzian-Kavirondian batholiths occupy just a small part to the west of the county forming the greater Lake Victoria basin. The geology of the county for a long time has been stable with no cases of earthquakes, sinking, up-folds etc. This encourages diverse human activities such as farming, heavy construction, quarrying and dressing of building blocks and settlements. 13.5. Small versus Large Land Holdings Land in Kericho county is predominantly held in freehold and leasehold tenure system. Small land holders comprising mostly of natives are hold freehold tenure whereas large land holders comprising the multi-national tea companies hold leasehold tenure system. Land holding sizes in the county as shown in Figure 27 dictate the type and extent of activities being carried out. The multi-national tea companies own large tracts of land where they have grown tea in large scale whereas the small land holders practice mixed farming where they grow cash crops, food crops and rear livestock on their farms. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 183 2017 - 2027 Figure 27: Small landholders versus Large land holders around Brook area 13.6. Transportation-Influenced Structure Transport network influence development along their corridors by making the abutting land more valuable. The county is traversed by key link roads that connect Kericho to regional central places. Development of the railway line during the pre-colonial era largely contributed to the growth of Kipkelion, Fort-Ternan towns as well as development of smaller urban centres around these terminal towns. These towns have stunted in development after collapse of the railway transport system. Contemporarily, the settlements within the county both rural and urban tend to align along the road networks which begin as nodal developments then metamorphosise into linear, ribbon or axial towns. This is due to the fact that accessibility plays a central role in matters settlement and trade. About ten urban centres have developed along the Mau Summit-Kericho-Kisumu road and six along the Kericho-Litein highway. This goes a long way to depict how transport infrastructure influences settlement. Further, good road connectivity in Ainamoi, Belgut and Bureti sub-counties contribute to the development of urban centres and industrial development. The anticipated SGR terminus in Sondu is bound to affect land sizes, tenure and use in terms of compatibility and optimal use of land. 184 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 184 2017 - 2027 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iii 185 2017 - 2027 186 Part iii KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 186 2017 - 2027 Part IV The Plan KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 187 2017 - 2027 188 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 188 2017 - 2027 Chapter 14 Plan Proposals and Development Strategies KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 189 2017 - 2027 14.1. Introduction This chapter lays out framework for development of the CSP proposals and development strategies. It introduces the plan and gives strategic direction through the various programs and policies that should guide development within the plan implementation window. Further it outlines the plan implementation criteria which is a key component geared towards realization of the proposal. 14.2. County Spatial Development Plan Kericho county envisions itself as “A sustainable agro-industrialized county fostering equitable socio-economic growth and environmental values.” This vision is to be realized through the proposals put forward in this plan as they are aimed at achieving sustainable and balanced development of the county. Kericho county presents numerous possibilities that inspires it to thrive in all sectors. The County Spatial Plan anticipates various development scenarios based on the vision and assessments undertaken throughout the plan preparation. Development of the proposal is thematically based to enhance sectoral development in a bid to realize the county’s aspirations. In-depth policy directions have been formulated with an aim of addressing the sectoral proposals put forward through various programs and projects. This section provides insight on the key pillars of the plan including agricultural and economic development, human settlement, physical and social infrastructure as well as the natural environment. Agricultural development is the main pillar structuring the plan. This is to be realized through three broad potential zones: High Potential Zone I, High Potential Zone II and Medium Potential Zone. Within each of the zones, specific agricultural enterprises are to be enhanced in a bid to encourage specialization as well comparative advantage within agro-ecologies. These include large scale coffee zones, large scale tea zones, large scale sugarcane zones, irrigation zones and mixed farming areas. This development considers the whole value chain which not only looks at production but also marketing, processing and consumption. Development of agro-based industries within the county is proposed in a bid to enhance local processing for purposes of cutting costs incurred by producers between harvesting and transportation to respective industries. This will also enhance value addition which is key in fetching improved returns to the farmers. Further, local processing will increase backward and forward linkages which will in turn promote overall economic development as well the socio-economic status of producers. The plan intends to improve local marketing of processed as well as direct-sale produce by optimally locating produce markets within key Strategic Economic Towns. This will provide a focussed avenue for local sale of produce. Further the plan intends to open these agricultural goods to regional markets. Linkage of produce to regional markets has necessitated proposals on infrastructural development. The key projects entail commercialization of the Kerenga airport, location of a terminus at Sondu along the proposed SGR, operationalization of existing railway services specifically Kericho- Kisumu & Kericho-Nakuru lines as well as upgrading key link roads. Ripple effects of the resultant linkages will spur rapid urbanization and open marginalized regions to balanced development. This will improve economic well-being of locals through increased revenue generation and service delivery. For sustainability and posterity, agricultural development intends to integrate environmental management and conservation mechanisms at the production/farm level. Map 46 presents the County Development Structure Plan. 190 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 190 2017 - 2027 Map 46: County Development Structure Plan KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 191 2017 - 2027 192 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 192 2017 - 2027 14.3. Development Strategies The County development model intends to achieve its vision and objectives through strategic programs within each sectoral context. The programs are anchored on policy directions that will be instrumental in guiding implementation of the programs and projects posed. The development strategies are anchored on the Vision 2030 aspirations as well as the National Spatial Plan which are the guiding development frameworks for the CSP. 14.3.1. Optimization of Land Utilization for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity Global Sustainable Development Goal number three is to “End Hunger”. It aims at ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition; and promoting sustainable agriculture by 2030. Agriculture directly contributes 25 percent, and a further 26 percent indirectly to the National Gross Domestic Product (GoK, 2007). Kericho county economy is mainly agro-based with more than two-thirds of the total population depending directly on agricultural enterprises. The National Spatial Plan, (2016) identifies Kericho as one of the grain basket areas that need prioritisation and protection to ensure food security. It is also one of the leading tea growing counties and hence, agriculture remains a crucial pillar for development in the county. Majority of the agricultural activities are rain-fed, thereby predisposing small-scale farmers to instances of food insecurities and general low agricultural productivity owing to the changes in climatic pattern. As a tea producing county with about 21,000 ha under smallholdings, the small-scale tea farming enterprise is exposed to global tea price fluctuations caused by a myriad of reasons such as the cost of production and overproduction amongst others. Massive sub-division and high conversion of agricultural land into other uses such as industrial and urban zones due to population increase further worsen the scenario resulting into uneconomical portions. The areas that have recorded massive conversion and sub-division of land includes; Kapsoit, Kipchimchim, Brooke and Kapsurer which are immediate satellite towns to Kericho town. The NSP proposes the protection of agricultural land by restricting sub-division of land and diverting urban development away from agricultural areas through a coordinated, sustainable land use plan. Therefore, there is a need for the local farmers to adopt modern technologies of production and for the agricultural sector stakeholders to work together towards enhancing access to both input and output markets. For better targeting of agricultural production, a land suitability analysis and mapping has been done for both crops and livestock, see table 43. This is aimed at sustainably boosting agriculture production through global best farming practices that heavily rely on the prevailing agro-ecologies. Kericho County Government agriculture goal is “to transform Kericho county’s agriculture through sustainable agricultural intensification and modernisation of agro-based enterprises into commercially-oriented and competitive economic activities that boost food security, enhance local economic growth and provide gainful employment to the residents of Kericho”. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 193 2017 - 2027 The goal is broad and requires more than the agricultural sector to achieve it. Within the domains of the agricultural sector, the specific objectives are to: • Promote profit-oriented agricultural production • Improve access to quality inputs, financial services and local and international output markets. • Modernize agricultural production systems while optimising land utilisation. • Improve delivery of extension and advisory services to increase farmers’ adoption of research outputs, innovations and management practices. • Promote climate-smart agricultural practices for environmental sustainability • Formulate and implement food security policies and programs. Policy Thrust Land is the most critical factor of production in agriculture. Generally, limited availability of productive land is a significant constraint to increased agricultural production. In Kericho county, the high potential arable land is dominated by multinational commercial agriculture while the rest of the land is subject to competition among various land uses such as urban development, smallholder agriculture, infrastructure development, markets, homesteads, afforestation and conservation. Expansion of major urban areas such as Kericho, Kapsoit, Sondu and Litein combined with population pressure has caused fragmentation of fertile agricultural land making the land parcels agriculturally un-economical. Cognizant of the competing interests making land utilization agriculturally unsustainable, the county Government has developed optimization of land utilization strategy to deal with the situation. The strategy focuses on intensification of agricultural production and strives to harmonize land allocation and uses. The aim is to restrict land fragmentation and sustain economic use while ensuring conservation of natural resources. Besides the focus on input-output market, the spatial plan gives special attention to modern methods of production. The plan puts emphasis on mechanization of smallholder agricultural activities; modernization of the post-harvest handling and value addition of agricultural products to prolong shelf life. It further emphasizes adoption of agro- ecologically suitable crop varieties. Policy Statements 1) Safeguard agricultural lands against land sub-division and urban sprawl • The delineated urban extent shall be gazetted and adhered to. This will ensure that urban growth limits are observed, and sprawl curbed in-order to safeguard agricultural land. • Densification of urban development shall be encouraged to optimize use of urban land and mitigate sprawl to agricultural areas. 194 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 194 2017 - 2027 • Land falling within the identified high potential agricultural zones shall be strictly designated for agriculture production purposes. • Sub-division of agricultural land shall be strictly regulated. Minimum land sizes of 1.0 ha for medium and 0.4 ha for high agricultural potential zones. • Fragmentation below the set limits is uneconomical and therefore not recommended. • Change of user of land shall be strictly regulated in tandem with the County Spatial Plan guidelines. 2) Intensification of sustainable agricultural production • Sub-county specific specialization of agricultural enterprises based on competitive advantage shall be promoted as identified according to the potential of the zones. • Creation of agricultural zones based on agro-ecological possibilities, socio- economic and physiographic conditions, and competitive advantage shall be implemented. • Infrastructural facilities that link production zones to market centres shall be facilitated. • Drought tolerant crops for medium potential agricultural zones shall be promoted. • Fish production through farmer mobilisation and facilitation of fingerlings provision and market access shall be promoted. • Modernized livestock keeping through appropriate animal husbandry, product processing and timely marketing. • Animal nutrition shall be enhanced through promotion of improved fodder development amongst farmers and access to affordable feeds and supplements. • Soil fertility improvement through utilisation of both organic and inorganic fertilisers shall be promoted. 3) Strengthening research-extension linkages and extension delivery system. • Priority shall be placed on building capacity of farmers to adopt global best practices of agriculture to boost production, improve value addition and marketing. • Farmer-to-extension officer ratio shall be improved towards attaining the global recommendation of 1:450. This is important in enhancing extension outreach to farmers. • Interaction between research and extension must be improved and made effective to facilitate transfer of new technologies, innovations and management practices (TIMPs). • Mechanisms for identifying farmers’ problems shall be put in place in order to influence the setting of research agenda. This means agricultural research will be demand-driven. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 195 2017 - 2027 • Training and demonstration farms shall be improved/set and equipped strategically to facilitate passing of best agricultural practices to farmers. The following projects are underway or are being proposed by the county. • A 50-acre farm in Londiani has been set up which will be used as a demonstration and seed multiplication farm for pyrethrum and Irish potatoes. • Set up livestock, coffee and sugarcane demonstration farms in partnership with KALRO at Norman Brooke’s farm located in Kunyak area • Set up and foster sugarcane demonstration and seed research farms at Soko Huru in Soliat to improve the quality of sugarcane variety. • Complete the construction, equip and operationalize Soin Agricultural Training Institute. • Partner with Tea Research Institute to foster research and extension services in tea sector and collaborate with Agricultural Society of Kenya to promote technology and innovation dissemination and transfer. • A functional ICT-based farmers’ information centre which will provide current market prices, information on agricultural production techniques, pest management, soil fertility management and enterprise specific manuals shall be set up and equipped in each sub-county. • Programs and projects to sensitize and empower the youth and women to venture into agribusiness or farming as a business shall be formulated and implemented. 4) Promotion of soil and water conservation and fertility improvement • Proper integration of farming with the environment will be a key strategy in ensuring sustainable utilization of agricultural land resource base in the county. • Formulation and enforcement of soil and water conservation regulation shall be a priority to protect areas that are prone to land degradation. Such lands are found in areas with slopes of above 25 percent. • For instance, most areas in Kipkelion, Kunyak, Tinga farm, Lemotit, Kibugat, Kebeneti and those in the Nyando river basin have steep slopes and require serious soil conservation measures. Agricultural malpractices such as encroachment of river banks, de-vegetation of land lying on steep slopes, cultivation across the contours and failure to observe the riparian reserve have resulted massive environmental degradation. • Control of soil erosion shall be ensured through promotion of proper tillage and general best practices in farming. The following practices will be prohibited: farming across the contours, farming up to the river banks, excessive application of inorganic fertilisers, excessive application of pesticides and herbicides, farming beyond recommended slope, over-grazing and other appropriate practices. 196 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 196 2017 - 2027 • Integrated farming systems and water harvesting shall be promoted for adoption. • This is by use of an integrated system of households including mixed farming, agro-forestry, conservation etc. • Water harvesting measures – off-site (dams, roof-catchments, rocks, water pans) and in-situ (mulching, infiltration ditches, terraces, strips (grass, stones/ rocks)) 5) Access to input and output agricultural markets • Access to quality inputs, financial services and local and international output markets shall be enhanced. • Infrastructural facilities that link production zones to market centres shall be implemented. • Collective approaches such as cooperatives, farmer group input acquisition and output marketing initiatives (to take advantage of economies of scale) shall be promoted • Farmers’ co-operatives/groups shall be strengthened. Empowering farmer co-operatives; capacity building on co-operatives formation, dynamics and operations; clear coordination of farmer co-operatives with the line ministries/ departments • Post-harvest handling practices that conform to international standards shall be initiated to ensure acceptability of the agricultural products in the local and international markets. • Reduction of the cost of production through the timely availability of farm inputs at an affordable price by eliminating costly middle-men and shortening the procurement chain shall be implemented. • Agricultural produce/product markets shall be strengthened through direct marketing and linkage to better markets. • Regulatory frameworks to enable processing and direct sale/marketing of selected crops shall be established. 6) Strengthening agro-processing and value-chain development • Agro-processing shall be set up at strategic areas (SEPAs) to facilitate value chain efficiency. Value addition of agricultural produce in line with the need to improve market access and better prices to farmers will be promoted. These agro-industries will be; • Tea Expansion of existing factory capacities, improve road accessibility in various areas as outlined in the infrastructure strategy. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 197 2017 - 2027 • Coffee Improvement of pulping, roasting, milling and packaging facilities, and marketing. • Sugarcane Promote sugarcane production & processing as one of the investment opportunities for the County. • Pyrethrum County government to support access to seedlings, market and produce processing • Woodlots Wood processing industries where there is agro-forestry. • Fruits Pineapple, avocado, bananas, passion-fruits (proposed pack house in Ainamoi, Roret pineapple processing industry) • Roots and Tubers Sweet and Irish potatoes, carrots and cassava. For instance, the County government has partnered with SACOMA which is an international company to assist sweet potato farmers process their produce. • Cereals Maize, sorghum and millet. • Dairy/Milk Cooling plants such as milk cooling plants will be set up and distributed across the county based on the need. • Meat Products (beef & poultry) Improve breeds, identify suitable zones, infrastructure, abattoirs and cooling plants and canning • Fish Farming Small scale fish product processing industries within the rearing zones. The broad zones have been categorized into specific agriculture enterprises aimed at promoting specialization in the mentioned areas for better production and improved market access as shown in Map 47 and Map 48. 198 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 198 2017 - 2027 Map 47: Broad Agricultural Potential Zones KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 199 2017 - 2027 200 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 200 2017 - 2027 Map 48: Agricultural Enterprise Zones & Industries KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 201 2017 - 2027 202 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 202 2017 - 2027 14.3.2. Spur Economic Productivity at Household Level through Enhancing Market Systems to activate Economic Prosperity. Agriculture remains the key economic driver by contributing about 60% of the county’s G.D.P. The Vision 2030 aims at enhancing industrialization which is a key development proposal aimed at achieving enhanced economic growth. The National Spatial Plan envisions improving economic prospects of regions by opening them up to local and regional markets. The economic strategy intends to prioritize the aforementioned aspects by strengthening agro-industrial economies as discussed in this section. It is projected that this strategy will not only improve value addition, market access but also enhance socio-economic status of the locals at the household level. Table 52 provides the basis of framing the economic strategy. Table 52: Facts and Basis of Framing the Economic Strategy Economic issues to County facts Spatial Consideration be addressed Creating and sustain- 87% of landowners have title deed. Location of agro-based value addition ing adequate house- industries hold income 84% of economy agriculturally based. Kericho County’s Extensive road network Provision of key infrastructure such as, regional economic trunk roads, pipeline, railway, water, performance advanc- Railway connectivity waste management and housing in a ing attributes sustainable way Good electricity connectivity Lake Basin Regional Economic Bloc Member Augmenting the eco- 61% immunization cover Provision of health, educational, sports nomic performance and community facilities in the county across 575 public health facilities socio-economic sectors 1,054 ECDEs Enhancing County’s 23% Forest Area Preserving and protecting the environ- innovation and com- mental assets including river banks, for- petitive capabilities ICT centres ests, landscapes and cultural heritage sites Centres of excellence Enhance access and awareness of ICT Research Institutes such as Forest infrastructure, improve transition and Research Institute, Tea Research consequent enrolments from secondary Institute, etc schools to centres of excellence. Main- stream County specific agenda into the research activities to address local relevant emerging issues County Product Portfolio Table 53 shows the growth-share matrix that highlights the potential of different products setting them against the dynamic market share environment. The data is based on review of household survey indicating challenges faced by households, County and national level economic statistics and crop suitability analysis. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 203 2017 - 2027 Table 53: Growth-share matrix 1) High market share 2) Low market share though the market is growing • Dairy livestock • Fish Farming • Beef livestock • Horticulture • Maize • Coffee • Sorghum • Banana and Avocado • Pineapple • Sugarcane • Beans • Natural Stone • Sweet Potato • Sand • Irish Potato • Pyrethrum 3) High marginal income 4) Low market share but with growth potential • Tea • Tourism i) High market share and significant market growth. Kericho is considered a food basket with significant crops and livestock production potential. The crops and livestock enterprises shown under item 1 in Table 50 are agricultural enterprises whose production in the county is significantly high and they already command a major market share. The remaining gaps that require investment are market and postharvest-related focusing on farm mechanization, value addition, organizing markets and logistics. ii) Low market shares though the market is growing. The enterprises in this category, although they have high potential, have a productivity that is currently below optimum levels. Their low performance is influenced by low adoptability by smallholder farmers, lack of technical know-how, low input access and lack of ready and reliable markets. In order to boost their market share, the county needs to consider direct investment towards extension services, awareness in terms of the enterprise potentials locally and regionally, mechanization, enhancement of quality and suitable inputs and credit facilities. iii) High marginal income. Tea is the only high marginal income enterprise in the county that requires minimal additional capital injection. It has a stable international market with predictable profits. Despite the stability, there is room for improvement especially in terms of returns to smallholder farmers and enhancing production per unit area. There is an opportunity in the introduction of high value varieties, streamlining and mainstreaming the marketing channels through a more inclusive involvement of the county government and general smallholder farmers by speeding up friendly policy formulations e.g. the ban of middle-men. 204 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 204 2017 - 2027 iv) Low market shares but with growth potential. Though the county has notable tourist attractions portfolio, the tourist flow is currently low. The tourism potential lies in harnessing the strong cultural heritage, agro-tourism, edu-tourism and eco-tourism. Deliberate investment effort shall be channelled towards improving tourism related infrastructure, attractive packages and aggressive marketing locally, regionally and globally. Policy Statements The aim of the economic strategy is “to promote economic prosperity through sustainable sector developments and enhancing market system.” The specific objectives are: i) Sustainable development: Environmental, economic and social aspects; ii) Equitability and diversity: Recognizing the need to pull all citizens forward. To operationalize the strategy, three policy statements, and accompanying programs, have been formulated. 1) To promote economic prosperity through sustainable sector developments and enhancing market system. Though productivity is evident at household level, this is usually consumption oriented with little effort to monetize. Small scale holders account for over 50% of land titles. Farmers point to the lack of proper information and the lack of organized markets. • Promotion of value addition farm extension services: Value addition services that include market information • Set up of a central farmers’ markets in Kapkatet, Sondu, Rotet and Fort Ternan. Centrality of location and connectivity of the market to border counties through major roads • Pilot a mobile-based grain commodity exchange market: This has been experimented successfully in Tigania West in Meru county. The basis of developing the platform is informed by the observed doubling of market prices of grain crops three months after harvest. • Promoting region based commercial groups: Most crops are geographically concentrated making it easier to pool farmers’ commodities and improve market outcomes. This could take the form of SACCOs that integrate 2) To promote Kericho county’s competitiveness, productivity and entrepreneurship. There is growing concern of farmland subdivision below economic viable units. There is also evidence of pseudo-urbanization characterized by lack of decent jobs and proliferation of squatter settlements in towns. This is usually attributed to population movement to urban settlements without corresponding development or change in the structure of the economy. • Designation of three Strategic Economic Planning Areas (SEPAs): This is based on the dominant mainstay of households, ownership and spatial characteristics. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 205 2017 - 2027 Such designation attracts investments and allows focus of county resources towards pooled goals. • Building a more enterprising culture by developing strategic partnerships between training and research establishments and farmers to promote enterprise and innovation throughout the education system. This will then generate network forums and mentoring opportunities as well as international certification. • Conducting a valuation survey of environmental assets to promote conservation and improvement. This will inform buy-in of communities who now engage in degradation of riparian area for agricultural purposes • The county to strategically place itself through industrial developments; to be the leading LREB supplier of agricultural commodities (tea, dairy, coffee and high value crops e.g. pineapple and avocadoes etc) and non-agriculture products e.g. Kedowa building stones, cement, steel etc; develop logistical hubs at Kericho, Sondu and Kipkelion towns to promote market exchange and access, agro-eco and health tourism 3) To promote social inclusion and broad participation in the county’s economy. Though the county’s economy is predominantly agricultural driven, there exists a significant demography of non-land owners who may not have access to land to improve incomes. There are also regions with low agricultural productivity necessitating alternative means of livelihood. • Promoting industrialization of extractive industry: The natural stone dressing and sand harvesting is predominant in Kipkelion East constituency which registers the highest levels of unemployment in the county. Institutionalizing these industries progresses them beyond informality and allows higher revenues to be realized within the county. • Build capacity for milk production and marketing of milk products. Dairy farming has been associated with rural households hence promoting the rural development agenda. The average rural household in the county has 3 cows with a daily average milk production of 8 litres per cow. This production is approximately half of a rural farmer in Murang’a county. There is therefore a potential for significant improvement of household livelihoods by improving milk production outcomes. 4) Strategic Economic Planning For the realization of the strategy, three strategic economic planning areas (SEPAs) have been identified as shown illustrated in Map 49. The three SEPAs with their potential areas of influence are as follows: 1) Large Scale cash crops • Predominant areas: Bureti, Belgut, Ainamoi • Estimated Zone Area: 620 Square Kilometres • Impact (Estimated Households): 30,000 (25% of population) 206 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 206 2017 - 2027 Map 49: Economic Development Strategy KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 207 2017 - 2027 208 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 208 2017 - 2027 • Strategic Economic Towns (SETs): Kericho • Economy Tea • Spatial risk factors: Land fragmentation, soil erosion, poor infrastructure 2) Food Basket • Predominant areas: Kipkelion West and Kipkelion East • Estimated Zone Area: 610 Square Kilometres • Impact (Estimated Households): 70,000 (50% of population) • Strategic Economic Towns (SETs): Roret, Kipkelion, Kapkatet, Fort tenan • Economy: Maize, Beans, Sorghum, Milk • Strategic value chain industries • Spatial risk factors: Land fragmentation, soil erosion, poor infrastructure 3) Industrial/ Extraction • Predominant areas: Soin Sigowet, Kipkelion east • Estimated Zone Area: 473.2 Square Kilometres • Impact (Estimated Households): 30,000 (25% of population) • Strategic Economic Towns (SETs): Soin, Kedowa • Economy: stone dressing, brick making and sand harvesting • Spatial risk factors: Environmental degradation. 14.3.3. Improving access to Quality Social Services Social services are activities designed by a government and its development partners to promote the social well-being of its people with particular needs. These services include: education, health, recreation, emergency services, governance & public administration, cultural centres and community facilities. Provision of these services is aimed at promoting social change, protect vulnerable groups and development in society. All these are anchored by SDGs, The Kenya Constitution, Vision 2030, NSP and regulating policies. Education is an essential tool for achieving sustainability as it allows citizens to acquire knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that are necessary to shape a sustainable future. This is enhanced through promotion of healthcare which ensures progress in basic human values of saving and improving lives. Government is mandated to provide security for human life and investments by enacting and operationalising necessary policy, legal and institutional framework. Access to government services by all without prejudice is a noble responsibility of every government institution. Other important social services include recreation, tourism, culture, sports and community services whose benefits are improvement of human well-being, individual empowerment and promotion of inclusive communities. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 209 2017 - 2027 Goals and Objectives The County Government has set out “to promote social inclusion, diverse cultural prospects and quality life through provision of basic social services”. This goal has been set out to be achieved through the following objectives: • Promotion of access to education, health and social services through adequate essential supplies and equipment, infrastructure improvement and staffing. • Safeguarding institutional ownership by facilitating land registration and provision of ownership documents. • Promotion of sustainable public health practices through awareness and provision of supporting infrastructure such as public toilets, smoking zones and cemeteries. i) Education Sector The overall assessment indicates that the county has no deficit in ECD and primary schools however there is a slight deficit in the number of secondary schools for the planning period. Despite the number of basic education facilities, quality of education and transition rates remain a challenge. Policy Statements The county has adopted strategies aimed at improving the learning environment through the following policies and programs. 1) Promote access to basic education to all • Ensure physical access to ECD centres within 2km walking distance for young children. An inventory including geographical location of all the public ECD schools to be carried out including an assessment of their status in terms of location, physical infrastructure, staffing and enrolment. • Ensure that all the ECD centres are in good physical condition through construction of new and/or renovation of existing facilities. • Improve staffing, management and equip all ECD centres. This will be achieved through streamlining management, regular inspection, standardized curriculum and procuring required teaching materials. • Promote access to education for people living with disabilities. There is need to liaise with national PWDs agencies to carry out assessment on special needs schools. 2) Improve transition in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions • An inventory and assessment of public primary and secondary schools to document their geographic location, physical infrastructure, staffing and enrolment status. 210 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 210 2017 - 2027 • Improve the physical condition of education facilities • Put in place education incentive strategies for needy students 3) Enhance quality of education • Strict enforcement of approved education programs. • Liaise with national institutions and development agencies to adopt programs such as Tusome or Preide to enhance quality of education while ensuring recommended teacher-student ratio is achieved. • Secure land for all public schools by provision of ownership documents. • Encourage Public Private Partnership in development programs 4) Promote skills development in the county • Strengthen vocational training through infrastructure development and staffing. • Operationalization of non-functional youth polytechnics and construction of new facilities where required. The optimal distribution of educational facilities is critical in ensuring equity. Map 50 shows the distribution of education facilities, deficit areas and optimal sites for location of new facilities. ii) Health Sector The overall assessment indicates that most health facilities are in good condition, however, stocking of drugs and medical supplies is inconsistent and inadequate personnel. Policy Statement Provide access to effective, safe and quality health services for all residents of Kericho County. The county plans to improve access to effective, safe and quality health services for all its residents through the following initiatives; • Ensure access to a health facility by locating them within a walking distance of 5km as per the ministry of health standards. • Prepare an inventory and assessment of health facilities to include geographic location, status, staffing, services and utilization. • Review staffing levels and capacity in all the health facilities to address imbalances in the number of trained and competent staff. • Provide the required health services at the appropriate level of the health system by equipping and operationalizing all the health facilities in the county. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 211 2017 - 2027 • Strengthen patient referral system while considering national guidelines. • Consistent supply of essential medicines/drugs and consumables; Establish and endorse a standardized essential medicines and medical supplies containing items appropriate for the health facility needs at different levels and adapt an effective medicines management system with KEMSA, to ensure essential medicines for the treatment of common illnesses are available at all times. • Provision of emergency services. Equip every sub-county hospital (Level IV) with an ambulance. • Promote public health and sanitation. Initiate health education programs to the public, provide appropriate health facilities in all urban centres such as, toilets and smoking zones and strengthen enforcement of public health regulations • Strengthen leadership, coordination and health financing. Provide financial and technical support to the health system to cover any financial gaps e.g. promoting signing up to NHIF through the network of health facilities across the county and coordinate health programs for local and external partners. The optimal distribution of health facilities is essential in ensuring access to health services. Map 51 shows the distribution of health facilities, optimal selection of facilities to upgrade for different levels of care and priority facilities for operationalization. iii) Governance, Administration and Security Whereas law enforcement, security and administration of justice is considered adequate in Kericho, their functionality, status and level of utilization is largely unknown and is coupled with uncoordinated county and national government activities. To curb this, initiatives aimed at improving synergy in provision of government services have been formulated as follows: Map 52 shows the distribution of various governance, administrative and security institutions. Policy Statement Improve access to government and security services • Modernization of physical infrastructure. This is aimed at reorganizing provision of governance services at the lowest administrative level. To do this there is need to prepare detailed inventory on infrastructure and staffing at these facilities. This will facilitate assessment of decentralized functions from the county and sub-county levels. • Promote unity and cohesion among different communities in the county, organize and participate in peace building initiatives in collaboration with national institutions like NCIC through public barazas. This will also create awareness on government development programs. • Promote coordination between the national and county administrative levels, liaise with the relevant national institutions to streamline county and national administrative structures to ensure seamless coordination of government services. 212 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 212 2017 - 2027 Map 50: Education Development Strategy KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 213 2017 - 2027 214 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 214 2017 - 2027 Map 51: Health Development Strategy KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 215 2017 - 2027 216 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 216 2017 - 2027 Map 52: Administrative and Security Development Strategy KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 217 2017 - 2027 218 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 218 2017 - 2027 Map 53: Community Empowerment Development Strategy KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 219 2017 - 2027 220 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 220 2017 - 2027 iv) Recreation, tourism, culture, sports and community services Tourism sector is faced with a myriad of challenges ranging from undeveloped sites, poor access roads, lack of reliable transport to the sites, lack of signage and non-existent marketing. Community centres are either non-existent or non-operational. These are social halls which are seldom available to the public. Recreation and sport facilities are concentrated in Kericho and Kapkatet towns (Map 53). Towards improving these standards, the following development strategies have been formulated. Policy Statement 1) Empower local community through establishment of community centres • Improve well-being, participation of local community in social and economic development. Plan, construct and equip community centres with social halls, community libraries, recreation facilities, ICT centres, PWD and the aged facilities and county administrative offices among other facilities within recommended walking distance of 5 km. • Improve the social wellbeing of the vulnerable in the county through making an accurate register. Establish social protection program e.g. cash transfer to people living with severe disabilities and liaise with the national institutions for success of the Inua Jamii program. Strictly reserve a specific and substantial employment and business opportunities such as tenders to PWD in the county. 2) Enhance economic opportunities through sustainable tourism development • Planning, development and investment in tourism and cultural sites. Construct and equip various tourist and cultural sites, improve access to the sites and provide reliable transport to the sites. • Develop, package and promote, unique tourism products afforded by the county. Promote agro-tourism by planning and developing nature trails and tourism circuit across the beautiful rivers, forest, and tea landscape of the county. 3) Enhance economic opportunities, promote unity and cohesion through development of sports • Development of a sustainable and diverse sport and recreation industry. Construct, renovate and properly equip various stadia in major urban centres • Develop and nurture athletics talent in the County. Establish a countywide athletics talent identification program and develop a suitable facilities training and skill development. • Develop and nurture performing arts. Provide space and professional support to talented artists, establish at least one centre for performing arts and music in the county and organize regular concerts, sporting and cultural events such as marathons. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 221 2017 - 2027 14.3.4. Provision of Functional Physical Infrastructure and Systems In view of the national development strategies, the Transport and Infrastructure sector has been articulated as fundamental for national, regional and local development and growth. The Vision 2030 recommends integration of infrastructure development projects. The National Spatial Plan empowered by the Vision 2030, envisions the overall goal as to strengthen and create linkages to agricultural, tourist and urban areas. Contextually, the main strategy put forward by the Kericho County Spatial Plan intends to improve on physical infrastructure and related systems. The major aspects entail improving transportation, energy, water supply and sanitation systems. This will in turn provide consistent linkages to socio-economic drivers. Consequently, it is anticipated that the standard of living for the locals will significantly improve considering the economic potential of Kericho county. This is in tandem with the county goals for the transport and water sectors which are “to improve standards of living through affordable, reliable and efficient transport and infrastructural systems” and “to promote the living standard of the County residents through ensuring affordable water and sanitation services, and a clean safe environment for all” respectively. This strategy will be achieved through the following objectives • To enhance accessibility to institutions and services • To facilitate transit of agricultural produce and inputs, to and from farms and markets • To increase access to safe water and basic sanitation • To enhance solid waste management • To promote use of energy saving devices, and uptake and utilization of alternative renewable energy. i) Transport Policy Statement Improvement of transport infrastructure and systems to enhance accessibility, linkages and free circulation. Map 54 shows transport and infrustructure development strategy. This policy will be achieved through the following programs: Roads • Separation of traffic: Population influx directly increases capacity demand on the existing roads provisions. Primary arterial and urban roads on secluded sections have an overwhelmed capacity to accommodate human and vehicular traffic hence serious congestion. The county government shall liaise with other agencies including KENHA and KURRA to re-design roads to improve capacity and separate various forms of traffic. This will further enhance inter-modality and improve safety for road users. 222 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 222 2017 - 2027 • Link Roads: Key link roads and sections of poor condition or missing links will be identified and prioritized for opening up, improvement, upgrading & maintenance. This includes construction of by-passes and ring road to ease congestion in Kericho town as well as construction of bridges on some road sections. • Terminal Facilities: The County Government shall acquire land for building new and expansion of existing terminal and parking facilities in urban areas. This will enhance better, faster circulation and an efficient, organized matatu industry for inter and intra-county travels. • Improvement and Maintenance of Rural Roads: The county government will carry out grading, gravelling and routine maintenance of rural roads under the county’s jurisdiction. • Improvement of Road Junctions Capacity: Construct roundabouts and interchanges where there is traffic congestion. • Drainage in Urban Centres: Improvement of drainage in urban centres. • Road Marking and Signage: The county shall identify and liaise with national roads authorities to mark and install signage on roads. Air • Securing Land for Air Fields: The county government shall secure land for future development of air fields. • Upgrading of Kerenga Airstrip: Measures will be instituted between KAA and the county government to upgrade Kerenga Airstrip infrastructure and operationalise it consequently promoting commercial usage. • Public Private Partnership in Air Transport: The county government will reach an agreement with the private multinational airfields, to open them up to the public in cases of emergency services. Rail • Revival of existing railway line. The county government will liaise with other counties and Kenya Railways to operationalize the existing railway line within the viable regional economic bloc • SGR Terminus in the county. The county government to liaise with the Kenya Railways to establish SGR termini within the county. This will open up the abutting areas for regional economic potential. ii) Water and Sanitation Urban Setting In urban areas the key challenges are coverage of the reticulation system particularly in informal and peri-urban settlements, losses due to illegal connections and unaccounted KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 223 2017 - 2027 for water (UFW) and high cost of operations and maintenance. However, formation of commercially oriented autonomous water companies like KEWASCO and TILWASCO has significantly improved performance of service provision, cost recovery and sustainability. The investment needs and maintenance costs for sewerage systems are much higher than for water supply systems. In areas where settlements are unplanned and consumption of water is low, sewerage systems cannot viably be built and operated. In Kericho town where sewerage systems exist, a large proportion of households are not connected due to a small are of coverage of the system. In other medium towns in the county sewerage services do not exist. Rural Setting Majority of rural water supply sources are non-piped systems. The small-scale piped systems face challenges of sustainability, reliability (insufficient source, maintenance) and water quality. Sustainability of rural water facilities is affected by limited community ownership of the water systems and insufficient maintenance. In addition, communities are often not adequately trained in running the installations and management aspects, such as book-keeping. They also register a high turnover of committee members. Many rural providers are not operating professionally enough and are not commercially- oriented, leading to low performance and collapse. Sanitation issues do not yet receive the same attention as water in rural areas. Coverage of sanitation can only be achieved with basic sanitation installations responding to requirements such as number of users, security, environmental compatibility and acceptability. Policy Statement Sustainable access to safe water and sanitation to all. Map 55 shows water sector development strategy. This policy will be achieved through the following water and sanitation programs: • Expand access to safe water and conserve water sources • Completion of Development of a County Integrated Water and Sanitation Master Plan (IMaP): The IMaP will outline strategies for universal access of Water and Sewerage Services in the county. It will also guide planning, implementation and management of water infrastructure in the county. • Water Resources Management: The county Government shall, in partnership with all stakeholders, put into place integrated land management programs for the county to facilitate conservation and preservation of water catchment areas and resources. • Increase sustainability, access and benefits of economies of scale • Completion of ongoing water supply projects: The county will put in place a plan to improve the operational capacity for the existing water supply 224 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 224 2017 - 2027 schemes particularly those operated by KEWASCO and TILWASCO. This will be achieved by completing and expanding the already started feasible projects and construction of water treatment facilities. • Water Supply to Kericho Town and surrounding shopping centres: Improvement of current system to reduce the water losses and enhancing the capacity. • Water Supply to Litein, Kapkatet and surrounding shopping centres: Litein is a municipality and Kapkatet is an important strategic market for the region with many institutions. The two settlements are approximately 5 kilometres apart and would be viable to establish on water supply system for the two. • Water Supply to Londiani, Kipkelion and Fort Ternan Town and surrounding shopping centres: The settlements fall on the same basin close to Kipchorian river and can take advantage of gravity to supply to Kipkelion and Fort Ternan from the ongoing Masaita dam in londiani. Additional consideration for water harvesting and storage for the system to cater for irrigation in these lowlands of Buchenge, and Fort Ternan etc. Masaita dam is already in the national water master plan. • Water Supply to Kabianga, Chepyogaa urban area and surrounding shopping centres: The settlement is currently receiving an influx of population due to the university and other education facilities, industries, and improvement of infrastructure. For efficiency, there is need to synchronize all the water supply schemes and enhance the capacity to meet the current and future demand. • Water Supply to Sondu: sondu is a strategic town due to transport network and its centralityshared by our counties. It is also the proposed terminus for the SGR to Kisumu. • Water Supply to Kipsitet and Proposed Industrial Park urban area; Koru dam: Kipsitet is a transit town and expected to be a dormitory town for the upcoming industrial park. The proposed industrial park is projected to have more than 30 industries. • Itare Dam: Provide offtake to supply Chepsir, Chepseon, Kedowa and Londiani Junction water • Enhance investments and ownership for sustainable access to water in the rural areas • Strengthen Management of Water Supply Projects: The County in consultation with other stakeholders shall consider increasing the capacity of the water user committees involved in water supply management. • Water Supply to marginalized and isolated areas: In the short term, the county shall consider doing borehole explorations and drilling in areas currently underserved particularly in the low lands. Kericho county is to consider the use of solar water pumping to ensure sustainable cost of pumping. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 225 2017 - 2027 • Encourage household water harvesting measures through use of tanks to promote sustainable water supply. • Expand and increase sustainability of sewerage systems and solid waste management • Sewerage Services in urban areas: The county government will expand sewerage system in Kericho urban area. This will entail upgrading and construction of connection of reticulation infrastructure in a bid to enhance utilization of existing treatment plants and service provision. • On the same note the county government will also plan and construct waste- water management facilities in major urban areas (Londiani, Kabianga, Litein and Kapkatet) • Solid Waste Management: Develop a solid waste management plan, with possibility of one plant and holding areas in major towns. iii) Energy Policy Statement Enhance exploitation, harnessing and utilization of various forms of energy • Encourage utilization of renewable energy including biogas from septic tanks which is the most common liquid waste disposal method in Kericho as well as from farms using bio-digesters. • The county will promote new developments like housing, street lighting, among others to install with renewable energy source infrastructure such as solar panels. • Encourage the use of energy saving cooking stoves in households and institutions. • Training of alternative energy artisans. • Establishment of energy resources development section. • Encourage the residents to establish woodlots in their farms to provide firewood. 226 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 226 2017 - 2027 Map 54: Transport and Infrastructure Development Strategy KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 227 2017 - 2027 228 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 228 2017 - 2027 Map 55: Water Sector Development Strategy KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 229 2017 - 2027 230 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 230 2017 - 2027 14.3.5. Proper Planning and Management of Human Settlements The county is experiencing unprecedented growth with various development activities competing for space attributed to the fast growth of urban centres such as Kericho, Litein, Chepseon, Kipsitet and the proposed Soin industrial park. For the last ten years, the urban population has increased leading to horizontal expansion of urban areas. In rural areas, there is also demand for proper housing and sanitation. The plan overall goal is “enhancing systematic and ordered human settlements through proper land-use planning”. This will enhance balanced development, service delivery and provide better systems for governance. The objectives of the plan for this sector are: • To encourage balanced and controlled development through land use planning and allocation of resources. • Provide framework for implementation of urban and rural development projects • To guide sustainable land-use development Policy Statement 1) Creation of human Settlement hierarchy In order to promote equal development and service delivery, the county government shall invest in strategic human settlement centres. The hierarchy is set to support development in the sectors of housing, employment creation, and social and physical infrastructure provision. Investment in these sectors will be streamlined to ensure there is a maximum economic return without compromising environmental sustainability. To promote sustainable and balanced human settlement development, the following hierarchy structure will be adopted. A total of 87 settlements were evaluated and 15 of them have been identified as centres of strategic interests. The settlements are listed in Table 54 and Map 56. Role of growth centre 1 and 2 These settlements have a key function as mainly administrative and shall play a key role in stimulating economy and supporting commercial activities. Kericho and Litein municipalities functions includes administration and also offers a wide range of commercial services such as banking, insurance and retail. Sub-county headquarters also serve administrative and commercial functions. Role of growth centre 3 Growth centres in hierarchy 3 shall be promoted and developed for the purpose of regional balance. Value addiction agro-based industries will be located here to provide employment opportunities and also act as a catalyst for attracting other investments such housing and retail related development. For instance in Kapsorok, the proposed Kapsorok university and proposed upgrade of Sondu-Kapsorok-Kipsitet road are expected to spur development. To manage human settlements, the county must ensure sustainable expansion of urban centres. Conversion of agricultural areas into urban related activities shall be monitored KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 231 2017 - 2027 and controlled. Towns will not be allowed to spill over into environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands, hilly areas or conservation zones. Development applications shall conform to development standards to be set by the county government to ensure conservation of land for food production and promotion of compact development for ease of service provision. Table 54: Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements Growth Centre Growth Centre 2: Growth Others (Market & Rural Centres) 1 Municipal Sub-County Headquar- Centre 3 Headquarters ters and Major Towns Kericho Ainamoi Londiani, Kapsorok Tegat Lemotit Sosit Litein Sosiot Chepseon Mtaragon Cheborge Gwitu Chemoiwa Kabianga Kipkelion Torsogek Sachang’wan Cheboin Litein Fort Tenan Simbi Simboiyon Cheplanget Kapkatet, Kipsitet Iraa Miti Tatu Kipsolu Roret Sigowet Kalyongwet Londi- Kimugul ani-Farmers Sondu Soliat Tepkutwet Chepcholiet Maili~Nne Kaylet Kiptewit Tuiyobei Kajeliba Bagoiyot Cheptuiyet Cherara Kibugat Mindililwet Kapkelek Kipsirichet Kapsaos Chepngetuny Kokwet Tendwet Taplotin Chebirbei Buchenge Kapcheban- Chepkemel goror Kapseger Kiplalmat Kaitui Kaptenet Lelu Kamaget Jagoror Mtaragon Murao Akwai Kebeneti Ndubusat Kapcheplan- ga Seretut Nyairobi 2) Planning and implementation of Urban Development Plans In promoting sustainable human settlements, the county must implement the existing plans including the Kericho Municipality ISUD and Local Physical Development Plans prepared for Londiani, Litein, Kabianga and Sondu. Development control as stipulated in the physical development plans must be enforced. Other listed strategic towns need 232 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 232 2017 - 2027 Map 56: Human Settlement Strategy KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 233 2017 - 2027 234 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 234 2017 - 2027 urgent planning and will be part of development programs priority list. While planning these strategic human settlements, the plans will be accompanied by zoning guidelines and implementation mechanism. The new plans shall propose measures to control ribbon/linear development (discourage development along roads etc.) 3) Provision of key physical Infrastructure For robust human settlement, provision of key physical and social infrastructure facilities is essential. The County must ensure that in all strategic human settlements, there is provision of critical services including waste management, emergency services, urban infrastructure, quality water supply, reliable energy supply and coordinated transport systems. Capital investment will be done in all towns. 4) Promotion of better urban governance The county shall ensure that there is public participation in the management and daily running of urban development. The county will therefore fast-track the process of formation and operationalisation of various urban management boards/committee in all urban centres with priority given to selected strategic human settlement centres. 5) Promotion and provision of affordable housing The Government of Kenya prioritises the need to provide housing to its citizens with an annual target of 138,000 units. A number of housing challenges face Kericho residents including high costs of buildings and lack of access to development funds. In recognising the need for the residents to access affordable and quality housing, the county government will work closely with the national government to realise this goal. Priority housing projects shall be undertaken at all sub-county headquarters. Additionally, special attention shall be given to the other urban nodes in order of priority. To achieve this goal, the following measures shall be put in place: • Zoning: Preparation of development plans shall ensure that special zones are set aside to cater for residential needs. Various mixed-use developments will be introduced to ensure that people are accommodated close to place of work hence reducing travelling demands and the growth of informal settlements. In areas zoned for residential purposes, services shall be provided including social and physical infrastructure to ensure they are attractive and sustainable. • Affordable housing scheme: To improve the number of units, the county government will foster a working relationship with the various sectors both private and public through: i) Encouraging adoption of affordable and new building technologies ii) House-pooling and iii) Public-private partnership KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 235 2017 - 2027 • Development of design schemes/prototypes for various housing zones i) Site and service scheme ii) Prototype building designs • Informal settlement renewal and re-generation i) Creation of policies on minimum housing development standards. ii) Slum upgrading schemes 14.3.6. Sustainable Utilization and Conservation of the Natural Environment Environment and natural resources are valuable assets that must be sustainably utilized by the current and future generations. The natural resources include forests, surface and ground water, air, sunlight, and minerals while the environment is the totality of the surrounding including the physical features. The status of the environment in the county is threatened by unsustainable land uses and drastic effects of climate change. Nonetheless, the environment and natural resources offer a wide range of benefits and opportunities for the county and national economic development. Tree cover and wetlands contribute significantly to environmental conservation. Kenya’s forest cover is estimated at 7% (Kenya Natural Resources Alliance, 2017), natural and planted forests in Kericho covers about 23% of its land mass (Geo Maestro 2017). It is majorly contributed by the Mau and Tinderet Forests which are largely natural forests with selected areas reserved for woodlots. Planted forests exist in small pockets within tea plantations and private land. Other land uses included are conservancies e.g. Chebulu in Soin and other areas where land has been conserved in its natural state. These conserved areas are mainly covered by bushes. Environmental degradation is more pronounced in the Nyando basin in comparison part of the county. This and other environmental challenges are dominant mainly due to lack of awareness and how they affect the quality of life. Farmers need sensitization and support for environmental conservation measures e.g. agroforestry, terracing and protection of riparian areas. The environment, natural resource and conservation goal of Kericho county is “to promote for sustainability through proper utilization of the available natural resources and ensure a clean and safe environment for all”. Towards attainment of the goal, the following specific objectives were identified as drivers; i) Enhance enforcement of the existing Environmental policies; ii) Formulate environmental policies and domesticate national environmental policies; iii) Promote proper solid and liquid waste management systems; iv) Conduct regular spatial inventory of environmental resources to enhance protection and conservation; 236 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 236 2017 - 2027 v) Promote environmental and conservation awareness The proposed implementation policies and programs advocate for active participation of stakeholders at all levels. In this regard, a number of strategic actions will guide the implementation of this strategy. Policy Statement 1) Sustainable use, protection and conservation of natural environment. • Proper coordination in implementation of environmental action plans Despite the Fact that development projects bring out positive socio-economic growth, there have been cases of negative environmental impacts. These have been brought about by projects failing to implement environmental management plans or lacking altogether. To mitigate environmental impacts, the county government shall take up an active role. Through the existing County Environment Committees, the county shall ensure there is a coordinated effort in overseeing implementation of environmental management plans committed by developers in the EIA study reports through county environmental committees. Areas in need of urgent action include quarries in Kipkelion East and West, Bureti and Soin/Sigowet sub-counties, road projects and high-rise buildings. • Periodic Natural Resource Inventory To achieve sustainable resource utilization, the county government shall develop an inventory of its natural resources to take stock, evaluate and manage these resources. These shall be achieved through: - • Establishment of a resource centre: The County will establish a one-stop environment and natural resource data and information centre. This centre will have a management system charged with collecting, collation, profiling, and analysing forms of natural resource data found in the County. • Establishment of a database which will act as a baseline for further interventions, improvements, monitoring, and evaluation of strategies implemented to safeguard environmental resources. • Protection of Environmentally sensitive areas Environmentally sensitive areas within the county include rivers, swamps, forests, hilltops, cliffs, gorges and steep slopes. These areas when subjected to unsuitable land use will lead to environmental degradation whose effects to the general environment might be dire and hence require special protection. To protect these areas, the County will deploy sustainable land use mechanism including limited/ controlled land uses on hilltops and riparian areas. • Demarcation and Conservation of Water towers Kericho county is endowed with water towers that give rise to major rivers that drain to Lake Victoria. All these rivers among them Sondu, Kipchorian, and Nyando contribute KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 237 2017 - 2027 to water resources in other parts of the country thus enhancing the national efforts of making water secure when conserved. The county already has running programs in selected riparian areas where demarcation has been done and trees planted e.g. along Nyando river near Kipkelion town. Wetlands which are threatened shall be identified and conservation measures undertaken. • Establishment of Resource Management Plans County Government shall prepare resource-based management plans to promote sustainable utilization of its resources. The plans will cover: - • Water Resource Master Plans: The county government will call all other state actors in the water sector to develop a strategic water resources master plans so as to ensure equitable and sustainable utilisation of water resources. These includes identify water sources for current demands and future demands including acquisition and protection of strategic areas for development. • Management of Catchment areas: A multi-sectoral approach to bring together different departments whose functions and operations affect water resources in view of coordinating all their activities to ensure catchment protection, soil conservation measures and waste management. Priority shall be given to Nyando and Sondu catchment areas. • Management of Solid Waste Disposal Sites: Further consultations need to be undertaken to identify a strategic solid waste disposal site in Kipsitet considering the opportunity costs on land and subsequent costs relating to environmental, technical, social and economic impacts. Optimization of solid waste disposal shall include segregation at source, recycling and conversion to energy by the operator. Further, establish transfer stations in all towns. • Trans-County Resources: Natural resources cut across counties and require a coordinated approach in their management. Therefore, the county government of Kericho will coordinate and consult all the stakeholders including LVBDA, LVSWSB, WRA, WTA and neighbouring counties. • Public Participation on Environmental Utilization and Conservation Nyando basin is experiencing accelerated degradation due to the rapidly changing land uses. Residents take environmental issues seriously and the county need to take an active role to sensitize them more on environmental protection. Coordination of this strategy by Water, Energy, Environment, Forestry and Natural Resources ministry with Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock agricultural extension services is noble, given that a big percentage of the population are farmers. • Establishment of Tree Planting Program The County has seven gazetted forests comprising of the South Western Mau Forest Reserve that occupies a total area of 32,700 Ha, Makutano Forest covers 5,474 Ha, Tendeno Forest 723 Ha, Kuresoi Forest 7,366 Ha, Londiani Forest 9,015 Ha, Malagat Forest Station 3,137 Ha and Sorget Forest Station 6,856 Ha. Private 238 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 238 2017 - 2027 Map 57: Environmental Development Strategy KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 239 2017 - 2027 240 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 240 2017 - 2027 forests within the county are majorly owned by James Finlay Tea and Unilever Tea. The forests are situated in Londiani and within the tea estates. The county’s forest cover is about 23% coverage with gazetted forests accounting for over 90% of forested areas. To improve forest cover to at least 10% of the county land, there is need to start afforestation and re-forestation programs especially in the farms. The county shall establish tree nurseries of suitable indigenous tree species in all the primary schools and county facilities. The trees will be supplied to the community to plant in their farms (woodlots). • Establish a Monthly Environmental Day Environmental clean-up in urban and environmentally sensitive areas shall be established and conducted monthly henceforth. This can be done in partnership with institutions and firms where a pool of resources both human and financial can be achieved. This program will create awareness on the need for a clean environment and instil environmental management consciousness to the locals. • Provide Government incentives on environmental conservation efforts The county government needs to further legislate on environmental laws which are county-specific and give incentives such as tax relief to entities that make specific efforts to incorporate environmental protection in their operations. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 241 2017 - 2027 242 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 242 2017 - 2027 Chapter 15 Implementation Matrix and Capital Investment Plan The chapter outlines pragmatic implementation criteria for specific programmes and projects to actualize the county spatial plan. Further, it presents the capital investment plan on key projects as well as monitoring & evaluation criteria KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 243 2017 - 2027 15.1. Implementation Matrix This section highlights strategies towards implementing the proposed interventions within Kericho county. It culminates framework for projects’ implementation through a detailed matrix clearly showing different programs and concerned actors divided into various implementation timelines. 15.1.1. Agriculture Agriculture Project Cost phasing Estimates Actors Short Policy/Program Projects Program Description term Medium Long term (1-2 term (3-5 (6-10 Total Cost   years) years) years) Map and delineate Map and the high and medium delineate high potential agricultural and medium zones to enhance potential protection from agricultural encroachment       6,000,000.00 Safeguard zones of the of incompatible, agricultural county. unregulated and lands against uncoordinated land fragmentation/ uses. land sub-division Review and revise and urbanization Review and the policy to outline revise county the standards, Internal agriculture recommendations development and guidelines to       policy be adhered to in the * different agriculture Ministry of Agriculture potential zones. Livestock and Fisheries, KALRO, Adopt the County Government proposed Establish a of Kericho agriculture committee to oversee department of potential specialization agriculture Livestock production agriculture and Fisheries, NGO’s zones based on       * & Public-Private- the competitive advantage Enforce area specific Partnerships. distinct to sub- agriculture counties Promote Sustainable Introduction of Agricultural drought-resistant Introduction Intensification crops or crop of drought varieties. resistant crops in the medium potential zone i.e. Soin       * area to boost Promote growing food security of sweet potatoes, and enhance sorghum and millet by productivity. providing seedling to farmers at subsidized cost. 244 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 244 2017 - 2027 Develop irrigation schemes amongst farmers in the Promotion of small lower areas of holder irrigation Buchenge and techniques or the Soin (proposed irrigation scheme irrigation approach to increase       * potential cropping intensities zones) for the in lower areas of county to boost Buchenge and Soin productivity of high value crops such as horticulture. Investment support for fish farming. Enhance production and marketing of fish by recruiting and training on production and market access. Enhance Ministry of Agriculture County fish Livestock and production Fisheries, KALRO, Promote Supporting fingerlings program; County Government Sustainable and fish feed supply Agricultural where farmer of Kericho through either Intensification sensitization department of initial subsidy and/ will continue, agriculture Livestock or development provision of       * and Fisheries, NGO’s of necessary fingerling & Public-Private-infrastructure. and related Partnerships. extension services to targeted farmers. Promotion of fish production and consumption though field days, demonstrations and educational campaigns and facilitate fish farmers to organize themselves into farming and marketing groups for ease of market access and Construct new, Conduct baseline renovate and survey on livestock operationalize the existing cattle dips especially in       * Kipkelion East/ Provision of acaricides West and lower and establishment of parts of Soin/ Cattle to control ticks Sigowet sub- in parasites in the counties. tick-infested areas KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 245 2017 - 2027 Establish fodder fields Incentivize for the county establishment of in Kipkelion fodder fields among East and lower farmer groups parts of Soin/ Sigowet due to land availability amongst       *Supply seeds at farmers to subsidized cost to promote fodder farmers development hence Provide extension sustainable services, baling livestock machinery for hay. keeping. Continue the established program of AI to dairy Pluralize the AI farmers across program and service the county provision to dairy       * for breed farmers for breed improvement improvement towards better Ministry of Agriculture production. Livestock and Fisheries, KALRO, Promote Promote and County Government Sustainable enhance the of Kericho Agricultural apiculture Government to department of Intensification program by provide beehives, agriculture Livestock providing technology and assist       * and Fisheries, NGO’s standard farmers in marketing & Public-Private- beehives, honey and products. Partnerships. extension services Promote poultry farming County government across the to roll out incubator       * county provision initiative. Supply of inputs to farmers by extension services Promote and enhance county horticulture Water supply to group program/ farms initiative for       * high value crops across the county. Partnership with NGOs such as AMIRAN, ONE ACRE FUND etc for capacity building initiatives. 246 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 246 2017 - 2027 Annual strategic/ targeted/ objective farmer trainings and seminars across all sub-counties     ** on global best practices in agriculture to improve production, value addition etc. Develop and equip functional information centres across all sub-counties to provide Sensitization on the relevant use of internet for information research and building relating to relevant knowledge base Ministry of Agriculture agriculture Livestock and such as market Delivery of Fisheries, KALRO, prices and     ** research, County Government enterprise innovations, of Kericho specific Establishing extension and department of manuals. Liaise information centres advisory services. agriculture Livestock with other to improve efficiency and Fisheries, NGO’s departments and effectiveness & Public-Private- to have one of limited extension Partnerships. information service providers centre at every sub- county office/ headquarters. Complete and operationalize Soin Agriculture Training Construction works Institute by completing its     * construction Capacity building and equipping initiatives. it with necessary facilities Organize agricultural Sensitize the shows to create a annual Kericho venue where farmers Agricultural market produces Show to all to suppliers and     * farmers across companies and the county learn new farming techniques. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 247 2017 - 2027 Partner with Kabianga University, Kenya Forest Service, Tea Research Partnership Institute and with agricultural any other institutions to       * relevant enhance research institution and innovation for to enhance enhanced production research and innovations in agriculture sector. Support farmer Revitalize Agricultural cooperatives cooperatives to by enhancing enhance collection, cooperative processing, storage fund to revive and sale of produce. collapsed cooperatives,       * enhance existing ones Ministry of Agriculture and to offer Securing credit, Livestock and training to fertilisers, seeds and Delivery of farm machinery Fisheries, KALRO, members. research, County Government innovations, of Kericho Advocating for extension and department of implementation advisory services. agriculture Livestock of youth women and Fisheries, NGO’s relevant policies & Public-Private- Partnerships. Self-reliance skills to strengthen capacity of Set up a fund women and youth to sensitize and empower the youth groups and women groups Trainings on       ** in agriculture, small enterprise and to sponsor development for them to orphans and other agribusiness vulnerable groups ventures. programs Sexual reproductive health and HIV/ AIDs, ICT training, vocational training and youth skills development. 248 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 248 2017 - 2027 To boost production, there is need to Develop the 50- promote potato and acre Londiani pyrethrum crops and demonstration popularize the same farm that will amongst the small be used for holder farmers potatoes and pyrethrum,       * for seed multiplication, research and Demonstration cum demonstration multiplication farm to farmers. for capacity building & propagation of enough quality and clean materials for farmers. Delivery of Enhance the -Capacity building of research, sugarcane the farmer on the best innovations, demonstration agronomic and post extension and and seed harvesting practices. advisory services. research farms at Soko Huru in Soliat to -Setting up       * improve the sustainable demo Ministry of Agriculture quality of farms targeting Livestock and sugarcane specific enterprises Fisheries, KALRO, variety in offers to boost County Government partnership local agricultural of Kericho with KALRO production  department of agriculture Livestock Set up and Fisheries, NGO’s livestock, coffee & Public-Private- and sugarcane Partnerships. demonstration farms in collaboration/ liaising with     * KALRO at Norman Brooke’s farm located in Kunyak area Construct water pans in Kipkelion Construction west and Lowlands of pans within of Soin/Sigowet strategic areas to boost water locations. harvesting and Promotion of Roof-harvesting       **storage. soil and water mechanism i.e. conservation underground (Proper integration tanks   of farming with the Environment)   Encourage mulching,         infiltration ditches,       * terraces, strips KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 249 2017 - 2027 15.1.2. Economy and markets Economy and Markets Project phasing Cost Estimates Actors  Short Me-dium Long Policy/Program Projects Project Description term term term (1-2 (3-5 (6-10 Total Cost years) years) years) Development of a mobile based database to record each farmer, farm acreage, GPS location of farm, LR number, agricultural produce and       15,000,000.00 contact of the farmer. Value addition farm extension Training of farm extension officers to include services market information toolkits to farmers. Pluralistic approach (private and government officers) to       360,000.00 enhance service provision Pilot market information mobile platforms (form of 2KUZE, Farm Crowdy or NAMPYA) to connect farmers with real-time information on food hub       1,800,000.00 prices Conduct a market situational analysis in Kapka- Promote economic tet, Sondu, Kipkelion, Sosiot, Chepseon and Fort Ternan sites to establish market demographics       prosperity through 2,250,000.00 sustainable sector and geography, market trends, market infrastruc- developments and ture and market SWOT enhancing market system. Set up of a Strategic joint venture between land owners, central farm- county government of Kericho and market ven- ers’ markets dors of Chepseon & Londiani Junction informal markets to build a community food hub with       food hubs the title used as collateral and market stall rents ** collected through the county administration and paid to title holders Organize farmers into targeted production level SME’s based on the farmer data base to leverage       on big 4 - food and nutrition security 1,000,000.00 Construct and Ministry of improve mar- Establish agriculture produce market at Fort Industrialization, ket infrastruc- Ternan and Chepseon. ture in all the Treasury, County agricultural        * Government of markets in the Plan and construct usage areas to include; Kericho, NGO’s, county with shades, handling, storage, washing areas in the modern han- entire agriculture produce markets in the county. CDF dling facilities Designing of SEPA policies, land regularization Designation and licensing       1,000,000.00 of three (food Promote Kericho basket, cash crop and industrial) Design the SEPA integrated plan in line with       county competi- tiveness, productiv- Strategic Eco- regional economies. 30,000,000.00 ity and entrepre- nomic Planning Areas (SEPAs) Community and investor summits to pitch SEPAs neurship. plan       9,000,000.00 Regional Eco- Develop logistical hubs at Kericho, Sondu and nomic hubs Kipkelion * Survey and identification of plot titles regular- ization and infrastructure development within       10,000,000.00 Kedowa, Roret quarries and borrow pits. Regularization of extractive industry Award of lease title to developers of light industry natural stone and sand harvesting with special       condition - Promote social inclusion and broad participation in the county’s economy Build capacity for marketing Branding of extractive industry products eg.       of agricultural Kedowa stones, Roret sand. 6,000,000.00 produce Improvement Set up a milk processing plant for the county at of agro-pro- Kipkelion town 77,910,000.00 cessing Pack house for fruits at Ainamoi town. 10,000,000.00 250 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 250 2017 - 2027 15.1.3. Human Settlement Human Settlements Project phasing Cost Estimates  Actors Policy/ Projects Project Description Short term (1-2 Medium term years) (3-5 years) Long term (6-10 years) Total Costs Program Brooke/Kapkugerwet, Kapsoit, Kapsorok Sosit Preparation of urban area Gilimori Mtaragon Cheborgei Kipchimchim plans     100,000,000 Cheplanget Kapkatet, Chepseon/ Chesinende, Kapsurer, Revision of urban Sosiot, Roret area Plans  30,000,000.00 Completion of Ainamoi urban area plan *** Completion of Iraa market centre urban area plan Approval of Sondu urban area plan Finalization and approval of develop- Approval of Londiani urban area plan ment plans *** Approval of Kabianga urban area plan Devel- opment Approval of ISUDP for Kericho municipality Control Develop a land information database 10,000,000.00   GIS application development to Develop a Land execute land processes. Information Man- agement System (LIMS) Search, registration and approval,    10,000,000.00revenue collection To manage, update survey records (RIMS, Survey plans) Enforce zoning standards/ guide- Recruit enforcement officers       * lines and other implementation Empower the enforcement team       * mechanisms County Government of Kericho, NGOs, Public-Private partnerships, Intra-regional plan- KENSUP KUSUPEstablish three planning units to further devolu- Promotion ning units to oversee tion of service; at Kipkelion, Kericho and Litein plan implemen- to serve two sub-counties each and reporting to       *** of better County Planning Office. gover- tation nance Facilitate creation of Recruitment of personnel for the urban management municipal board for Litein and       * boards. Kericho Establish demon- Avail cheaper building technologies; soil stration centres for stabilizing, interlocking blocks technology       * affordable building in Kericho, Litein, Sondu and Kipkelion at affordable cost to reduce construction practices. costs   Stakeholder engagement with housing and financing institutions in the case of Kericho, Kipkelion,   Develop Litein and Sondu. and Foster public-private partner-     promote ship in providing affordable housing scheme for the Establish housing schemes for low, *affordable residents. medium and high-income groups     housing for above mentioned towns. Establish a committee to oversee/   monitor implementation of housing scheme projects.   Securing land for housing, utilities Land Banking and social infrastructure as proposed in the Kericho municipal IUSDP. Carry out Completion, implementation and moni- informal toring of KENSUP in Kericho municipality  62,500,000.00Develop and (i.e. Nyagacho, Majengo, Swahili village)settlement renewal enhance slum upgrading programs. Develop low cost housing schemes in and regen- Litein, Londiani and Sondu as priority       * eration. and all other urban centres to mitigate informal settlement KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 251 2017 - 2027 15.1.4. Physical Infrastructure Physical Infrastructure Project phasing Cost Estimates Actors Policy/ Program Projects Program Description Short term (1-2 years) Medium term (3-5 years) Long term (6-10years Total Costs Conduct assessment of road accessibility levels Opening up of high traffic roads, i.e., and circulation of modal along B1 highway at Brooke Stage, traffic alongside the Parkmart and Kisumu Junction in Ker- * Transport current road design and icho, Kapsoit market to open them up for infrastructural provisions. road expansion and paving. Review and revise the policy to outline the standards, recommendations and guidelines to be adhered to in the differ- * To enhance ent agriculture potential zones. traffic separa- Construct foot bridge across the B1 tion on modal Roll out a program to highway at the Hospital road junction in 20,000,000.00 basis. Improve improve road design and Kericho town road design in a install relevant road in- Erect relevant traffic signage along the bid to separate frastructure at Litein and major highways B1, C23, C24, C35, C21, motorized and Kericho municipalities, and C22. non-motorized Londiani Junction, Hill tee traffic on urban and Kapsoit * roads Erect traffic lights at the roundabouts intersecting Isaac Salaat road- John Kerich road, Kenyatta/Temple road. Upgrade Sondu-Kapsorok-Kipsitet road to bitumen standard 677,500,000.00 Upgrade Kipkelion-Hill Tee through Nandi county road to bitumen standard 125,000,000.00 Upgrade Kipkelion-Kasheen-Kama- sian-Lelu-Mtaragon- Kebeneti road to *** bitumen standard KERRA Upgrade Kapsoit-Kenegut-Kipsitet road to bitumen standard 350,000,000.00 KURA Upgrade Sitotwet-Torsogek-Kapkawa to bitumen standard 81,000,000.00 Upgrade Buchenge-Masomborik to CGK bitumen standard 36,000,000.00 Upgrade Fort tenan-Kokwet to bitumen standard 343,750,000.00 Upgrade Barsielle-Tinga farm-Kamasian to bitumen standard 245,000,000.00 Upgrade Kebeneti-Ndubusat-Cheba- rus-Chepkechei-Fort tenan road to 307,500,000.00 bitumen standard Upgrade Soin Sugar-Chemaluk- Soliat- Develop a database on all Soko Huru road to bitumen standard * roads and identify roads with dis-links and poor Upgrade/maintain Chepkemel-Kiptere surface condition within road to murram standard * the county Upgrade/maintain Kapsorok-Soin sugar road to murram * Upgrade/maintain Sigowet-Chepke- To improve mel-Kapsorok-Simbi-Kipsitet road to * linkages, acces- murram sibility, critical infrastructure Upgrade/maintain Songoronik-Iraa-Soin * and circulation sugar factory road to murram of traffic. Upgrade/maintain Kipetere-Kimoro- Redevelopment go-Soin sugar factory road to murram * of key link roads that are in poor Upgrade/maintain Ngoino-Kebenet-Pe- condition as well fa-Chemosit to murram * as relevant road Upgrade/maintain Kusumek-Kiptui road * infrastructure to murram Upgrade/maintain Kamanamsim-Samn- get-Litein road to murram * Upgrade/maintain Chemosot-Kiptoro- go-Kelelewa road to murram * Upgrade/maintain Cheboin-Tepkul- wet-Kabsuiende road to murram 152,500,000.00 Kaptebeswet - Kiphimchim –Brooke, Unilever Kaptebeswet -Tegat Open up ring roads to ease circulation in * CGK Kericho municipality Sosiot -Tegat- Kapsuser Kericho golf-course - Tea estates – Kapsuser Brooke-Kimugu -TRF-Saosa-James Finlays-Kapsuser Construction of bridges Kipkelion AIC, Kunyak-Chilchila area, near KERRA on some road sections Kongasis educational centre 10,000,000.00 KURA Storm-water drainage up- grade and maintenance Siltation, solid waste disposal hazards * CGK Kericho and Litein. which require frequent maintenance 252 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 252 2017 - 2027 Plan, construct and ex- Expansion and re-planning of bus pand terminal facilities terminus in Kericho, Kipkelion, Sondu, Londiani, * Prepare infrastructural Acquisition of land for construction of * CGKPromote development plan for terminuses at Kapsoit, Litein inter-modality the proposed Ring road Construct and operationalize local for purposes of due to safety of market circuits in Hill Tee, Londiani Junction, * KENHA efficient travels vendors and Kipsitet and institute a Floodlights to be erected along major system on local urban roads within the central business *** public transit Policy enforcement & districts of urban centres Kericho Litein and circulation. Enhancement of safety Sondu Londiani Chepseon and security is a key issue Local advertisement to communicate for abutting land uses. awareness on safety on roads to locals in urban areas *** Strategic engagements between traffic officer to drivers and pedestrians Stakeholder engagements to be initiated between KAA and the CGK on commer- Improve access, cializing flights. boost commer- cialization and Upgrade Kerenga Airstrip KAA infrastructure infrastructure and opera- 100,000,000.00 development for tionalization CGK Air transit Installation of prerequisite infrastructure and implementation of recommended layouts to be conducted at Kerenga. Refurbishment of existing railway lines (Kipkelion-Fort Ternan-Kisumu line, Renovate and reconstruct Kipkelion-Nakuru line) railway infrastructure Reconstruction and re-design of termi- within Lake Basin Eco- nuses at Kisumu, Fort Ternan, Kipkelion nomic Block and Nakuru CGK Regional railway *Purchase and placement of coaches in transit, be connection operationalized (Kisumu, Kericho, for both the Nakuru) existing and Lobby for location of an Improve transport & urban infrastructure SGR Terminus at Sondu and services at Sondu to incentivize proposed SGR location railway system for economic Subsidizing levies on goods being trans- prospects ported via the proposed infrastructure Kenya Railways Cor- Encourage use of railway poration services by offering incentives and advertising * locational advantage to Lay out provisions for intermodal local industrialists exchange at the terminal facilities mentioned above as well as the proposed Sondu SGR Use of solar panel sys- tems for street lighting All major towns and municipalities Energy Enhance Establish regulations to exploitation, require new develop- * harnessing and ments like housing, street All major towns and municipalities i.e. utilization of lighting, among others Litein and Kericho various forms to be accompanied with of energy in solar panels CGK the spirit of Training artisans on installations of resourcefulness, Incentivize households biogas, solar power utilities etc. 3,000,000.00 efficiency and and institutions to utilize Kenya Power renewable energy sources Deploy enforcement team in the depart-sustainability and establish woodlots ment of physical planning and urban for fuel. development to ensure adherence to * KENGEN policy implementation Research and Modernization and development refurbishment of electric Renovate the power substation at * to upgrade or supply utilities in the Chemosit modernize old county infrastructure and systems Conduct power resource Allocate fiscal and technical resources for potential research for research and exploration of the resource * the rivers. potential in Chemosit, Sondu-Itare rivers * Detailed Study and Assessment required to objectively cost project ** Multi-Sectoral Projects. Detailed Study and Assessment required to objectively cost project *** Ongoing projects KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 253 2017 - 2027 15.1.5. Water Supply Water Supply  Project phasing Cost estimates Actors   Short Medium Long Total CostsPolicy/ Programs Project Program Description term (1-2 term (3-5 term (6-10 years) years) years) Kapkatet Litein is a municipality and       Kapkatet is an important strategic market for the region with many 49,750,000.00 Litein institutions. The two settlements are approx. 5km apart and would       be viable to establish on water supply system for the two. 861,345,000.00 Kipkelion The settlements fall on the same       basin close to Kipchorian river and can take advantage of gravity to supply to Kipkelion and Fort 512,280,000.00 Ternan from the ongoing Masaita dam in Londiani. Londiani Additional consideration for water       harvesting and storage for the Supply of system to cater for irrigation in 509,755,000.00 sustain- these lowlands of Buchenge, Fort able Ternan etc. water Fort Ternan Masaita dam is already in the       to all national water master plan. 71,625,000.00 residents KEWASCO, County through Kabianga The settlement is currently receiv-       Government of a county ing an influx of population due to Kericho, LVSWSB, inte- the university and other education National Govern- grated facilities, industries, and improve-       80,205,000.00 ment, Private Sec- master ment of infrastructure. tor, Development plan Partners Sondu Is a strategic town due to transport       network, the centre is a cosmopoli- 143,660,000.00 tan as it is shared by four counties       Kipsitet and Kipsitet is a transit town and       the Proposed expected to be a dormitory town industrial for the upcoming industrial park. park. The proposed industrial park Is 72,690,000.00 projected to have more than 30 industries. Chepsir, Utilize the Itare Project Proposed Chepseon, offtake at Chepsir to supply Chep- Kedowa sir, Chepseon and Kedowa (County * to lobby for it) Densification of rural water schemes across the coun- Sustain- ty and management through water user committees ** able water access Encourage household water harvesting measures in rural through use of tanks to promote sustainable water areas supply. *** * Detailed Study and Assessment required to objectively cost project ** County integrated water master plan to identify abstraction points and their viability. *** Community sensitization 254 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 254 2017 - 2027 15.1.6. Social Infrastructure Project phasing Social Infrastructure  Cost Estimates Actors   Short Me-dium Policy/Program Projects Project Description term Long term (6-10 (1-2 term years) Total Cost   years) (3-5 years) Prepare an inventory including geographical Educational location of all the educational facilities (ECD Cen- Facilities Inventory tres, Primary Schools and Secondary Schools) (GIS based schools and carry out an assessment of their status in       10,000,000.00 database) terms of location, physical infrastructure, staff- ing and enrolment. Education Schools physical Renovate/improve ECD centres and construct infrastructure sanitation facilities suitable for young children       *** improvement. Promote access (Implement the Liaise with the National Government and other to basic educa- projects based on stakeholders e.g. CDF to streamline improve- tion assessment above) ment of physical infrastructure in primary and       * secondary schools. Support integrated schools (e.g.Tendeno Primary Promote access School, Charera ECD and Primary School,Lelach to education for Primary School and Kabokyek Adventist Second- people living with ary School) and equip them where required in       *** disabilities liaison with Kenya Integrated Education Program through construction of ramps, provision of wheelchairs, hearing aid, braille etc. Improve institu- Empower needy students seeking enrolment tional transition Support the needy in tertiary institutions and vocational training from primary to students pursuing centres by providing funding support. County       *** tertiary educa- tertiary education Scholarship Program to complement CDF and tional facilities HELB Adopt standardized ECD Curriculum from KICD       *** Ministry of Edu- Develop or adopt cation, County Supply all the ECD centres with books and standardized Government of required teaching materials       * quality education Kericho, NGO’s, programs CDF Support Implementation of Digital Literacy, PREIDE and TUSOME programs in schools.       *** Enhance quality Employ qualified ECD teachers and provide of education incentives for motivation       * Develop and Implement Training Curriculum for Improve staffing ECD Teachers in collaboration with TSC through       * and management Trainings during holidays of educational Implement an inspection program with specific facilities. timelines and structured feedback in all the       * schools Carry out assessment on enrolment and staffing for primary and secondary schools and provide       * support where required Secure land for Secure land for ed- Survey, plan and acquire title deeds for (Approx-educational ucational facilities imately 350) Educational institutions that don’t       35,000,000.00 facilities have. Kapsorok University       *** Establish internship programs to support and Promote skills Strengthen Voca- provide work experience to graduates from       ** various institutions. development tional Training and Polytechnics Equip Ainamoi,Chebwagan and Tebesonik poly- technics with the relevant tools and equipment       30,000,000.00 and hire qualified staff and tutors. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 255 2017 - 2027 Health facilities in- Prepare an inventory of all health facilities ventory (GIS based including their geographical location and carry health facility out assessment on their physical status, staffing       10,000,000.00 database) and utilization. Health facilities Improve physical infrastructure of the health physical infrastruc- facilities and connect all the health facilities with       * ture improvement electricity and water, sanitation facilities. Upgrade, staff and equip health facilities where needed based on assessment of population and Distribution (a) Ugrade to Level IV 5 facilities (Kipsitet, Mugu- Address staffing moini, Kamasega, Kabianga ,Cheborge)       levels through Health review of staffing (b) Upgrade to Level III 15 facilities (Tebe- needs and capacity       *sonik,Chepkunyuk, Chepsir, Kaitui, Kimugul, requirements in all Kipsegi, Koitaburot, Manyoror, Seretut, Chebirir- health facilities bei, Kapsoit, Kamwingi, Segetet, Burutu, Litein       Provide access (c) Confirm working status and operationalize to quality health Level II 11 facilities (Chepkosilen, Kasheen care services. Kapsegut, Nyalilbuch, Sitian, Kapsenda, Gwitu, Kimologit, Kelunet Keben, Butiik Dispensaries) Ministry of Health, County Enhance consistent Government supply of medical Enhance drug supply system with KEMSA, to of Kericho, supplies such as ensure essential medicines are available at all       *** NGOs,KEMSA drugs and consum- times ables. Enhance provision of emergency Equip Roret, Kapkatet, Londiani, Kipkelion, Fort services Ternan and Sigowet with an ambulance       60,000,000.00 Sensitize community to sign up to National Strengthen lead- Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) through the net-       *** ership, coordina- work of health facilities across the county tion and health financing Enrol the elderly (above 65) and PWD to NHIF Program by paying monthly contribution.       * Initiate health education programs to the public and strengthen enforcement of public health       ** regulations. Provide appropriate health facilities in public Enhance public Promote public areas such as smoking zones and ablution blocks       *** health and health and sani- sanitation tation Set aside land for cemetery in all subcounty headquarters (Londiani, Kipkelion, Sosiot, Litein, Kipsitet, Ainamoi) and maintain Kericho and       * Kapkatet Cemeteries which are full and poorly maintained Enhancement of Promote unity peace building Organize activities to promote coexistence like and cohesion initiatives through public participa- UWIANO and Nyumba Kumi*       ** tion. Improve and equip Ministry of infrastructure re- Interior and Improve access lating to public ad- Carry out assessment of physical infrastructure Coordination to government ministration such in sub counties and wards and support areas       * of National services as security centres with critical gaps Government, and government Ministry of offices Devolution County govern- and Planning, Set up a police station in Kabianga       10,000,000.00 ment to liaise with County relevant national Government of Set up police posts in Kipwastuiyo, Sigowet, Enhance devo- government insti-       12,000,000.00 Kericho.Sokohuru,Kenegut,Kasheen and Gilimori lution tutions to ensure seamless decen- tralised services to Review to harmonize administrative units for the the people two levels of government within the county       ** 256 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 256 2017 - 2027 Establish 50 community development centres across the county to entail social halls, commu- Improve partic- nity libraries, recreation facilities, ICT centres,       60,000,000.00 Develop commu- ipation of local PWD and the aged facilities and county adminis- nity centres community in so- trative offices within 5km reach.cial and economic development. Provide support to registered self-help groups through financial grants and where possible       *** support management. Reach out to and register persons living with disabilities and the elderly (above 65 years)       30,000,000.00 Ministry of Enhance social Improve the social wellbeing of the Enhance support programs eg Inua Jamii and Labour Ministry inclusion of all persons vulnerable in the proposed NHIF support program.       *** of Interior and county Coordination Revive Kericho Rehabilitation Centre and Seek of National Public Private Partnership to run the facility       * Government, Ministry of Development of Devolution Promote recre- a sustainable and Improve recreation parks and spaces in Kericho and Planning, ation diverse sport and (uhuru garden, moi garden and chelimo) and       * County recreation industry. other public spaces in other major urban centres Government of Kericho. Establish a formal process in the identification and registration of talent from school sporting       * events Promote talent Develop and nur- Establish two comprehensive sports complex development ture talents such as centre in the county (Expand and Equip Kapkatet       20,000,000.00 athletics and Kericho Stadium) County Government initiate development of a sports facility within Proposed Kapsorok       * University. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 257 2017 - 2027 Fort-Ternan Pre-historic site: Construct a decent structure for the prehistoric site, develop a gal- lery, bring back the fossils preserved in Kisumu to the site, provide access road, put a signpost       2,000,000.00 to show the location of the site, encourage ed- ucation tours and market it in conjunction with National Museums of Kenya Chebulu Conservancy: Demarcate the conser- vancy, plan and develop nature trails, provide       1,000,000.00 access and market it in conjunction with KWS. Tulwap Kipsigis Cultural Site: demarcate the site, set up a gallery on the site, provide access road, put a sign post to show the location and       2,000,000.00 Construct and market it. equip various tourist and cultural Chagaik arboretum, Chelimo arboretum, Tagabi Plan, develop sites. Monkey Sanctuary; Support maintenance of the and invest on sites, provide access, put a sign post to show       1,000,000.00 cultural and the location and market it in liaison with Kenya tourism sites Tourist board Mau Forest: Provide access to Mau forest and develop a circuit between Mau forest and tea       * plantations. Ministry of Tourism, Kapkatet museum: Construct a new structure Ministry of in a more prominent location, organize and Sports and develop a better and more spacious gallery for       2,000,000.00 Culture, County the artefacts, provide access and put a signpost Government of to show the location of the site. Kericho, KWS, KFS, KTB Telkom Satellite Station at Samburet: Construct a resort, provide access and put a signpost to       2,000,000.00 show the location of the site. Improve access to Construct, maintain all the access roads leading identified sites and to various tourist sites and provide adequate       * provide reliable signage for proper directions transport services. Organize and facilitate regular transport to various sites       ** Develop Chelimo, Tagabi, Saosa, Tea Research, Promote agro-tour- Chagaik as tourist circuit.       * Develop package ism by developing and promote nature trails and unique tourism tourism circuits Develop and implement strategic online and       products especially along print adverts that appeal to various markets rivers, forests and e.g. People interested in nature, adventure and * the tea-zones. relaxation.       Incorporate a performing arts and music within Develop and Establish a centre Kericho Convention Centre       20,000,000.00 nurture perform- for performing arts ing arts talent and music as a Organise concerts and cultural events such and music cultural element as marathons to showcase the rich cultural       * heritage. * Detailed Study and Assessment required to objectively cost project ** Multi-Sectoral Projects. Detailed Study and Assessment required to objectively cost project *** Ongoing projects 258 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 258 2017 - 2027 15.1.7. Environment and Natural Resource Environment and Natural Resource Project phasing Coat Estimates Actors Policy/Pro- Project Project Description Short Term Medium Term Long Term (6-grams (1-2 yrs) (3-5 yrs) 10yrs) CGK Coordina- tion of envi- Establishment There is need for depart- NLC ronmental and equip ment to have capacity matters and environment to monitor and manage       NEMA capacity department the environmental issues 50,000,000.00 building effectively WARMA Protection Promote The county government to CGK of Environ- enforcement of ban washing of vehicles in mentally environmen- rivers, investors to rehabili-       NEMA sensitive tal laws and tate and reclaim borrow pits 8,000,000.00 areas policies. and quarries. Creation of Public environ- sensitization Collaborate with agriculture CGK mental and on the role of sector to train farmers on conser- stakeholders riparian conservation and       NEMA vation on natural emphasize on conservation 80,000,000.00 awareness resource pro- agriculturetection. NLC Periodic Establish Carry out periodic inventory Natural environmen- on environmental resources NEMA Resource tal resource and establishment an infor-       50,000,000.00 Inventory inventory mation centre such as a GIS WARMAbased database. Sensitive areas include riparian corridors, steep KFS slopes (above 25% slope) Protection Demarcate hills and forests. Riparian of Environ- sensitive areas are under immense NLC mentally environmental pressure from farming and       2,500,000.00sensitive areas areas urbanization. Protection NEMA of these areas though environmental conservation activities was identified as priority Establish- Establish- Regeneration plan will  NEMA ment of ment of encompass planting of in- resource Nyando Basin digenous trees e.g. bamboo manage- environmental along the riparian corridors.        * WARMA ment regeneration Sensitization of conserva- plans plan tion agriculture. Awareness creation on KFS Creation of Establishment the need and methods for environ- of tree planting environmental protection NLCmental and nurseries such as tree planting conser- programmes. Provide       64,000,000.00 vation across all sub NEMA awareness counties information on tree species and their suitability for conservation agriculture. KFS Creation of The County can adopt world environ- environmental day and mental and County Envi- organise activities in every NLC conser- ronment day sub-county. It will entail      * vation environmental cleaning, NEMA awareness tree planting and public awareness KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 259 2017 - 2027 Encourage Creation of farm-based KFS environ- woodlots at mental and household conser- level to curb Construction works * NLC vation haphazard awareness cutting of trees NEMA for fuel Develop and operationalize Enhance community sen- Establish- proposed land- sitization and initiate CSR * KFS ment of fill in Kipsitet programmes resource NLC manage- Develop a management Open quarries and borrow ment plans plan for pits to be fenced by inves- NEMA quarries and tors and where possible * borrow pits refilling to protect human Rehabilita- Establish- tion of the ment of degraded dams It will entail demarcation, resource and water pans plantation of suitable vege- ** manage- of Barotion tation buffer and desilting ment plans and Kipsigori NEMA dams. Greening of WARMA Creation of Litein, Sosiot, Chepseon, Planting of trees in open environ- mental and Londiani, Kip- public spaces to curb urban NLC conser- kelion, Kipsitet, heat island. Established tree * vation Ainamoi, nurseries and environmen- awareness Fortternan and tal days will play key role in Kericho urban this project. areas * Detailed Study and Assessment required to objectively cost project ** Multi-Sectoral Projects. Detailed Study and Assessment required to objectively cost project *** Ongoing projects 15.2. Capital Investment Plan The Capital Investment Plan entails multi-year fiscal management metrics to be committed on an annual basis towards the proposed critical public infrastructure and investment projects. This plan is set to promote effective management of public capital assets to be used to implement county projects. Further, the county is able to outsource funding from relevant actors to make up for shortfalls in order to realize effective project implementation. The fiscal resources to finance these key projects may include general county budgetary allocation, project-specific grants from external sources among others. Quick win projects have been phased as to be implemented within 3years while the larger-scale initiatives are phased for implementation within the 10-year window period. CSP is a ten-year plan and therefore the projects have been phased out as follows; short term (2018/2019-2019/2020) budget years, medium term (2020/2021-2023/2024) budget years and long term (2024/2025-2027/2028) budget years. 260 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 260 2017 - 2027 15.2.1. Agriculture Actors Project phasing Policy/ Project Project De- Me- 10-year Programs scription Short dium Long Planning Cost Term (1-2 Term Term estimates yrs.) (3-5 (6- yrs.) 10yrs.) Equipping of Department of the industry Agriculture (CGK) with machin- ery and stor- age facilities. Facilitate Completion comple- of construc- tion and tion of waste operation- disposal site. alisation 10,000,000.00 of Roret Capacity Pineapple build the Processing local farmers Industry on pineapple farming to ensure steady Strength- supply of ening pineapples agro-pro- and other cessing fruits. and val- ue-chain Construc- Acquisition of Department of develop- tion of a land within Agriculture to ment. county the munic- take lead (CGK) Poultry ipality to Slaughter set up the House to slaughter be used facilities. by poultry farmers. In-depth feasibility assessment 5,000,000.00 to be con- ducted to establish the actual cost of constructing a modern slaughter facility for poultry. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 261 2017 - 2027 Completion Completion Department Deliv- and oper- of actual con- of Agriculture, ery of ationalisa- struction of Department of research, tion of Soin blocks such Education (CGK) innova- Agricultural as the Kitch- tions, Training en block. 12,000,000.00 exten- Institute sion and Staffing of advisory the institute services. and student enrolment. Setting up of Department of a sub-county Agriculture. (CGK) farmer’ data- base frame- work that will be used to collect, collate, ma- nipulate and store farmer Establish- information. Deliv- ment of ery of Agriculture Building the research, Informa- capacity of innova- tion centres sub-county tions, at every agriculture 16,000,000.00 exten- sub-County officers to sion and agriculture handle digital advisory depart- transfer of services. ment (ICT- information Based) to farmers. Setting up of central market infor- mation that will be used to provide market prices and other information. Secure Department of Deliv- through land Agriculture (CGK) ery of Construc- demarcation research, tion of of the land Agriculture Soci- innova- tions, Chelimo to establish ety of Kenya. Agricultur- Feasibility as- 7,000,000.00exten- al Show sessment to sion and Ground be conducted advisory to establish services. the extent of work. 262 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 262 2017 - 2027 Farmer training and capacity building to en- sure adoption of the policy. Setting up of pilot projects i.e. setting up Enhance- of demonstra- ment of the tion farms. Department of Promote established Agriculture, Crop ‘One Ward 12,000,000.00 Production Unit Sustain- Introduction One Crop’ & Department of able Ag- of specific high Trade. (CGK) ricultural initiative value crop to Intensifi- be promoted cation per ward. Enhancing of value chain systems to ensure sustain- ability of the program. Sustainable Establish fod- Dairy Devel- der fields for opment sustaible diary farming 15.2.2. Economy Policy/Programs Project Project Description Project Description 10-year Planning Cost estimates Actors Short Term Medium (1-2 yrs.) Term (3-5 Long Term yrs.) (6-10yrs.) Designation of Design the SEPA three (food bas- integrated plan in ket, cash crop line with regional and industrial) economies 30,000,000.00 Promote Strategic Eco- Kericho county nomic Planning competi- Areas (SEPAs) tiveness, productivity and Integrated master- entrepreneur- plan for terminal ship facility.Sondu Special Economic Zone 20,000,000.00 Develop Industrial and commercial Department of Trade, zones Cooperative (CGK) Improvement Set up a milk pro- of agro-pro- cessing plant for the Ministry of Industrializa- cessing County at Kaptenet 77,910,000.00 tion, Treasury, County in Kipkelion area. Government of Kericho, NGO’s, CDF. (NG) Value addition Development of Promote eco- farm extension the County farmers’ nomic prosper- services database using ity through sus- mobile phone-based tainable sector data collection. 15,000,000.00 developments The database will and enhancing capture: farmers’ market system demographics, farm size, Geo-point of farm, LR number, ag- ricultural enterprises and contact of the farmer. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 263 2017 - 2027 15.2.3. Human Settlement Actors Project phasing Policy/ 10-year Pro- Project Project Description grams Short Medium Long Planning Cost Term Term Term estimates (1-2 (3-5 (6- yrs.) yrs.) 10yrs.) Preparation of Urban area plans Prepare a town plan for Kipsitet and demarcation town including an action plan for 15,000,000.00 of urban extents. the proposed Soin industrial park. Develop a land Develop a land information database. information man- De- agement system velop- (LIMs) GIS application development to execute land ment processes including search, registration and 25,000,000.00 Con- approval, revenue collection trol To manage, update survey records (RIMS, Survey plans) County Government Equip building Avail cheaper building technologies; soil of Kericho, NGOs, technology stabilizing, interlocking blocks technology in Public-Private part- centres within all all sub-counties at affordable cost to reduce * nership, polytechnics. construction costs Pro- vision of key infra- struc- Securing land for housing, utilities and social ture Land Banking infrastructure as proposed in the Kericho * and municipal IUSDP. afford- able hous- ing * Detailed Study and Assessment required to objectively cost project. 264 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 264 2017 - 2027 15.2.4. Transport, Infrastructure and Water Actors Project phasing Policy/Pro- grams Project Project Description 10-year Planning Short Medium Cost estimates Term Term Long Term (1-2 (3-5 (6-10yrs.) yrs.) yrs.) Upgrade Sondu-Kapsorok-Kipsitet CGK road to bitumen standards 677,500,000.00 Upgrade surface condition of key link roads Upgrade Fort tenan-Kokwet to CGK To improve bitumen standard 343,750,000.00 linkages, accessibility, Open up ring roads for tour- Kericho golf-course - Tea estates - CGK critical infra- ism and to ease circulation Kapsuser (Public access) structure and in Kericho municipality * circulation of traffic. Brooke--Earth station-TRF-Saosa- James Finlays-Kapsuser CGK Upgrade Kerenga Airstrip Installation of prerequisite infra-structure at Kerenga 10,000,000 KAA Re-plan- Improve transport & urban Re-view Sondu town plan to in- CGK ning Sondu infrastructure in Sondu to tegrate location of industrial and around pro- incentivize location commercial development as well 15,000,000.00 posed SGR as growth of the town around the terminus proposed terminal facility Jumpstart sustainable prac- Public industrial and commercial Investors CGK Harness tices for harnessing solar developments to integrate solar renewable energy and utilization systems for heating and lighting * energy as part of approval requirements Enhance water supply to Assess reticulation pipes and KEWASCo. Kericho Municipality renovate them to combat leak- CGK, LVSWSB, ages and curb water loss through 974,445,000.00 National illegal connections. Government, Development Improve water supply to Boost water supply volumes and 80,205,000.00 Partners Kabianga, as well as sewer improve reticulation infrastruc- system ture and sewer utilities County Inte- Enhance water supply to Feasibility studies to be undertak- grated Water Kipsitet urban area & pro- en to utilize Koru dam as a water Masterplan posed industrial park resource for proposed develop- 72,690,000.00 ments in Kipsitet Rural Water Supply Densification of rural water schemes across the county and management through water user committees * Community sensitization on rain water harvesting measures * Detailed Study and Assessment required to objectively cost project KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 265 2017 - 2027 15.2.5. Social Infrastructure Project phasing 10-year Policy/Programs Project Project Description Planning Cost Actors Short Medium Term Long estimatesTerm Term (6- (1-2 yrs.) (3-5 yrs.) 10yrs.) Health Construct other buildings to Dept.of Kipsitet health center to be enhance capacity of the hospital. * Health Provide access upgraded to sub-county services to quality health hospital Improve staffing and equipping care services in the facility to recommended *standards. Education Promote physical access Prioritize upgrade of roads CGK, Natl. to education institutions to educational institutions in (Roads) Govern- Improve educa- in Kunyak Kunyak area ment tion access Enhance transition from secondary to tertiary Concentrate funds through Coun- institutions in Kunyak ty Scholarship Program, and CDF to assist students enrol in tertiary * institutions Dept. of Tourism Develop a convention centre Develop Chelimo, Tagabi, Tradec preferably at the Satellite station 20,000,000.00 Saosa, Tea Research, cooper-in Kericho. Promote tourism Chagaik as tourist circuit ative & activities in col- including a nature road Tourism laboration with trail bordering Mau forest Provide road easement through investors and tea estates. Unilever and James Finlays Tea * Estate for public access. Establish 50 community develop- CGK Social Facilities Improve participation of ment centres across the county local community in social to entail social halls, community and economic develop- libraries, recreation facilities, ICT *Develop commu- ment. centres, PWD and the aged facil-nity centres ities and county administrative offices within 5km reach. * Detailed Study and Assessment required to objectively cost project 266 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 266 2017 - 2027 15.2.6. Environment Project phasing Policy/Pro- Project Project Description 10-year Planning grams Short Medium Cost estimates Actors Term Term Long Term (1-2 (3-5 (6-10yrs.) yrs.) yrs.) Make an inventory, Protection delineate and Identification, surveying and of Environ- establishing extends of environ- mentally Reclaim environmental- mentally sensitive areas       sensitive ly sensitive areas 18,000,000.00 areas Reclamation of degraded areas Creation of Trainings, campaigns Train the public on environmen- environ- and sensitization tal protection and their roles. mental and Collaborate with agriculture conser- Establishment of tree sector to train farmers on riparian       180,000,000.00 vation planting nurseries conservation and emphasize on awareness across all sub counties conservation agriculture. Annual Carry out periodic inventory on Department Natural Establish environmental environmental resources and Resource resource inventory establishment an information       of environ- Inventory centre such as a GIS based 50,000,000.00 ment and database. natural resources. Prepare resource Establishment of Nyando Regeneration plan will encom- manage- and Sondu Basin envi- pass planting of indigenous trees ronmental regeneration e.g. bamboo along the riparian        20,000,000.00ment plan corridors. Sensitization of conser-plans vation agriculture. Provide waste bins in all markets and urban centres Estab- lishment Develop and operation- of waste alize waste management Establish waste collection manage- plans for all urban points in all towns and acquire a 50,000,000.00 ment centres and a strategic designated optimal land fill site plans landfill for the County at Kipsitet 15.3. Community Participation This entails integrating views of all interested parties (stakeholders) throughout the project planning and implementation processes. Public participation is key in decision-making with an aim of creating openness and dialogue. Benefits of community participation includes; • Increases level of stakeholder commitments in decision making. • Improves community/public understanding of development projects, their objectives and impacts on social, economic and environmental. • Improves a sense of social responsibility among the community towards development projects. • Increases equity within the society. • Increases the effectiveness of project design and implementation to meet the target needs. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 267 2017 - 2027 • Improves on project sustainability. • Increases government credibility and legitimacy through transparent decision- making. Different levels of community participation in a project include; 1) Consultation Involves discussion, interviews, forums, debates, dialogue among others aimed at seeking advice and getting views from different stakeholders. 2) Participation This involves the act of taking part in the project life cycle from inception until closure. Stakeholders participating in the project form part of the project team. 3) Consensus Entails showing concurrence on matters relating to a project or different phases of a project. Gives way to the next project phase and ensures project rolls out in one accord and harmony. 4) Empowerment This involves community capacity building through developing and strengthening people’s skills, abilities and resources that need to survive and thrive over a longer period of time towards achieving high standards of life. 15.4. Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms ensure orderly development of Kericho County through promoting adherence to guidelines and regulations for efficiency in service delivery, economic prospects and creating harmony on both the social and environmental fabric of the County. The strong commitment to implementation will definitely launch the county forward towards “A sustainable Agro-industrialized county fostering equitable socio-economic growth and environmental values”. The CSP proposes the following tools for monitoring and evaluation. 15.4.1. Enforcement Enforcement is a development control measure in ensuring that developments are in line with the approved planning policy guidelines towards ensuring sustainable built environment practices. It involves adherence to development guidelines and standards for various development types which include residential, commercial, industrial, transport and recreational facilities. Land subdivision schemes, change of use, Extension of lease or user, building development plans and other developments plans within Kericho County shall be submitted for approval at the ministry of lands and physical planning. 268 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 268 2017 - 2027 15.4.2. Levies and development contributions Levies relating to development control include application fees to development application permission (application made on PPA 1 forms) as well as approval fees. Other contributions arising from the built environment as a result of ordered development control include levies from land lease, advertisements, hiring of public parks, car parking, business permits among others. 15.4.3. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) • EIA ensures that the projects to be undertaken are environmentally sustainable. Major projects within Kericho County shall be subject to EIA detailing the impact of the projects on the environment. The impacts should be investigated fully before undertaking the development works. Factors to consider for the EIA include: • Influence on the ecology including effects of pollution and preservation of flora and fauna. • Means of overcoming any identified challenges/ Problems. Examples of projects to be subjected to EIA include establishment of the industries, establishment of recreational areas, development on major roads and creation of waste disposal sites such as the waste treatment works. 15.4.4. Social Impact Assessment (SIA) SIA includes analysis, monitoring and management of social consequences arising from interventions which cause change in the social fabric of the human environment. All major developments undergoing EIA within Kericho shall be subjected to SIA. This is to ensure that the projects do not adversely affect the County dwellers. 15.4.5. Digitized planning applications One of the main deliverables of the Kericho CSP is the provision of a digital GIS-based database. The database is an essential tool towards ensuring an efficient mode of County management, especially on matters relating land management. To promote efficiency in the development control, development plans for approval will be submitted in soft copy for easy integration within the database system. Minimum features for the plan will include development type, plot registration number and the owner. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 269 2017 - 2027 15.4.6. Management, Monitoring and Evaluation Framework Attainment of this vision wholly depends on implementation of policies, programs and projects. A committee is proposed through secondment of staff to spearhead this process as shown below. The comittee will be guided by delivery indicators tabulated in the monitoring and evaluation framework below DELIVERY INDICATORS SECTOR PROJECT/PROGRAM MONITORING INSTITUTION(S) EXPECTED OUTPUT INDICATORS/RESULTS (of success) Better standards, recommendations and Safeguard agricultural lands guidelines for agriculture potential zones• County agriculture development policies against fragmentation/ land sub-division and • Mapped and delineated high and medium urbanization potential agricultural zones within the county Protected agricultural land from encroachment, incompatible and unregulated land uses Synergetic agricultural development and • Implementation of agriculture potential enhanced productivity production zones and area specific agriculture • Irrigation schemes established in lower areas Sustainable and technologically aided of Buchenge and Soin for better production agricultural practices and production Department • Established fish production program. AGRICULTURE of Agriculture, • Construct new, renovate and operationalize Reduced food production costs Livestock and existing cattle dips (Kipkelion East/West and Promote Sustainable Fisheries lower parts of Soin/Sigowet sub counties) Agricultural Intensification Boost food security (diverse food options) • Establishment of fodder fields for the county in Kipkelion East lower parts of Soin/Sigowet Boost production of high value crops such sub counties due to land availability as horticulture • More dairy farmers across the county reached by AI program. Easy access to farming and extension • Improved poultry farming across the county services and products • Established horticulture programs/initiative Improved livestock keeping methods • Water pans constructed at strategic areas in Increased water harvesting and storage Promotion of soil and water Kipkelion West and lowlands of Soin/Sigowet for irrigation conservation • Use of infiltration ditches, terraces strips, mulching etc. in farms. Reduced soil erosion and degradation 270 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 270 2017 - 2027 DELIVERY INDICATORS SECTOR PROJECT/PROGRAM MONITORING INSTITUTION(S) EXPECTED OUTPUT INDICATORS/RESULTS (of success) • Adequately trained farmers on global best practices • Developed and equipped functional agricultural information centres across all sub counties • A functional Soin Agricultural Training Institute • Annual Kericho Agricultural Show Improved agricultural production. • Partnership between the county and Kabianga Delivery of research, University, Kenya Forest Service, Tea Research innovations, extension and Institute in research and innovation. Adoption of new technologies in advisory services agriculture sector• 50-acre Londiani demonstration farm for potatoes and pyrethrum, seed multiplication, research and demonstration to farmers • Partnership with KALRO for sugarcane demonstration and seed research farms at Soko Huru in Soliat • Livestock, coffee and sugarcane demonstration farms in collaboration/liaising with KALRO at Norman Brooke’s farm located in Kunyak area • Mobile-based database with records of each farmer’s farm acreage, GPS location of farm, LR number, agricultural produce and contact. Promote economic • Trained extension officers on market information Increased competitiveness and value prosperity through toolkits to aid farmers market their produce. addition on agricultural produce. sustainable sector • Pluralized approach on service delivery developments and • Established Central farmers’ markets Better market systems for agriculture enhancing market systems food hubs within urban areas produce • Constructed and improved market infrastructure in all the agricultural markets within the ECONOMY county with modern handling facilitiesDepartment of • County Integrated Strategic Economic Specialized production zones. Promote Kericho County’s Trade, Cooperative Planning Areas (SEPAs) & competitiveness, and tourism, productivity and Department of • Integrated masterplan for terminal Special Economic Zones MARKETS entrepreneurship Agriculture. facility and develop Industrial and commercial zones at Sondu town. • Extractive industry regularized through established laws i.e. developers of light industry, natural stone and sand harvesting with special condition More agro-based industries established Strengthening of agro- processing and value chain • Branded products from extractive industries within strategic zones. development. e.g. Kedowa Stones, Roret Sand • Improvement of agro-processing within all Employment opportunities. levels of the value chain i.e.A milk processing plant for the county at Kipkelion town, fruits Pack house for at Ainamoi town Enhanced capacities for trunk utilities and services • Physical development plans for 9 towns • Revision of LPDP’s for 5 towns Improved decision making for urban areas Development Control • Land Information Management System • Enforced policy through trained Efficient and fair record keeping & enforcement officers. querying HUMAN Department of Improved revenue collection & generation Lands, Housing and • County Planning units at Kipkelion, SETTLEMENT Promotion of better Physical Planning Kericho and Litein Improved planning processes and decision governance • Functional urban management boards making Litein, Londiani, Kabianga, Sondu • Building technology demonstration centres Develop and promote in Kericho, Litein, Sondu, Kipkelion Improved living standards and quality affordable housing • Housing Schemes by NHC and livable neighborhoods relevant financial institutions Land Banking • Land acquired for housing and public utilities within Kericho municipality Amount of land acquired. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 271 2017 - 2027 DELIVERY INDICATORS SECTOR PROJECT/PROGRAM MONITORING INSTITUTION(S) EXPECTED OUTPUT INDICATORS/RESULTS (of success) • Monitoring KENSUP projects in Carry out informal Nyagacho, Majengo, Swahili Village settlement renewal and Urban neighborhood renewal with regeneration • Low costing housing pilot projects improved living standards in Litein, Londiani and Sondu Economic boom in Kipkelion and Soin • 198.4km of additional Bitumen roads and Redevelopment of key areas through agro-industrial networks, 63.6km of additional gravel roads link roads that are in poor tourism and urbanization condition and improvement • Local transit ring roads in Kericho and of linkages, accessibility, Litein municipalities and other towns Improved public transport and traffic critical infrastructure and • Bridges in Kipkelion, Chilchila and Kunyak areas circulation circulation of traffic • Routine maintenance of rural roads Improved living standards To enhance traffic separation on modal • Paved high traffic roads, signages & basis and improvement traffic lights at roundabouts of road design to separate motorized and non- • Footbridge across B1 highway at motorized traffic on urban the Hospital Road junction roads Improved road safety Promote inter-modality for purposes of efficient travels • Functional Bus terminals (6) and institute a system on local public transit and • Road safety awareness campaigns circulation PHYSICAL Department of Improve access, boost Roads, Public INFRASTRUCTURE commercialization and works and infrastructure development infrastructure • Commercial flights from Kerenga Airstrip Tourism and trade economic boom for air transit • Functional railway systems from the Operationalization of terminuses in Kipkelion, Fort tenan, regional railway transit for Nakuru and Eldoret, Kisumu. the existing and proposed Increased business and trade• Intermodal terminal facilities at SGR system the mentioned areas as well as the proposed Sondu SGR terminus Enhance exploitation, • Solar panel systems for street lighting in harnessing and utilization all major towns and municipalities of various forms of energy Sustainable energy options and use for resourcefulness, • Biogas harnessing and consumption efficiency and sustainability as a reliable energy alternative Research and development • Renovation of the power substation at Chemosit to upgrade or modernize Local processing plants and home craft old infrastructure and • Hydro-power assessment report for centers systems Chemosit and Sondu-Itare rivers • Adoption of renewable energy sources Usage of green sources of energy. Harness renewable sources such as solar power, biogas etc.ENERGY of energy • Established woodlots within rural household level Woodlots planted at household level • Water supply and waste water Improved access to clean and safe water management systems for 2 municipalities, to all residents in the county Department of 6 urban areas, proposed industrial Water Environment park and the surrounding areas. and Natural Improved hygienic conditions in human WATER Sustainable Water Provision Resources through county integrated • Functional and densified rural water schemes, settlements water and sanitation master improved management of water schemes SUPPLY plan and household rain water harvesting Sustainable agriculture development • Conserved natural resources i.e. Attainment of balanced development water springs and rivers. Easy access to education information Educational Facilities • A GIS database of all education facilities. SOCIAL Inventory Department of • Education facilities information system Education, Social Tracking of student transition rates Services, Youth and INFRASTRUCTURE Increase in school enrolment Physical infrastructure Culture improvement • Adequate and well-equipped education facilities Standard facilities. 272 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 272 2017 - 2027 DELIVERY INDICATORS SECTOR PROJECT/PROGRAM MONITORING INSTITUTION(S) EXPECTED OUTPUT INDICATORS/RESULTS (of success) Promote access to Provision of PWD friendly infrastructure education for people living More PWD enrolled in education with disabilities institutions.Expansion of integrated schools Enhanced county bursary/loan application Support the needy students system for students. Increase in transition and access to pursuing tertiary education tertiary education Standardized ECDE Curriculum from KICD Develop or adopt Department of Better proficiency in ICT knowledge standardized quality Education, Social education programs Services, Youth and Functional Digital Literacy, PREIDE and Culture TUSOME programs in schools Improve staffing Management system of education facilities Quality of education and management of educational facilities Improved teacher: student ratio Management of schools Secure land for educational Survey, plan and acquire title deeds for facilities educational institutions Issuance of title deeds Establish community More trained residents on technical skills devlopment centres within 50 functional community development 5km reach. centres across the county. Impart entrepreneural skills. Easy access to health information. A GIS database of all health facilities. Health facilities’ inventory Database detailing the facility, Health facilities information system management, ailments etc. Health facilities connected with electricity, Improvement of physical water and sanitation facilities Standard health facilities. infrastructure of Health facilities’ Improved the physical infrastructure of Easy access by PWD SOCIAL health facilities (including PWD) Adequate staffing, upgraded, and equip INFRASTRUCTURE Review capacity health facilities based on assessment of Improved quality of healthcare requirements and staffing population and distribution levels in all health facilities Department of Better access to healthcare Health Services Functional health facilities across the county. Enhance consistent supply Constant availability of essential medicines Available drugs medical supplies e.g. drugs through a drug supply system in conjunction and consumables with KEMSA. Reduced cases of loss of life Enhance provision of Health facilities equipped with ambulances Reduced number of loss of lives during emergency services and other emergency services emergency instances Strengthen leadership, Residents including PWDs and the elderly coordination and health enrolled in National Hospital Insurance Fund Increased number of residents under NHIF financing (NHIF) cover. Initiate health education programs to the public Reduced cases of disease spread Promote public health and sanitation Strengthen enforcement of public health Improved public health regulations Enhancement of peace Peaceful coexistence of communities building initiatives through Organize activities to promote coexistence public participation like UWIANO and Nyumba Kumi Reduced crime cases Improve and equip Department of Improved access to government services infrastructure relating to Social Service/ Improved security and administrative public administration Ministry of interior facilitiescoordination/ Improved security and crime fighting Ministry of Police station at Kabianga, 6 police post at Decentralization of services Distribution of facilities across the countydevolution and strategic areas within the county. by the County Government planning in liaison with relevant Better service delivery to residents National Government Review to harmonize administrative units institutions for the two levels of government within the county KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN Part iv 273 2017 - 2027 DELIVERY INDICATORS SECTOR PROJECT/PROGRAM MONITORING INSTITUTION(S) EXPECTED OUTPUT INDICATORS/RESULTS (of success) • Improved recreation parks and public spaces • Establish a formal process in the identification Increased number of residents engaging in and registration of talent from school sporting Development of a recreation activities.events sustainable and diverse sport and recreation • Establish 2 comprehensive sports complex centres in the county Identified talents such as athletics industry • Equip the existing Kapkatet and Kericho stadiums • Develop a sports facility in the proposed Kapsorok University Improved tourism (increase in number of local and foreign) Construct and equip various • Improved infrastructure within the various tourist tourist and cultural sites sites in the county Improved economic potential and development • Construct, maintain all the access roads leading to various tourist sites Improved tourism (local and foreign)SOCIAL Improve access to identified Department of sites and provide reliable culture, youth and • Provide adequate signage on roads INFRASTRUCTURE transport services sports Improved economic potential and • Organize and facilitate regular development transport to various sites Improved tourism (local and foreign) • Developing nature trails and tourism circuits especially along rivers, forests and the tea-zones Promote agro-tourism Improved recreational activities • Develop and implement strategic online and print adverts for various markets Improved economic potential and development Development and nurturing talents • Incorporate performing arts and music Improved tourism (local and foreign) Establish a centre for within Kericho Convention Centre performing arts and music as a cultural element • Organize concerts and cultural events such as Improved recreational activities marathons to showcase the rich cultural heritage Improved economic potential and development Establishment of an Environment Department for coordination of • A functional department of environment Effective monitoring and management of environmental matters and and natural resources environmental issues capacity building Promote enforcement of • Environmental laws and policies environmental laws and Better management of environmental policies • Environmental enforcement team issues. Protection of the environment Establishment of an • Periodic inventory on environmental resources environmental (natural) • An information centre i.e. a GIS database to resource inventory take count of environmental resources Improved decision making on utilization and preservation of natural resources ENVRIONMENT Establishment of • Planting of indigenous trees e.g. Increased riparian cover the Nyando Basin Department of bamboo along riparian corridors & NATURAL environmental regeneration environment and plan natural resources, • Sensitization of conservation agriculture Improved agriculture practices NEMA, Community RESOURCES • Adoption of the world environmental day through activities such as environmental County Environment Day cleaning, tree planting and public Increase in tree cover awareness in every sub county • Establishing tree nurseries Protection and conservation of the environment • A functional landfill in Kipsitet and transfer stations in all towns. Establishment of resource Prevention of quarry related accidents management plans • A management plan for quarries and borrow pits • Rehabilitated degraded dams and water Prevention of spread of diseases pans of Barotion and Kipsigori dams Economic development 274 Part iv KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 274 2017 - 2027 Bibliography CEAP. (2015). County Environment Action Plan, 2015 CGK. (2013). Kericho County Intergrated Development Plan (2013 - 2017). Kericho: County Government of Kericho. Chelimo, J. F., & Chelelgo, K. (2016). Pre-Colonial Organization of the Kalenjin of Kenya - An overview. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol. 5 Issue 13. CIDP. (2013). Kericho County Intergrated Development Plan. Kericho. Ekirapa A.E., S. F. (1996). Semi Detailed Soil Survey of the African Highland Produce Company Farm. Nairobi: Kenya Soil Survey. GeoMaestro. (2017). Kericho County Household Socio-Economic Survey. Nairobi: GeoMaestro Consult Africa. GoK. (1973). Rift Valley Province Regional Physical Development Plan. Nairobi: Ministry of Lands and Settlement. GoK. (2005). Design manual for water supply in Kenya. Nairobi. Nairobi: Ministry of water and irrigation. GoK. (2008). Educational Report. Nairobi: Ministry of Education. GoK. (2018, August 20th August 2018). Regional Economic Blocs. Retrieved from Ministry of Devolution and ASALs: http://www.devolutionasals.go.ke/regional-blocks/ Kipkorir, B., & Welbourne, F. (1973). The Marakwet of Kenya: A Preliminary Study. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau. KNBS. (2009). Kenya Population and Housing Census. Nairobi. KNOEMA. (2009). KRB. (2014). Kenya Roads Traffic Count. Nairobi: Kenya Roads Board. MoH. (2013). Kenya Health Sector Strategic and Investment Plan (2013 - 2017). Nairobi: Ministry of Health, Kenya. MoL&PP. (2015). National Spatial Plan; An integrated Spatial Plan for Balanced and Sustainable National Development. Nairobi: Government of Kenya. NLC. (2017, May 10). County Spatial Planning: Monitoring and Oversignt Guidelines. Nairobi: National Land Commission. Retrieved from Resources: www.landcommission.go.ke/ Odoyo, E. (2015). Concept Paper; Livestock Feeds and Products Processing Proiject. Odoyo, E. (2016). The Status of Coffee Industry. Omwoyo, S. M. (2000). THE AGRICULTURAL CHANGES IN THE KIPSIGIS. Nairobi: Kenyatta University. Praktash, T. N. (2003). Land Suitability Analysis for Agricultural Crops; A fuzzy Multi-Criterion Decision Approach. Enschede, Netherlands: ITC. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 275 2017 - 2027 Annexes Annex A: Kericho County Population Per Ward Population Size Per Wards. Source, KNBS 2009. Ward name Male Female Total popula- Population density tion Ainamoi 8641 8730 17371 327 Chaik 11205 8692 19897 81 Cheboin 11161 11510 22671 504 Chemosot 13190 13120 26310 517 Cheplanget 13188 13614 26802 674 Chepseon 18335 17491 35826 198 Cheptororiet/Seretut 10261 10361 20622 542 Chilchila 15636 15428 31064 298 Kabianga 17332 17452 34784 512 Kamasian 10010 9969 19979 248 Kapkatet 10659 10919 21578 620 Kapkugerwet 13076 12802 25878 1586 Kaplelartet 15476 15675 31151 294 Kapsoit 13657 13887 27544 472 Kapsuser 9753 9515 19268 599 Kedowa/Kimugul 17748 18085 35833 149 Kipchebor 13975 12664 26639 716 Kipchimchim 5990 5680 11670 642 Kipkelion 12535 12811 25346 240 Kisiara 10361 10871 21232 554 Kunyak 11080 10585 21665 322 Litein 12672 12838 25510 557 Londiani 11966 12361 24327 273 Sigowet 17760 18123 35883 495 Soliat 8052 7963 16015 163 Tebesonik 10502 10302 20804 320 Tendeno/Sorget 5545 5341 10886 47 Waldai 16108 16708 32816 578 Soin 10638 10379 21017 109 Kapsaos 14521 14520 29041 513 276 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 276 2017 - 2027 Annex B: Health Facilities Inventory Questionnaire Kericho County Spatial Plan: Health Facilities Inventory Questionnaire. Introduction Questionnaire No. …………Name of respondent………………………………………… Occupation…………………………………Ward…………………………Gender…………Name of the Facility…………………………Name of interviewer……………………………………Date of interview………………… Part A: About the Physical Infrastructure 1) Year the facility was opened ………………. 2) Status of the Facility a) Functional b) Non-Functional c) Under Construction 4) Building/Structure Condition a) Roof i) Good ii) Fair iii) Poor iv) Very poor b) Floor i) Good ii) Fair iii) Poor iv) Very poor c) Walls i) Good ii) Fair iii) Poor iv) Very poor KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 277 2017 - 2027 4) Equipment Facility: On a scale of Equipment Availability Remarks Ambulance Y/N Lab equipment Y/N Storage Facility (Fridge) Y/N Bed(s) Y/N Washroom Y/N Waste Disposal Facilities (incinera- Y/N tors, bins) 5) Water a) Adequate b) Fair c) Inadequate d) No supply 6) Electricity a) Adequate b) Fair c) Inadequate d) No supply Part B: Human Resources Personnel Designation Number Remarks Doctors Clinical Officers Nurses Records Officers Specialist (Specify) Support Staff 278 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 278 2017 - 2027 Part D: Operations/Services 7) Average Number of Patients over the last 12 months …………………… 8) Common Ailments handled by the centre [Provide the top 5] (e.g. Malaria, Typhoid, Common Cold, cancer, diabetes etc.) 9) Availability of Maternity (Yes, No) 10) Availability of Prenatal services, (Yes, No) 11) Availability of Postnatal Services, (Yes, No) 12) Frequency of essential Medical Supplies (…syringes, gloves, detergents etc.) a) Adequate b) Fair c) Inadequate d) No supply 13) Frequency of essential Drug Supply a) Adequate b) Fair c) Inadequate d) No supply NB: Primary Health Care Services Mandate Comprise all dispensaries (level 2) and health centres (level 3) • Disease prevention and health promotion services. • Basic outpatient diagnostic, medical surgical & rehabilitative services. • Ambulance services. • Inpatient services for emergency clients awaiting referral, clients for observation, and normal delivery services. • Facilitate referral of clients from communities and to referral facilities. KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 279 2017 - 2027 Annex C: Household Questionnaire Kericho County Spatial Plan: Household Survey Questionnaire 2017 Introduction/Respondent’s Information: Questionnaire No. ……… Name of Respondent…………………………………………………………………… Occupation…………………………Ward……………………sub-county………………Gender…………………… Household Size………………………… Name of interviewer…………………Date of interview……………… i) Which type of housing is the household living in? a) Mud with grass thatched roof b) Mud with iron sheet roof c) Stone house with iron sheet roof d) Wooden house with iron sheet roof We are surveying people about their household conditions and the services available in Kericho County. Findings from the survey will be incorporated in the County Spatial Plan and will be used by the County Government of Kericho in planning for development of the county for 10-year period 2017 – 2027. All information you provide will be kept confidential and will not be shared with anyone other than members of our survey team. Part A: Household Socio-Economic Characteristics 1) What is your most regular source of income payments during a typical month? a) Farming b) Trading/Business c) Casual work d) Construction work e) Professional work e.g. lawyer, nurse f) Teaching g) Government work (Employed by GoK or CG) h) Artisan Work (jua kali, welding, carpenter) i) Other: _______Approximately how much do you receive per month from the income source(s)? b) Below 3000 b. 3001-5000 c. 5001-10000 d. 10001-20000 e. 20001-30000 f. 30001-40000 g. 40001-50000 h. Above 50000______ 2) Where do you earn this income from? a) Within my ward, within my subcounty b) Outside my ward, within my subcounty c) Outside my subcounty, within Kericho county d) Outside Kericho County:______________(indicate) 3) Household Average monthly expenditure on: Food a. Below 500 b) 501-1000 c) 1001-2000 d) 2001-3000 e) 3001-4000 f) 4001-5000 g) 5001-10000 h) Above 10000 School Fees a. Below 500 b) 501-1000 c) 1001-2000 d) 2001-3000 e) 3001-4000 f) 4001-5000 g) 5001-10000 h) Above 10000 Farm Input a. Below 500 b) 501-1000 c) 1001-2000 d) 2001-3000 e) 3001-4000 f) 4001-5000 g) 5001-10000 h) Above 10000 280 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 280 2017 - 2027 Clothing a. Below 500 b) 501-1000 c) 1001-2000 d) 2001-3000 e) 3001-4000 f) 4001-5000 g) 5001-10000 h) Above 10000 Medical/Health a. Below 500 b) 501-1000 c) 1001-2000 d) 2001-3000 e) 3001-4000 f) 4001-5000 g) 5001-10000 h) Above 10000 Transport a. Below 500 b) 501-1000 c) 1001-2000 d) 2001-3000 e) 3001-4000 f) 4001-5000 g) 5001-10000 h) Above 10000 Housing Rent a. Below 500 b) 501-1000 c) 1001-2000 d) 2001-3000 e) 3001-4000 f) 4001-5000 g) 5001-10000 h) Above 10000 Electricity a. Below 500 b) 501-1000 c) 1001-2000 d) 2001-3000 e) 3001-4000 f) 4001-5000 g) 5001-10000 h) Above 10000 Cooking Fuel a. Below 500 b) 501-1000 c) 1001-2000 d) 2001-3000 e) 3001-4000 f) 4001-5000 g) 5001-10000 h) Above 10000 4) Main source of drinking-water for members of your household? {Tick one which is main} b. Piped water into dwelling b) Tube-well/borehole c) dug well d) Spring e) Rainwater collection f) Water vendor g) Surface water (river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, irrigation channels) h) Bottled water i) Other 5) Main source of Domestic water i.e. cooking and hand washing? {Tick one which is main} a) Piped water into dwelling b) Tube-well/borehole c) dug well d) Spring e) Rainwater collection f) Water vendor g) Surface water (river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, irrigation channels) h) Bottled water i) Other 6) Main Source of water for watering livestock {Tick one which is main} a) Piped water into dwelling b) Tube-well/borehole c) dug well d) Spring e) Rainwater collection f) Water vendor g) Surface water (river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, irrigation channels) h) Bottled water i) Other Challenges on access to water (list 3) ……………………………… Which 3 immediate concerns do you wish the plan to address in this sector (in order of priority)? (list 3) KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 281 2017 - 2027 7) Main Source of cooking fuel {Tick one which is main} a) Firewood b) Gas c) Charcoal d) Electricity e) Biogas f) Other: __________________________ 8) Main Source of lighting {Tick one which is main} a) Solar b) Wind c) Electricity d) Paraffin e) Gas f) Other: ________________________________ Challenges on access to energy ……………………………… Which 3 immediate projects do you wish the plan to address in this sector (in order of priority)? (list 3) 9) Sanitation method used by the household (Tick one) a) Pit Latrine b) Flush WC to Septic tank c) Flush WC to sewer system d) VIP Latrine e) Other……………………… 10) Means of solid waste disposal method used by the household (Tick one) a) Composite pit b) Indiscriminate dumping c) Burning d) Collected by county Government b) Collected by private garbage collectors Challenges on sanitation (list 3) …………………………………………… Which 3 immediate projects do you wish the plan to address in this sector (in order of priority)? (list 3) Part B: Land Ownership/Tenure system 11) Nature of home occupancy (Tick one) a) Owned b) Rented c) Squatting 12) Nature of land ownership/tenure (Tick one) a) Freehold/private b) Leasehold c) Community land d) Squatting 13) Approximate size of land (in acres) (Allow decimals) ……………………………………………. 14) Documents of land ownership (Tick one) a) Title Deed b) Agreement c) Allotment letter d) None 15) Main Activity carried out on this parcel of land (Tick one) a) Commercial b) Residential c) Agriculture d) Industrial e) Other……………………………… (specify) 16) Duration lived on current residence (Tick one) a) 0-5 years b) 5-10 years c) Over 10 years Challenges facing land (list 3) 282 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 282 2017 - 2027 ………………………………………….. Which 3 immediate projects do you wish the plan to address in this sector (in order of priority)? (list 3) Part C: Transport 17) Mostly used mode of transport? (Tick one) a) Cycling b) Motorcycle (Bodaboda) c) Private Car d) PSV e) Other…………………. (Specify) 18) Mode of transport to: (tick appropriately) Other(specify) Walking Cycling Motor cycle Private car PSV e.g. school bus School Market Health Centre Work Shopping Other (specify where) 19) Distance travelled to the following service areas (allow decimals) Service Area Distance (in km) Nursery school Primary school Secondary School Village Polytechnic Primary Shopping Centre i.e. corner shop Secondary Shopping centre i.e. supermarket Dispensary/Health Centre Hospital with in-patient facilities Administrative/civic offices Bus/Matatu stop Cattle dip Tea buying centre Milk collection centre/coolers Challenges on Transport (list 3) ……………………………………. Which 3 immediate projects do you wish the plan to address in this sector (in order of priority)? (list 3) …………………………………… KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 283 2017 - 2027 Part D: Agriculture and market 20) Purpose of farming engaged in. (Tick one) a) Subsistence b) Commercial c) Both 21) Main agricultural activity engaged in (Tick one) a) Crop farming i.e. tea, coffee, maize, sugarcane etc. b) Livestock farming i.e. dairy, beef c) Aquaculture (Fish Farming) d) Horticulture fruits, vegetables e) Mixed farming f) Apiculture (Bee Keeping) 22) Size of land under mentioned agricultural activity (in acres) (allow decimals) ………………………………………………. 23) Main channel used to sell crop produce (Tick one) a) Individual b) Middleperson c) Cooperative d) NCPB e) Other (specify)……………………………… 24) Member of an agricultural cooperative (Tick one) a) Yes… b) No…. If yes, name of the cooperative……………………………………………………… 25) Challenges on crop farming (list 3) ……………………………………………… Which 3 immediate projects do you wish the plan to address in this sector (in order of priority)? (list 3) …………………………………………….. 26) Main animals reared (Tick one) a) Dairy cattle b) Beef cattle c) Dual Purpose cattle d) Goats e) Sheep f) Pigs g) Poultry h) Bees b) Fish 27) Main channel used to sell livestock produce (Tick one) a) Individual b) Middleperson c) Cooperative d) NCPB etc.) Other (specify)……………………………… 28) Challenges on livestock farming (list 3) ………………………………………………….. Which 3 immediate projects do you wish the plan to address in this sector (in order of priority)? (list 3) …………………………………………… 284 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 284 2017 - 2027 Part E: Environment and natural resources 29) Environment and natural resources available in the area (resource and name) Natural Resource Name River Forest Wetland e.g. swamp, dam Tourist attraction site Hill, Valley, cliff, fall etc. Mining, Quarrying 30) How does the community benefit from the above resources? (list 3) …………………………………………….. Challenges on environment (list3) ……………………………………….. Which 3 immediate projects do you wish the plan to address in this sector (in order of priority)? (list 3) Part F: Civic/ Public Services Please provide the following information pertaining to the following. Institutions Availability Distance covered from 1. Yes dwelling unit. 2. No 1. Local Administration (chiefs camp) 2. AP Camp/ Police station 3. Market 4. Post Office 5. Community centre/social hall 6. Firefighting facility 7. Public Library Part G: CONFLICT RESOLUTION 31) Which institution assists you in settling disputes locally? 32) Chief/sub-chief 2. Elders 3. Police 4. Community Policing 5. Others……. 33) Do they carry out their responsibility effectively? 1. Yes… 2. No …Give 3 reasons:.................................................................................... Part F: Miscellaneous 34) Ongoing projects in the community (list3) ………………………………… 35) Proposed projects in the community (list3) …………………………………….. Any other comment (list 3) KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 285 2017 - 2027 Annex D: Notice of Intention to Plan REPUBLIC OF KENYA COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF KERICHO P.O BOX 112-20200, KERICHO. (Cap 286) FORM P.P.A 1 r.3. (3) NOTICE OF INTENTION TO PLAN -KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN (2017 – 2027) Notice is hereby given to residents and all stakeholders of Kericho County and its environs, that pursuant to the Constitution, Physical Planning Act, Urban Areas and Cities Act (2011) and County Government Act (2012), The County Government of Kericho is the process of preparing a County Spatial Plan that will guide the growth of Kericho County and its environs for a period of 10 years. The Plan will cover approximately 2400 Km2 , being the extent of the County of Kericho. The purpose is to prepare a framework that will promote integrated physical and socio-economic development of the county. The plan will endeavour to organise and allocate sufficient space for all land uses. The Plan Preparation will be participatory and we are pleased to invite all stakeholders to the planning process. Stakeholders who wish to make comments or suggestions may do so in writing to the undersigned within 30days of publication of this notice. 22nd February 2017 SYLVIA INZIANI COUNTY PHYSICAL PLANNING OFFICER 286 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 286 2017 - 2027 Annex E: Notice of Completion REPUBLIC OF KENYA COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF KERICHO P.O BOX 112-20200, KERICHO. (Cap 286) FORM P.P.A 3 r.3. (3) NOTICE OF COMPLETION OF KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN PLAN REF. NO.KCO/CSP/01/2018 Notice is hereby given that Kericho County Spatial Plan was completed on 31st July 2018. The plan has been prepared as per Articles 6, 60, 66, 67, 184, 186 and the Fourth Schedule of the Constitution of Kenya 2010, The County Government Act 2012, The Urban Areas and Cities Act 2011, The National Land Commission Act 2012, The Physical Planning Act Cap 286 and other enabling legislations. The Plan covers 2569km2 of land situated within Kericho County. Copies of the County Spatial Plan have been deposited for public inspection at each of the Six Sub-County Administrator’s Offices and the County Physical Planning Officer’s office, Public Works Building, Ground Floor, Kericho Town. The copies so deposited are available for inspection free of charge by all persons interested at the above- mentioned address between the hours of 8.00 am to 5.00 pm, Monday to Friday. Any interested person(s) who wishes to make any representation in connection with or objection to the above-named County Spatial Plan may send such representations or objections in writing to be received by the County Physical Planning Officer, P.O Box 112– 20200 Kericho, within sixty (60) days from the date of publication of this notice and such representation or objection shall state the grounds on which it is made. 31st July 2018 SYLVIA INZIANI COUNTY PHYSICAL PLANNING OFFICER KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 287 2017 - 2027 Annex F: Stakeholder Engagement Workshops/Meetings Table 53: Stakeholder Engagement Workshops Item Sub- County Date of Meeting Venue No. of No. of % Attendance % Ward Time of Stakehold- Stake- Represen- Meeting ers Invited holders tation In atten- dance 1 Belgut 04.04.2017 Sosiot DCs 60 36 60% 100% 1000-1600Hrs Office 2 Ainamoi 05.04.2017 AIC Ainamoi 45 24 53% 100% 1100-1800Hrs 3 Kipkelion 06.04.2017 Sub-County 52 22 42% 100% 1030-1730Hrs East Administra- tive Office, Londiani 4 Bureti 04.04.2017 Sub-County 60 52 87% 100% 1000-1700Hrs Administra- tive Office, Litein 5 Soin/Si- 05.04.2017 Kiptere Tech- 53 34 64% 100% 1000-1730Hrs gowet nical Institute 6 Kipkelion 06.04.2017 Sub-County 37 36 97% 100% 1000-1600Hrs West Administra- tive Office, Kipkelion TOTAL 307 204 66% 100%   288 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 288 2017 - 2027 Map 58: Location of Venues for Stakeholder Engagement Workshops Figure 31: Belgut Stakeholder Workshops KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 289 2017 - 2027 Figure 32: Kipkelion West Stakeholder Engagement Workshops Figure 33: Kipkelion East Stakeholder Engagement Workshops Figure 34: Bureti Stakeholder Engagement Workshops Figure 35: Soin/Sigowet Stakeholder Engagement Workshops 290 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 290 2017 - 2027 Figure 36: Ainamoi Stakeholder Engagement Workshops Figure 37: County Executive Committee Draft Plan Presentation KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 291 2017 - 2027 Figure 38: MCA Draft Plan Presentation Figure 39: Training on Application of GIS in Planning Figure 40: Technical Consultation at ACK 292 KERICHO COUNTY SPATIAL PLAN 292 2017 - 2027