Tana River County COVID-19 Social Economic Re- Engineering Recovery Strategy 2020/21-2022/23 November 2020 1 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 3 1.1 County Context ................................................................................................ 3 1.2 County Fiscal position ....................................................................................... 5 1.3 County Fiscal Response, Interventions and Budget Re-allocation .......................... 6 2 Socio-Economic Effect of COVID-19 ......................................................................... 7 3 Key Pillars of the Recovery Strategy ........................................................................ 11 3.1 Boosting Private Sector Activity ........................................................................ 11 3.2 Policy, Legislatives, and Institutional Reforms .................................................... 13 3.3 Strengthening County Government’s Preparedness and Response to Pandemic and Disasters .................................................................................................................. 13 3.4 Enhancing ICT Capacity for Business Continuity ................................................. 14 3.5 Improve human Capital Development ............................................................... 15 3.6 Exploiting the Dairy Value Chain ....................................................................... 16 4 Support to Key Sectors .......................................................................................... 16 4.1 Manufacturing ................................................................................................ 17 4.2 Agriculture ..................................................................................................... 17 4.3 Water and Sanitation....................................................................................... 19 4.4 Urban Development and Housing ..................................................................... 21 4.5 Transport ....................................................................................................... 22 4.6 Tourism ......................................................................................................... 23 4.7 Health ............................................................................................................ 24 4.8 Education and training .................................................................................... 24 4.9 Social Protection ............................................................................................. 27 4.10 Gender and Youth ........................................................................................... 27 4.11 Environment and Natural Resources Management ............................................. 28 5 Economic Stimulus Programme ............................................................................... 29 5.1 Economic Stimulus Package ............................................................................. 29 5.2 Financing Economic Stimulus Package .............................................................. 29 5.3 Implementation Framework for the Economic Stimulus Programme ..................... 29 6 Monitoring, Evaluating and Reporting ...................................................................... 29 7 Communication Channels ....................................................................................... 31 Annex ......................................................................................................................... 34 2 1 Introduction 1.1 County Context Tana River County is one of the counties in the Jumuiya ya Kaunti za Pwani (JKP) economic bloc. The county has an estimated population of 315,943 people of which 50.1 per cent were male and 49.8 per cent female (KNBS, 2019) as indicated in table 1. Of the population 4,040 (1.5 per cent) are persons with disability. The youth constituted 32.0 per cent of the population of whom 51.0 per cent were female. The County has a population density of 8 persons per km2. About 76.0 per cent of the population live in rural areas of whom 49.8 per cent are female. The elderly population (65 years and above) make up 3.1 per cent of the total population of whom 51.9 per cent were female. The population in school going age group (4-22 years) was 51.2 per cent in 2019. In 2015/2016, the overall poverty rate in Tana-river County was 62.0 per cent against the national poverty rate of 36.1 per cent. In addition, 55.9 per cent of the population were living in food poverty and 61.0 per cent were living in multidimensional poverty, that means being deprived in several dimensions including health care, nutrition and adequate food, drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, education, knowledge of health and nutrition, housing and standard of living, and access to information. According to KDHS 2014, 28.1 per cent of the children were stunted as compared to the average national level at 26.0 per cent. Table 1: Development indicators in Tana-river County County National Estimated County Population (KNBS, 2019) 315,943 0.6% of the total population Males 158,550 50.1% Females 157,391 49.8% Intersex 2 0.006% Estimated Population Density (km2) 8 82 Persons with disability 1.5% 2.2% Population living in rural areas (%) 76.0% 68.8% School going age (4-22 years) (%) 51.2% 68.7% Youth (%) 32.0% 36.1% Elderly population (over 65-year-old) 3.1% 3.9% Number of Covid-19 cases (as at 11th 22 0.07% of the September 2020) (MOH); National cases were national cases 35,232 people Poverty (2015/2016) (%) 62.0% 36.1% Food Poverty (2015/2016) (%) 55.9% 31.9% 3 Multidimensional Poverty (2015/2016) (%) 61.0% 56.1% Stunted children (KDHS 2014) 28.1% 26% Gross County Product (Ksh Million) 33,498 0.4 % Share to total GDP (2017) Average growth of Nominal GCP/GDP (2013- 11.3% 15.3 % 2017) (%) Data Source: KNBS (2019) Tana River County Gross County Product (GCP) accounted for 0.4 per cent of total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as at 2017 as reported in figure 1. The GCP increased from Ksh. 21,419 million in 2013 to Ksh. 33,498 million in 2017 representing an annual average growth rate of 11.3 per cent. The agriculture sector contributed 54.7 per cent of GCP while services and other industries sector share constituted 38.0 per cent and 7.0 per cent, respectively. The services sector includes such activities as wholesale and retail trade. Agriculture is mainly dominated by crop farming and livestock production while industries and manufacturing include production of consumer goods such as plastics, furniture, textiles, and food processing. Figure 1: Structure of the County Economy, 2013-2017 a) County Gross Product (2013-2017) b) Sector Contribution as share of GCP (2017) Data Source: KNBS (2019) The County first confirmed case of COVID-19 was on 18th July 2020. Since then the number of confirmed cases increased to 22 in 11th September 2020 (MOH, 2020) as depicted in figure 2. 4 Figure 2: Cumulative number of Covid-19 Cases (March-September 2020) Data Source: MOH 1.2 County Fiscal position Tana River county expected to receive a total of Ksh. 8.0 billion in FY 2019/20 as revenue to finance its operations. This comprised mainly of Ksh. 5.9 billion (72.9%) as equitable share, Ksh. 707.4 million (8.8%) conditional grant, Ksh. 66 million (0.8%) generated from own source revenue (OSR) and Ksh. 1.4 billion (17.5%) as cash balance from FY 2018/19. During the FY 2019/20, the County received a total of Ksh. 7.01 billion which accounted for 82.0 per cent of the expected revenue. This comprised of Ksh. 5.35 billion equitable shares, Ksh. 424.9 million as conditional grants, Ksh. 66.6 million as OSR and Ksh. 1.17 billion as cash balance from FY 2018/19. The county registered significant growth of 105 per cent on its OSR collections during the FY 2019/20 compared to same period of FY 2018/19. However, with the outbreak of the pandemic, the county experienced a decline in OSR. The actual spending outturn for the FY 2019/20 shows that the county expenditure stood at Ksh. 6.56 billion which comprises of Ksh. 4.81 billion recurrent spending and Ksh. 1.75 billion development spending. With the Covid-19 pandemic, the actual spending is set to rise as county move to increase spending on vital health personnel and equipment necessary for supporting the fight against the spread of the novel coronavirus. As at the end of June 2020, health sector expenditure accounted for Ksh 1.164 billion which is 17.7 per cent of total spending with an overall absorption rate of 89 per cent. Absorption rate for health sector recurrent expenditure stood at 91 per cent while that for development expenditure stood at 0.0 per cent. With COVID-19, absorption of health sector spending increased due to county has increased spending in the fourth quarter of FY 2019/20. 5 1.3 County Fiscal Response, Interventions and Budget Re-allocation With the outbreak of COVID-19 Tana River county undertook myriad of administrative and budgetary interventions. The county re-allocated its budget. During the second supplementary budget, the county reorganized it budgetary allocations where Ksh. 33.0 million was allocated to handling and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The County established the County COVID-19 Emergency Response Fund. The county government allocated Ksh. 33.628 million to the Fund to mitigate the adverse effects of the coronavirus and help restore socio-economic status of county residents. Financial support from development partners. The county received a grant of Ksh. 6.195 million from DANIDA to help the county mitigate the effects of COVID-19. The money was allocated to different departments to respond to the pandemic. The county drafted a post COVID-19 recovery plan with input from all the departments with strategies that each department will focus on to hasten recovery of the county economy. The county also established county emergency response committee. The committee’s role was mainly to mobilize resources especially donations, foods and non-food items from donors and well-wishers in order to cushion the communities affected by the pandemic. Through the department of Special Program, the county identified the most vulnerable households, people living with disability (PWDs) and the elderly to benefit from the food relief program. The county prepared for treatment and Management of confirmed cases. The County converted Hola Referral Hospital old maternity and male wards into isolation wards to hold a capacity of 50 beds. Similarly, the county renovated the general wards and maternity wings in Bura and Ngao hospitals for isolation with a capacity of 12 beds each. Further, the county trained its healthcare workers on the preparedness and handling of COVID-19 related issues. The county undertook to enhance access to water. The county identified areas where there was critical need of water. To meet the shortfall, the county rehabilitated boreholes and purchased water meters to ensure constant water supply. It also allocated Ksh. 60.0 million to the water department to facilitate drilling of more boreholes. To promote hand hygiene, the county provided handwashing units in various parts of Hola town and scaled it to other towns. 6 2 Socio-Economic Effect of COVID-19 As the country was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, several other shocks hit the county as well. These included flash floods/mudslides/landslides, livestock diseases, the invasion of desert locusts and intrusion of sea water into the river affecting farmers. a) Labour participation From the May 2020 KNBS COVID-19 Survey, workers in construction sector recorded the highest number of hours lost in a week (22.5) while mining, water, arts, entertainment and electricity are among the services which recorded no loss of hours worked. Workers in Transport and storage and education sector lost 19.6 and 16.6 hours, respectively. Workers in manufacturing, wholesale and trade and information and technology lost 15.0, 10.3 and 16.0, hours respectively. Figure 3: Difference between usual hours worked and actual hours worked during COVID-19 period Source: KNBS Further, 62.0 per cent of workers in Tana River county recorded decreased income; 2.0 per cent reported increase in income; while 76.9 per cent recorded working as unpaid workers. The county recorded 69.2 per cent of workers in informal sector and 7.1 per cent never attended to work due to COVID-19 related issues. In private sector schools, teachers and other workers lost their incomes. Some other businesses such as bars, hotels, market centres had totally closed, leading to reduced business activities. Some workers in the transport sector had also been rendered jobless due to restriction of movement in and out of Nairobi and Mombasa counties. On average, county lost 10.4 hours worked in a week and the hours. b) Agricultural sector 7 The May 2020 KNBS COVID_19 Survey found that 15.8 per cent of the households in Tana River county had instances where the household or a member of the household could not access the markets/grocery stores to purchase food items, mainly because of closure of the markets/grocery stores (62.8 per cent) and transport limitations (36.0 per cent). A key concern was that the food groups affected most are the nutritious food categories – vegetables, fruits and meat products – which are necessary for boosting the immune system of the population. Further, with restrictions affecting seamless movement of food commodities, 84.0 per cent of households in Tana River county indicated having experienced an increase in food prices. It is important to note that 2.5 per cent of households purchase food products from open-air markets, 47.5 per cent from kiosks and 31.8 per cent from general shops (KIHBS 2015/16). Additionally, 82.3 per cent of the total value consumed was from purchases, 9.0 per cent from own production, 4.8 per cent from own stock and 3.9 per cent from gifts and other sources. As such, increased food prices had significant implications on household budget. Marketing activity in the county was majorly affected as a result of the pandemic. Movement restrictions and the partial lockdowns placed in some parts of the country curtailed movement of services and goods to the markets especially to Nairobi and Mombasa which the county identifies as its key markets. Mango was one of the main produces in the county which was affected by closure of markets and travel restrictions hence reducing sales in main markets particularly in Thika and Mombasa. Further, an assessment of the COVID-19 effects on hours worked in agriculture related occupations indicates food processing and related trade workers recorded the highest difference of 28.0 hours between the usual and actual hours worked in a week. Other affected subcategories included: - agricultural, fishery and related labourers (12.0 hours difference); subsistence agricultural and fishery workers (5.0 hours difference); and farm workers (3.0 hours difference). Additional significant challenges faced by the county during the COVID-19 pandemic period included: Desert locusts (4.4%); Floods/ Mudslides/ Landslides (37.8%); and Livestock Diseases (9.4%). In particular, flooding in the county affected the already planted areas. Most farming communities farm along flood plains hence floods affected the farming activities and crops were swept away. c) Services sector Tourists are mainly attracted to the Tana River county by the Tana River delta and game viewing in the Kora National Reserve, Arawale National Reserve, and the Tana 8 Primate National Reserve. Due the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures to contain its spread such as social distancing, the number of visitors to the county by both domestic and foreign tourists declined over the second and third quarter of 2020. The pandemic disrupted the education system leading to loss of learning and teaching time. Some learning institutions adopted E-learning which was constrained because of digital divide among the county residents. Only 5.2 per cent of households in the county own desktop computer/ laptop/ tablet (May 2020 KNBS COVID_19 Survey). Moreover, a paltry 7.3 per cent of households have access to internet connectivity, indicating that distance-learning was limited in vast parts of the county especially among students in the rural parts of the county. In addition, the suspension of school feeding programme had consequences on the food security and nutritional status of many children, especially those depended on the programme. Further, 98.0 percent of county res0idents did not visit health facilities, implying number of patients visiting the hospital or seeking medical services reduced significantly due to fear of contracting COVID-19. This led to significant reduction of the health revenue stream in the county. The loss of jobs and staying at home led to the potential of domestic violence, lack of livelihoods coupled with psychological stress became rampant. d) Micro Small and Medium Enterprises sector Majority of MSMEs in Tana River County operate in the wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (69.4%); arts, entertainment and recreation (2.5%); accommodation and food services (16.2%); agriculture, forestry and fishing (3.8%); and manufacturing (3%). Generally, these are the sectors that were affected most by the pandemic and need focus in achieving reengineering and recovery. MSMEs in Tana River County are largely located in commercial premises (50.4%). This implies that some businesses in the County faced difficulties in meeting their rental obligations due income disruptions resulting from COVID-19 pandemic. Further, 90.1 per cent of the non-farm businesses attributed non-payment of household rental obligations to reduced incomes/earnings, 6.4 per cent due to delayed incomes/earnings while 3.5 per cent attributed the same to temporary layoffs/closure of businesses (May 2020 KNBS COVID_19 survey). For those involved in farm businesses, 94.9 per cent attributed the same to reduced incomes/earnings while 5.1 per cent were affected by temporary layoffs/closure of businesses. The survey also found the wholesale and retail trade sector lost 10.3 hours in usual and actual hours worked in a week. This is an indicator of the adverse effects on the county’s service sector due to the pandemic which could imply loss of productivity, output and employment. Equally, the manufacturing sector lost 15.0 hours. 9 Regarding access to markets, about 0.2 per cent of the MSMEs in the County depend on export markets and 1.2 per cent import markets for their material inputs. Therefore, disruptions in the external markets had adverse implications to MSME operations in the county. That said, significant effort is required to diversify the market for MSMEs for their growth. e) Infrastructure and housing The county government scaled down activities in the transport sector in order to focus on areas that address mitigating the effects of the pandemic. The measures instituted transport sector in response to the pandemic saw an increase in fares charged to cover the operating costs of service providers as well as affecting mobility options for commuters. As a result of the pandemic, passengers using public transport services saw expenditure on fares increase by 48.1 per cent. Residents responded to the emergence of COVID-19 by changing their travel patterns with 11.9 per cent of the population traveling less often, while 21.9 per cent were unable to travel due to the pandemic. The County Headquarters, Hola, is currently connected to the National Optic Fibre Backbone (NOFBI) II. Approximately 98.7 per cent of public primary schools are installed with ICT capacity under the Digital Literacy Programme. That said, only 5.5 per cent of the conventional households in the county 'own' internet with 2.7 per cent owning a desktop, computer laptop or tablet. Further, only 1.0 per cent of the households participate in online e-commerce, with men participating more in online e- commerce (1.4 per cent) than women (0.7 per cent). Further, there is a gender divide in use of internet where 11.6 per cent male and 6.1 per cent of the women using internet. Majority of households (78.5 per cent) own the housing units they occupy while 21.5 per cent of the households are under rental tenure. Individuals are the primary providers of rental housing at 83.8 per cent, followed by Government (4.8 per cent); private companies (3.6 per cent); County Government (3.5 per cent); National Parastatals (2.8 per cent); and FBO/NGO/Church based housing at (1.4 per cent). With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic households’ ability to pay rent has been affected, with 18.5 per cent of the population indicating inability to pay rent on the agreed date. The main reason that has made households unable to pay rent was attributed to reduced incomes /earnings, reported by 74.3 per cent of the population. f) Gender and youth In Tana River County, there was case of COVID-19/GBV reported in April 2020 based on data from the Healthcare Assistance Kenya (HAK) Helpline 1195. The May 2020 10 KNBS COVID_19 survey revealed that approximately 19.0 per cent of respondents had witnessed or heard of domestic violence in their communities since the National Government instituted measures to contain COVID-19. Between March -May 2020, there were 1,157 cases of adolescents (age 10-19) presenting with pregnancy at health facilities based on data from the Kenya Health Information System (KHIS, 2020). g) Water and sanitation Billed revenue from water sales was below expectation with only 40% revenue collection efficiency in August, 2020. Water companies lost a significant amount of their revenues due to low demand of water and sanitation services mostly from hotels, schools and other institutions due to closure of operations. This may affect the delivery, development and rehabilitation of WASH services. 3 Key Pillars of the Recovery Strategy There is need for urgent responses for addressing the social and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Tana River County, in order for the County to recover and be on an upward growth trajectory. In this regard, six (6) pillars have been identified: Boosting private sector activity; policy, legislation and institutional reforms; strengthening County government’s preparedness and response to pandemic and disasters; enhancing ICT capacity for business continuity, human capital development and enhancing irrigated agriculture. 3.1 Boosting Private Sector Activity The private sector plays a critical role in the Tana River County economy. Most of the private sector activities (69.4%) are in the services sector with only 3.0 per cent in manufacturing (KNBS 2016). In terms of size, most of the enterprises in the County are in the micro category (94.2%), 3.5 per cent are small, 1.3 per cent are medium while 1.0 per cent are medium enterprises. Since most firms are micro in nature, this implies that the informal sector dominates the private sector in Tana River County. Services sector activities include the wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (69.4%); arts, entertainment and recreation (2.5%); accommodation and food services (16.2%); agriculture, forestry and fishing (3.8%); and manufacturing (3%). COVID-19 disrupted the operations of businesses and supply chains hence affecting demand and supply of most goods and services in the County. Overall, majority of the MSMEs (76.4%) in the county get their raw materials from their peer MSMEs within the County. MSMEs widely sell their products to individual consumers (85.0%) within 11 the County. This means that when some firms are adversely affected this tend to spread fast in the private sector. MSMEs face various challenges in the County. This including financial and technical capacity, market environment, and worksite and related infrastructure (KIPPRA 2019, KNBS, 2016). On worksites, MSEs face inadequate and unequipped worksites, lack of public toilet facilities, lack designated areas for waste disposal, poor road infrastructure, frequent power interruptions. On technical capacity MSEs are characterised by low levels of innovation, lack of training and apprenticeship programme for artisans, fragmentation due to multiplicity of players who offer training and capacity building, and lack of monitoring and evaluation of training programmes. With the market environment, MSEs face inadequate market for their local products; stiff competition among themselves; and unfair trade practises which manifest through; contract enforcement, counterfeiting, dumping (substandard goods) and misrepresentation (through weight, price, ingredient). MSEs also face bottlenecks related to; insecurity; multiple licences and permits; numerous procedures for obtaining licenses; and shortage of raw materials. The crisis offered an opportunity to address structural issues through private sector development and collaboration, in designing new growth models in industrial/manufacturing development and innovation and participation in national and global value chains are also useful especially through; i) Agro - processing for value addition with important areas of focus include mangoes, cowpeas, bananas, maize, green grams livestock including fish and leather. ii) The textile and wearing apparel sectors can be enhanced to provide PPEs for use within the County and potentially for the export market. iii) Exploration and processing of minerals such as gypsum. In strengthening the private sector, efforts targeted at improving the business environment in the County, include the following: i) County government partnering with private and public institutions to facilitate development of adequate and well-equipped worksites with workshops, common user facilities, incubation centres and showrooms for artisans which is cluster informed and fully serviced. ii) Providing access to affordable energy in collaboration with the national government and other stakeholders. iii) Initiating and strengthening self-sustaining funds dedicated and easily accessible to MSMEs in the County; promoting tailor made financial literacy programmes for MSMEs; and establishing a framework for micro-leasing for the MSMEs. 12 iv) Developing appropriate road infrastructure especially the county roads while collaborating with the private sector through PPP’s to get financing of the projects. v) Collaborating with the National government to ensure security is enhanced to reduce on crime and create a peaceful business environment. vi) Construction of B89 (Hola – Madogo road), Hola-Waldena-Kitui road, and Bura- Subukia-Bangale road that will improve connectivity and boost SMEs. 3.2 Policy, Legislatives, and Institutional Reforms The County Government of Tana River has enacted numerous County laws with respect to various sectors for instance: transport, trade licensing, micro finance, water and sanitation, sand harvesting, livestock grazing, early childhood education, revenue administration, service delivery coordination, agriculture development, regulation of village polytechnics and establishment of a county investment and development corporation. In responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of new diseases the County will: i. Enact laws to establish and outline the powers to be exercised, duties to be performed, and responsible institutions and agencies during times of public health emergencies or spread of infectious diseases within the County. ii. Work closely with organisations such as Kenya Law Reform Commission, International Institute for Legislative Affairs and International Development Law Organisation to build capacity in legislative drafting for the County Assembly members, legislative drafters within the County, the County attorney and legal officers. 3.3 Strengthening County Government’s Preparedness and Response to Pandemic and Disasters Over time, Tana River County has been subjected to environmental disasters such as seasonal flooding and wildlife destruction. Even then, the County has not been spared by the COVID-19 pandemic which has affected the County’s economy and led to disruption of lives. Considering this, the County has committed to: i. Develop a policy, legal and institutional framework to guide the County in management of disasters and emergencies within the County. This includes operationalization of the Tana River County Emergency Fund whose regulations have been approved by the County Assembly as required by the PFM act ii. Emphasize the importance of community participation and involvement in surveillance, for linking detection to rapid confirmation and response. 13 iii. Increase better coordination and understanding of the nexus between human and animal health surveillance. iv. Create new, and expand on existing, networks with donor and technical partners to support surveillance and disease reduction strategies. v. Equip medical professionals engaged in the County with specialised skills to respond to evolving public health priorities. vi. Invest in research on COVID-19 and other similar infectious diseases while recognizing the possibility of re-emerging and emerging infectious diseases. vii. Continued implementation of the Eco-Village Cluster Programme as a flood mitigation measure. Under this programme, the County has identified 14 clusters on areas free from floods and is currently piloting the programme by developing four of the clusters. viii. Roll out livestock insurance schemes to cushion pastoralists against shocks such as floods, drought and Covid 19 pandemic ix. Continued investment in in climate-proof infrastructure which is one of the strategic objectives of the administrationThe county will ensure construction of climate proof structures x. The County Government in collaboration with NDMA is developing a contingency plan to enhance the preparedness and response of the County Government, communities and other stakeholders against disaster risk in the County including floods, drought and COVID-19. 3.4 Enhancing ICT Capacity for Business Continuity The status of ICT access and use in the county is low, especially among households. Approximately 31.6 per cent of the population aged 3.0 years and above own a mobile phone which is below the national average of 47.3 per cent. The high cost of services and the perception of that individuals do not need to use the internet as well as lack of knowledge and skills on internet are the leading reasons that the residents of the County do not have internet connection. In the new normal driven COVID-19, the County will fast track the implementation of various projects to ensure business continuity and build resilience of the County against future pandemics and disasters as follows: i) Initiate support programmes in partnership with the private sector that will enable households acquire ICT assets such as smart phones and laptops and increase mobile phone ownership from the low of 31.6 per cent to 100 per cent in line with the global agenda for Universal Access to Mobile Telephony1 ii) Improve ICT connection networks to island based human settlements through aerial and subsea technologies. Collaborate with the Communications Authority 1 Universal access to mobile telephony: http://www.itu.int/itunews/manager/display.asp?lang=en&year=2007&issue=07&ipage=universal-telephony 14 and telecom service providers to utilize the Universal Service Fund2 as a “last resort” in providing ICT access in remote areas where market forces fail to expand access. iii) Collaborate with IT personnel in universities to support the development of ICT competence and skills among the public and bolster a digital economy. iv) Negotiate with the public primary schools for community access to ICT infrastructure and collaboratively build and equip youth empowerment, ICT centers and ICT laboratories as provided in the CIDP. v) Enhance internet connectivity to public buildings and key trade centres to boost e-commerce especially for MSMEs in trade and business. The NOFBI programme will be expanded to the sub-county administrative units to further enable deployment of e-governance solutions. vi) Make ICT a standalone sector for planning and budget allocation. This is aimed at giving strategic prominence to planning, budgeting and investment in ICT. vii) Develop and implement ICT policies and procedures to manage ICT and mitigate cyber threats. Collaborate with the national Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT) and the Communications Authority (CA) towards managing cyber threats. This is because enhanced use of ICT is known to raise threats and risks related to cyber-crime and misinformation. viii) Establish one ICT centre per sub-county to ensure access to ICT services and offer employment to County citizens. ix) Improving mobile network coverage in areas with limited or no mobile network coverage such as Walesorea, Titila and areas around to Bangale. This is by proposing such initiatives to be financed by the Universal Service Fund which is to promote communication infrastructure and services roll-out in rural, remote and under-served areas. 3.5 Promoting Human Capital Development The County population aged 15-64 years (labour force) was estimated at 143,877 people of whom 118,026 people were working and 25,851 were seeking work but work was not available representing an unemployment rate of 18.0 per cent (Kenya Population and Housing Census, 2019). From the May 2020 KNBS COVID_19 Survey, 21.6 per cent of the county labour force worked at least for 1.0 hour for pay; 9.2 per cent had never worked; 7.1 per cent of employees did not attend to work due to COVID-19 and 76.9 per cent of employees working without pay. On average, workers in the County lost 10.4 hours per week due 2 Universal Service Fund: https://ca.go.ke/industry/universal-access/purpose-of-the-fund/ 15 to COVID-19 and 62.0 percent of county residents recorded decrease in income while 2.0 percent recorded increase of income. The average years of schooling was 8.7 years out of the target of at least 12 if entire population was to attain completed basic education including primary and secondary education (KIHBS 2015/16). The Human Development Index (HDI) at county level measures extent to which the counties can mobilize the economic and professional potential of the citizens. With a rating of 0.60 against the possible 1, this implies that the county lost about 40 percent of its economic potential due to lack of adequate education and health. About 17.2 per cent of the children were stunted. Childhood stunting is associated with developmental delays that can significantly and adversely impact a person’s ability to learn (both during and after the years in school), thereby limiting their ability to reach their full potential. As a such, this perpetuates inequality across generations. The NHIF coverage was 28.3 percent while the number of children vaccinated was 92.3 per cent. The county will adopt the following strategies; (i) Expand access to collectively financed paid sick leave, sickness benefits, and parental/care leave to ensure income security for those who are sick, quarantined or caring for children, elderly or other family members. (ii) Promote investment and entrepreneurship through provision of loans. The county will improve access to finance for small and medium enterprises through lending institutions. (iii) Building workplace resilience to public health emergencies and outbreaks of infectious diseases. (iv) Strengthen the capacity of workers and the employer’s organizations to enhance their knowledge base and understanding of the mechanism of employment and pay dynamics amidst COVID-19 pandemic. 3.6 Exploiting irrigated agriculture The National Spatial Plan 2015-20453 identifies Tana River County as having a comparatively better developed rural economy, with potential for irrigation agriculture, livestock production and fish farming. The county irrigation potential areas range between 180,000ha - 200,000ha, out of which only 2.0 per cent has been put under irrigation development4. About 10.0 per cent of the exploited potential is under the large-scale irrigation schemes including Bura, Hola and Gamba (TARDA) Irrigation schemes. A portion of the area covered by the Galana-Kulalu Food Security Project is in Tana River County. Moreover, some large-scale water projects such as the development of the Waldena and Galma water pans could avail water for irrigation 3 National Spatial Plan: https://vision2030.go.ke/publication/kenya-national-spatial-plan-2015-2045/ 4 Tana River County Integrated Development Plan 2018-2022: https://www.cog.go.ke/downloads 16 agriculture. Crops grown under irrigation in Tana-River County include; maize, green gram and cowpeas, vegetables and banana. Strategically, in the post Covid-19 period the county will focus on: i. Developing irrigation management strategy that guides irrigation schemes, use of existing potential, funding and partnerships for development. ii. Intensification of the use of the available land in the irrigation schemes and supporting small holder irrigation projects. iii. Investing in riverbank protection to ease the flooding effects. iv. Organizing farmers into cooperatives so that they can benefit from financial assistance and loans from banks and other financial institutions. v. Developing partnership with development partners, such as, the National Government, NGOs, Research Institutions and the Private sector in enhancing investment in irrigation equipment, technologies and infrastructure. 4 Support to Key Sectors 4.1 Manufacturing Manufacturing sector contributes 0.03 per cent to the Tana River Gross County Product (GCP). Manufacturing in Tana River County include wearing apparel (81.3%), food products (10.7%) and textiles (8.0%). The key products useful in value addition and driving manufacturing include; mangoes, cowpeas, bananas, maize and green grams. For livestock cattle, donkey, camel and goat, poultry, fish are predominant. The county also has potential in sand and murram harvesting and gypsum mining. Further, the industries/factories in the County are mainly involved in mango and honey processing. The sector is therefore, essential in supporting recovery of the economy of Tana River County from the effects of Covid-19 pandemic. This is especially due to its potential in revenue and employment generation. The County will therefore take the following measures: i) Establish an emergency rescue package for businesses and traders hard-hit by the effects of Covid-19 in the short term. The emergency Fund, supported by development partners and other stakeholders, can be used to identify and support the most vulnerable businesses and entrepreneurs affected by Covid- 19. Related, the County will inject some stimulus to cushion the businesses and traders through affordable credit; waiver of some County taxes, cess, and other charges. ii) Covid-19 has increased demand for locally produced goods in the County, and especially Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs), sanitisers, hospital beds and ventilators. It is an opportunity to spur innovation and promote 17 manufacturing and industry development and generation of jobs for the youth. iii) Establishments in the county will adopt to the new pandemic guidelines including rearranging floor plans to allow for social distancing. iv) Roll out Livestock Insurance Programme for ASAL areas Counties in partnership with the national government and other stakeholders as outlined in MTP III. v) Explore the great potential for agro-based industries for maize, milk and meat processing. vi) Tap into the fishing production and processing by having right investment towards value addition and use of modern fishing technologies to increase fish catches vii) Establish tanneries for processing hides and skins from livestock. 4.2 Agriculture Agriculture accounts for the largest share of economic activity in Tana River county. More than a half of county economic activity is driven by the agriculture sector. In 2017, agriculture accounted for Ksh. 18,333 million out of the total Ksh. 33,498 million Gross County Product (GCP) amounting to 54.7 per cent of the county’s GCP. Key economic drivers of the county include agriculture through irrigation schemes, livestock and fish farming at the Delta. As the agri-food sector gradually shifts from an emergency response to re- engineering, recovery and building resilience, Tana River County will adopt the following strategies: i) Developing partnership with development partners, such as, the National Government, NGOs, Research Institutions and the Private sector in enhancing agro-processing and value addition capacities of the county in meat, leather and mango processing; a key produce in the county; ii) Investing in access roads to enhance linkage between farms and markets. Extensive rural road infrastructure plays a central role in provision of affordable access to both markets for agricultural outputs and modern inputs. Tana River’s rural access index (RAI) fairs poorly at 11 per cent compared to the national average of 69.4 per cent. Other crucial market infrastructure includes lighting and water services to facilitate trade activities; iii) Capitalize on opportunities in cooperatives and producer associations to enhance farmers access to formal financial services and marketing opportunities beyond the county level, in both domestic and international markets across the agricultural value chain; iv) Digitize the agri-food sector to support: - training and building capacities of farming households in modern agricultural technologies, provision of advisory 18 and information services, marketing agricultural produce at a wider scope beyond the county level, and improving access to innovative support services including credit and insurance services; v) Access to quality and affordable inputs including certified seeds (e.g. maize, green gram and cowpeas seeds), water, animal feeds, AI services, pesticides, fertilizers, livestock vaccination and ploughing services by county tractor hire services; vi) Expansion and efficient utilization sustainable irrigation and water harvesting technologies in the county through partnership with development partners. To support expansion of sustainable irrigation, there is need to promote development of Irrigation Infrastructure and technologies in the county. vii) Establish programmes for surveillance of disasters such as extreme weather conditions, crop pest and diseases, and livestock disease at the county level equipped with relevant technical specialists and finances to effectively prepare, respond and prevent risks. The county will mitigate disasters, such as those related to floods, through institutional capacity development, vulnerability analyses and updates, monitoring and early warning systems, and public education; viii) To support food crops, horticultural and livestock production in the ASAL county, there is need for the county to exploit Flood-based Irrigation Systems which have a great potential in the county. Flood based farming is “a unique form of water resource management that uses often unpredictable and occasionally destructive water supply from ephemeral streams in climate smart agriculture for crop, rangeland and agro-forest production, domestic and livestock water supply, recharging groundwater through” 5. ix) Build the capacity of farmers in produce handling/ output/ improved product standards, adoption of modern farming technologies and practices (e.g. water harvesting techniques, fodder establishments, hay harvesting, post-harvest management) and adopt sustainable land management practices to minimize environmental degradation. This including training in riverbank protection to ease the flooding effects. Most farming communities farm along flood plains hence floods affect farming activities in the county. Capacity building of farmers can be achieved through agricultural training centers. 4.3 Water and Sanitation Clean and safe water remains essential in the fight against COVID-19, water is utilized for maintaining hygiene more so in hand washing as well as other specialized uses in households, institutions and in public places. Majority (76.2 per cent) households with 5 Eyasu, Y. H., Wubneh, A. M., & Embaye, T. G. (2014). Potential bright spots for flood-based irrigation systems in Turkana and Marsabit counties, Northern Kenya, GIZ Food Security and Drought Resilience Programme (FSDRP). Northern Kenya 19 had access to water and soap while 87.5 per cent of the households do not have a designated handwashing facility in their households. There is low access to piped water which stands at 26.9 per cent in urban 11.1 per cent in rural and 13.3 per cent in peri urban areas. Additionally, is low access to piped sewer among households which is 9.1 per cent urban and less than 1 per cent coverage both in rural and peri urban. Further, 42.6 per cent rural, 39.6 per cent peri urban and 2.6 per cent urban households have no access to toilet facility. Sharing of a toilet facility with other households is common which stands at 48.3 per cent rural, 73.9 per cent urban and 51.1 per cent peri urban. To address the challenges the County will: i. Drill boreholes, construct water pans to help increase access to water in households, institutions and public places. ii. Support protection of water springs, wetlands and other water catchment areas in the county iii. Rehabilitate existing water and sewerage infrastructure to reduce water leakages leading to water losses. iv. Implement the county integrated water resources master plan v. Map water resource to know the existing water sources and the potential water sources; vi. Upscale abstraction of water from rivers, spring protections, harvesting of rainwater from roof and other catchments to help achieve increase to water access. vii. Expand and rehabilitate the existing piped water connection infrastructure to help increase access to water. viii. Provide capacity building to Water Users Associations (WRUAs) Water Service Providers (WSP) and community water organizations on efficiency in water resource management. ix. Expand sewer infrastructure to accommodate more households. x. Build toilets in communities, households, schools, health care facilities, marketplaces and public places to help increase access to improved sanitation6 xi. Provide personal protective equipment to staff working in water and sanitation sector for maximum safety and uninterrupted service delivery during this period of Covid-19 6 Improved sanitation include; flush to piped sewer, flush to septic tank, flush to pit (latrine), flush to somewhere else, flush to unknown place, ventilated improved pit latrine, pit latrine with slab, pit latrine without slab, while unimproved sanitation include; composting toilet, bucket toilet, hanging toilet/hanging, no facility/bush/field. WHO and UN classification of types of sanitation facilities. 20 xii. Promote the importance of handwashing and construct WASH facilities to increase access at the household level. xiii. Enforce the WASH regulation of having toilets in all public facilities such as supermarkets, hotels and banks etc. xiv. The county to organize sensitization forums on the importance of handwashing through the media and in community forums. 4.4 Urban Development and Housing Majority of the households (95.4 per cent) did not receive a waiver or relief on payment of rent from the landlord, with 3.5 per cent reporting a partial waiver, despite inability to pay, because of the pandemic. Approximately 33.7 per cent of houses are constructed using finished materials for walls, floor and roofing, compared to 66.2 per cent constructed using rudimentary materials. Regarding primary energy source for cooking, 95.9 per cent of households rely on unclean sources of energy such as firewood, paraffin and charcoal, which could adversely affect respiratory health of women and children. For re-engineering and recovery, the county will: i) Integrate the blue economy in spatial planning for human settlements and urban areas along the Indian Ocean with the objective to balance sea-based and land- based activities livelihoods. ii) Formulate urban development plans that integrate the smart cities and smart planning concepts to ensure continued services delivery and efficiency in service provision during emergencies. The County will do this through its venture into the Eco-Villages Cluster Programme. iii) Formulating the Integrated Development Plan (IDeP) for the the Hola Municipality under the Kenya Urban Support Programme. Alongside this, the County will continue in planning of urban centres such as Garsen, Bura and Madogo. iv) Adopt programmes aimed at increasing household access to clean energy sources and technologies for cooking to mitigate against exposure to respiratory diseases. v) Develop and implement an addressing system with complete, correct and unique address data in line with the National Addressing System. To be used in pandemic and disaster surveillance and emergency response. vi) Develop a policy to promote home ownership to address the problem of rent distress during times of emergency. vii) Avail appropriate building technology for use by the public in house construction and improvement in every subcounty, that responds to local cultural and environmental circumstances. 21 viii) Develop and implement urban planning and design instruments that support sustainable management and use of natural resources and land in line with the New Urban Agenda and as mitigative measure to future pandemics and disasters. ix) Completion of the County Spatial planning process to guide land use. x) Puruse partnership with the State Department for Housing for the roll out of the Boma Yangu initiative in the County. The County has expressed readiness to offer land for the this and the Affordable Housing Programme. xi) The County has continued to invest in improving access to affordable and suitable housing for her staff. To this end, the County has, so far, invested Kshs. 80 million under the Car Loan and Mortgage Fund. Further, the County continues to renovate staff houses and construct additional ones to meet the housing needs for staff. 4.5 Transport The county has a total of 5,354.01 Kilometers of classified road network. Approximately 13.7 per cent of the paved road network is in good condition, 39.4 per cent in fair condition and 45.1 per cent in poor condition. While 0.7 per cent of the unpaved road network is in good condition, 48.4 per cent fair and 50.7 per cent in poor condition. The main means of transport used in the County is walking at 45.7 per cent, followed by bicycle (bodaboda) 19.9 per cent, motorbike 13.41 per cent, public service vehicles (PSV) matatus at 9.4 per cent, own bicycle 5.7 per cent and Tuk Tuk at 2.7 per cent. On average, residents travel 8.2 Kilometers to their workplace which is beyond the threshold distance for walking but within the threshold for cycling. To enhance mobility options for residents and maintain the roads in good condition to support economic, social and subsistence activities. In the recovery phase, the county will: i) Identify county significant infrastructure projects for stimulus support and funding to boost economic recovery from the effects of the pandemic. These will be integrated with the LAPSSET project. ii) Apply labor-based and local resource-based approaches for road development and maintenance, where technically and economically feasible, in line with the Roads 2000 national policy7. iii) Improve and expand infrastructure for Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) in urban areas and along roads with heavy-highspeed traffic to promote 7 Roads 2000 programme http://krb.go.ke/our-downloads/roads%202000%20strategic%20plan.pdf 22 sustainable mobility options and enhance road safety for all road users. This is in line with the Integrated National Transport Policy 2009 and the Sustainable Development Goals8. iv) Identify core rural road network for prioritization to improve the rural access index (RAI) from the current 11.0 per cent with a target to match the national average of 70.0 per cent. v) Encourage urban-rural connectivity by investing in sustainable transport and mobility infrastructure linked to sea and land. vi) Promote access for all to safe, age- and gender-responsive, affordable, accessible and sustainable land and sea transport systems. vii) Collaborate with transport sector stakeholders to register transport operators into formal organizations to enable future County government support and funding during times of emergency. viii) Sensitize PSV, boda boda and tuk tuk operators on COVID-19 prevention measures and assist vehicle owners in retrofitting vehicle designs for social distance, hygiene and ventilation. ix) Re-develop bus parks and termini to address crowding and social distancing concerns stipulated in the public health guidelines. x) Focus on increasing the share of unpaved roads in good and fair condition to above 62.0 per cent, which is the national average. For the unpaved road network, focus on adopting the Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSR) technology for greater network coverage cost effectively. xi) Adopt climate smart road engineering designs to safeguard road and bridge infrastructure from floods and to integrate river and sea-based threats on infrastructure. xii) County to come up with guidelines to regulate the exorbitant fares charged by PSV operators in the county. xiii) Enforcement of the fuel prices provided by the Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA) to limit the cases of the vendors selling fuel at higher prices. 4.6 Tourism The key tourist attractions in the County include physical attractions/nature-based tourism (Tana River delta - the largest freshwater wetland systems with over 22 species of birds; and other wildlife); wildlife/safari (the Kora National Reserve; Arawale National Reserve; and Tana Primate National Reserve); Lake shakababo (ox-bow lake) and Cultural and heritage tourism. The county does not have star-rated accommodation facilities. There are no tourist class hotels in the County. All hotels in the county fall under unclassified category; hence, accommodation and food services 8 Sustainable Mobility for All: https://sum4all.org/implementing-sdgs 23 accounts for 0.1 per cent of total GCP9. The county has great potential for tourism, which is currently unexploited. To promote and grow tourism, the county will: i) Conduct mapping for all tourism sites in the county and develop a masterplan and Tourism Development policy for the tourism sector. Already, the County has set aside Kshs. 9.5 m for this exercise in the FY 20/21 ii) Diversify and market new tourism products (and Tana River County as a tourist destination), including conference, ecotourism, cultural festivals, bird watching and heritage tourism. The county has a huge talent base for sporting activities but is hampered by limited technical personnel and facilities. iii) Invest in improvement of WASH in the county and tourism-related establishments to deter spread of COVID-19 and other potential infectious diseases, which are already a setback to development of tourism. iv) Establish cultural centres and a tourism information centres v) Set up community-based conservancies. vi) Establish the lower Tana tourism circuit. vii) Improve rural access roads to increase accessibility of tourism sites. viii) Intensify marketing of tourist attraction to reduce the bad publicity of the county. 4.7 Health The county has 71 health facilities comprised of 2 level four public hospitals located in Hola and Ngao. There is one sub-county hospital in Bura, five public health centres, 40 dispensaries and 20 private clinics, two mission dispensaries and one private health centre. The bed capacity is 158 while the average distance to a health facility is six kilometres. The county has 16 doctors, 250 nurses, 1,149 community health workers (CHEWs), 53 public health officers (PHOs), and 33 nutrition officers against a population of 315,943 (KNBS, 2019). There is a chronic shortage of personnel in almost all areas of medical practice and management. That said, the county experienced some drawbacks during the fight against COVID-19. The doctor population ratio stands at 1: 26,115 while the nurse patient ratio is 1: 1700 against the recommended WHO standard Doctor or nurse Population ratio of 1:230. The health sector requires enhanced investment in health systems, including in the health workforce, capacity building of community health workers and the medical officers on COVID 19, upgrading of working conditions and provision of requisite health commodities and equipment, especially in relation to personal protective equipment and occupational safety. Providing support in health-care teams and 9 Data source: KNBS GCP report, 2019; 24 among families, and friends, information and guidance for health workers on how to deal with stress, and post-traumatic stress counselling as an integral part of response to COVID-19 and any other health sector emergency. In the recovery phase, the county will: (i) Employment of mixed cadres staffs ,capacity building and deployment of staffs to offer fair fundamental types of assistance all through a crisis, managing direct mortality and morbidity levels. The County will also remunerate health workers appropriately and ensure adequate procurement and distribution of PPE. (ii) Promote construction, upgrading and equipping of health facilities through additional funding to health sector, this will enable the county to achieve the CIDP 2018-2022 goal of improving of Health Infrastructure and systems. (iii) Promote collaboration with other sectors in generation and application of new knowledge for improved service delivery. (iv) Improve health insurance and assistance system and in the event of emergencies health insurance agencies shall allocate part of the health insurance fund in advance to ensure that hospitals provide treatment before charging fees. (v) The county will strengthen preventative and promotive health services through malaria control; expanded programmes on immunization; integrated management of childhood illness; and control and prevention of environmentally communicable diseases. (vi) Provide enough water collection points and water use facilities in the health facilities to allow convenient access to, and use of, water for medical activities, drinking, personal hygiene, food preparation, laundry and cleaning 4.8 Education and training The county has 315 early childhood development and education (ECDE) centres with 462 teachers. The gross enrolment rate for ECDE was estimated at 56.3 per cent with a teacher pupil ratio of 1:51. The enrolment of boys and girls is at 55.6 per cent and 42.7 per cent respectively. The county has 152 primary schools with 1,219 teachers giving rise to a teacher pupil ratio of 1:40. However, the available schools are not evenly distributed. The average gross primary school enrolment rate was at 60.4 per cent with boys’ enrolment rate standing at 68.5 per cent while that of girls stood at 51.9 per cent. The county has 52 secondary schools with 150 teachers. The teacher/student ratio is 1:32. The net secondary school enrolment was 4,903 with 1,603 being girls and 3,300 boys. The girl population is so low due the high drop-out rate arising from early marriages and pregnancies. There are no colleges or universities in the county. The literacy rate for the county is 33.7 per cent and the illiteracy rate is at 66.3 per cent. 25 Some of the strategies the county will employ when schools reopen include provision of WASH, PPEs, feeding programme in ECDE sections, ECDE capitation grants, capacity building of ECDE teachers and staff and parents on effects of COVID-19 awareness, and establishment of ECDE teacher’s college. For primary and secondary education, the county needs to increase primary and secondary enrollment rates. For TVETs, the main objective is to fill the gap in training of middle level and technical employees through improved construction of new centers and incorporation of modern infrastructure. The recovery and re-engineering strategies include: (i) Promoting construction of new ECDE classes to promote social distancing, and recruit skilled teachers, as envisioned on CIDP 2018-2022. (ii) Providing adequate personal protective equipment for teachers, learners and other employees in the schools. Build communities’ trust in the health and safety measures taken by schools to guarantee the well-being of returning students and to ensure that the risk of pandemic is minimized. (iii) Establishing vocational training centres as a vital strategy to equip youths with the necessary skills for improved economic productivity; and establishment of vocational training centres with specialized courses will be priority in a bid to align vocational training with the needs of the industry. (iv) Promoting back to school campaign when schools reopen and community outreach to ensure that no child is being dropped out of school due to COVID-19 emergency (v) Promoting monitoring and addressing psychosocial wellbeing of students, teachers and education officers as well as educating them on how to mitigate spread of coronavirus. (vi) Building the capacity of all public-school teachers to provide training, guidance and quality assurance to them and prepare for education continuation in future outbreaks through provision of internet and ICT support among households. (vii) Integrate ICT into learning and promote distance learning programmes by implementing measures to ensure students from low-income backgrounds have access to online education, this will be achieved through allocation of learning devices and supporting students and teachers from the poorest regions with internet connectivity. (viii) Implement programmes to ensure high transition and retention rate for early years and vocational training. Currently, the County is subsidizing tuition for vocational training and is implementing a School Feeding Programme targeting EYE learners. (ix) Provision of learning materials and equipment for vocational training centres. 26 4.9 Social Protection The county has a total of 3,099 orphans and vulnerable children households. The county has 10 families hosting retarded children but no documented cases of street children. The county has 4 Children Officers but lacks children facilities like children offices, orphanages, rescue centres, and correction/rehabilitation facilities. In terms of social safety net programmes, the County has: Cash Transfer to Older Persons (OPCT) of above 65+ years, Cash Transfer to Orphans and Vulnerable Children (CT- OVC) and Cash Transfer to Persons with Severe Disabilities (CT-PWSD). According to the provisional 2013 and 2014 statistical abstracts from the Department of Social Services, the County had 293 and 302 consolidated number of beneficiaries with an annual disbursement of Ksh. 4,711,000 and Ksh. 1,120,000 respectively. Recovery strategies include; (i) Promoting the Universal Healthcare Programme (UHC), to support the vulnerable communities and register them with NHIF to help them access health service at a subsidized cost. (ii) Building the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters (iii) Establishing a supportive framework of policies and programmes across economic and social sectors that addresses the needs of social protection recipients. (iv) Enhancing the cash transfer programme to ensure that the needs of the registered children and older persons are taken care of. (v) Ensuring basic income security, for persons whose jobs or livelihoods have been disrupted by the crisis, also coordinating social protection programmes and strengthen linkages across various social protection interventions (vi) Provision of food and non-food items to vulnerable households. 4.10 Gender and Youth The social and economic effects of COVID-19 pandemic increased households’ susceptibility to Gender Based Violence (GBV) in the County. Response measures taken to contain the pandemic, such as movement restrictions, lockdown and curfew hours, led to loss of income, isolation, high levels of stress and anxiety exposing household members to psychological, economic, sexual violence and physical harm as couples spend more time in close contact. The following gender related will be undertaken: (i) Prioritize reporting of GBV cases through help lines such as toll-free calls and SMS numbers for victims. 27 (ii) Designate gender safe spaces to provide accommodation for Gender Based Violence (GBV) survivors and create space in County Referral Hospitals to serve as GBV recovery centers. (iii) Partner with key stakeholders to actively engage and sensitize the youth on reproductive health; HIV/Aids and COVID-19 prevention measures. (iv) Establish a multi-sectoral committee that oversees the implementation of gender policies across various cross-cutting sectors. (v) Strengthen inclusive community outreach strategies to ensure GBV messaging is localized and clear, and addresses stigma, discrimination and other power dynamics that serve as barriers to accessing GBV services & COVID-19 information among differently able persons. (vi) Promote use of alternative means of GBV safe outreach and awareness-raising that limit direct contact i.e. using traditional methods e.g. town criers and use of loudspeakers. (vii) Roll out of labour intensive programmes to provide employment opportunities for youth. (viii) Operationalization of the INUKA fund to inject liquidity among youth, women and PWDs. To date, Kshs. 50M has been earmarked to the Fund. 4.11 Environment and Natural Resources Management The ecosystems of Tana River county is dominated by indigenous forests, woodlands, rivers, oceans, and large vegetation covers. This ecosystem provides fruits, vegetables, wildlife, pasture and construction materials to the population. Efforts to conserve the environment are hampered by the increasing population which exerts pressure on the natural resources, encroachment on wetlands, land degradation, deforestation, illegal logging, water pollution and land pollution. The major sources of energy for cooking used by households are firewood at 55.6 per cent, charcoal 43 per cent, liquified gas at 0.5 per cent and Kerosene 0.6 per cent. Use of firewood and charcoal has a negative effect on environment management and conservation. To mitigate these environmental risks, the county has put in place measures to mainstream environmental and climate change in County planning and budgeting processes with aim of strengthening disaster risk mitigation measures and reducing damages caused by natural hazards like floods and droughts. Additional strategies to enable Country to recover from effects of COVID 19 include; i. Provide and promote alternative sources of clean energy for cooking. ii. Increase forest cover and biodiversity conservation through tree planting iii. Facilitatee and promote climate change financing and investments programmes. iv. Implement environment conservation policy v. Enforce the riverbank 30 meters free boundary 28 vi. Provide waste collection services at households, promote and facilitate regular waste collection, environment clean up exercises at neighborhoods and in towns. vii. Cushion households from the adverse effects of droughts and floods by building dams and dykes along river Tana to control floods. viii. Implement the county disaster risk reduction framework ix. The county to sensitize the community on disaster awareness, disaster prone areas; identification of disaster-prone areas and strengthen communities on disaster resilience. 5 Economic Stimulus Programme 5.1 Economic Stimulus Package In order to re-engineer and put the economy of Tana River County on upward growth trajectory, it is important to either enhance the existing programmes or create new ones which have multiplier effects to productivity and employment creation. The following are priority areas to the County will consider in designing stimulus packages: i) Improve infrastructure targeting roads, water and electricity; ii) Subsidize farm inputs which include certified seeds, fertilizers and mechanized inputs (tractors); iii) Leverage on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which is a great enabler for business continuity during and after COVID-19; iv) Invest in the Conservation of the Environment for Sustainable Development; v) provision of waivers and concessions on cess, single business permits, parking fees, water bills, market fees; vi) Prioritization of payment of pending bills vii) Provide extension services and market creation for Agriculture. viii) Create a COVID-19 revolving recovery Fund utilizing structures such as table banking, self-help groups and microfinance institutions (MFIs) to small scale traders and businesses in the informal sector. 5.2 Financing Economic Stimulus Package Resource mobilization for implementation of the economic stimulus will entail collaborations between National and County Government; support from development partners; public private partnerships and non-state actors including NGOs. 5.3 Implementation Framework for the Economic Stimulus Programme Effective implementation of the County COVID-19 Re-engineering and Recovery Strategy will depend on adequate resource mobilization over the 2020/21–2022/23 period. The implementation will thus be supported through resource mobilization from 29 relevant stakeholders in the County, including the National Government, development partners, NGOs and civil society, faith-based organizations, private sector and individuals. Annex Table 3 presents proposed action plan for the County. 6 Monitoring, Evaluating and Reporting The overall purpose of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) and reporting is to track progress of the County COVID-19 re-engineering and recovery strategies. Monitoring will be done periodically to track implementation of the work plans while evaluation will be undertaken to measure effectiveness, impact and sustainability in meeting the strategic priorities. Some of the M&E activities will include documenting actions, resources, outputs and measure the impact of expected outcomes. Monitoring will be undertaken on a continuous basis and reporting on a quarterly basis, at mid-year, annually and at the end of the plan period leading to progress reports. The monitoring framework will track the achievements, assess use and delivery of resources and accomplishment of deliverables. Evaluation and impact assessment of the plan will involve weighing the extent to which strategic objectives are met and impact created. Evaluation will therefore be based on the implementation framework and theory of change. A theory of change describes how an intervention can deliver desired results and explains the causal logic of how a programme modality or design innovation will reach its intended outcomes.10 The County COVID-19 re-engineering and recovery strategies reporting will be informed by annual work plans. All implementing departments in the County will be expected to prepare M&E frameworks for each activity (see Annex Table 3). The quarterly progress reports will include information on key indicators against set targets for the quarter. For accountability purposes, County Governments through the Monitoring and Evaluation Units (MEUs) will review their existing M&E policy to include the County COVID-19 re-engineering and recovery strategies. These strategies will also inform County performance contracting targets and human resource performance management systems. The technical capacity of the M&E unit (focal persons and/or champions), on the County Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System (CIMES) will be enhanced to monitor and evaluate the implementation of these re-engineering strategies. CIMES guidelines on County Monitoring and Evaluation Committee (COMEC) will also play a key role and responsibility on how County Governments implement these strategies. 10 https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/10.1596/978-1-4648-0779-4_ch2 30 Furthermore, the M&E reports will always inform decision making at all county levels including County assemblies to contribute to a strong and sustainable county results- oriented M&E system. At the end of each financial year, annual performance reports will be drafted highlighting key achievements, challenges, lessons learnt and recommendations on the way forward. 7 Communication Channels Communication11, a process of creating understanding between two or more parties, is considered effective when the transmitted content is received and understood in the way it was intended. For development of County COVID-19 Socio-Economic Recovery and Re-engineering Strategies, Communication for Development12 (C4D) also referred to as Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) will be utilised. Communication for Development refers to evidence-based processes that involves a mix of communication channels and approaches to facilitate dialogue, participation and engagement with the target audience for positive social and behaviour change. The communication channels13 are the routes, media and techniques to be used to carry the re-engineering and recovery messages from the policy makers to the citizens. Based on May 2020 KNBS COVID_19 Survey, majority of the County residents received information about coronavirus through radio (87.0%) and television (56.0%). Friends and family and mobile had a draw frequency rate of 32.0 per cent. The survey however did not specify whether mobile included both written (short text messages ) and voice (calls). Social media’s frequency was ranked at 26.0 per cent while newspaper, Health Care Workers, Government sources and Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) workers all rated below 10.0 per cent frequency. Subsequently, the following channels of communication shall be utilized: i) Written communication such as: posters, digital (SMS) and online communications (County website, electronic mail and social media). ii) Verbal communication such as: radio, telephone, and face to face meetings. iii) Non-verbal communication for example: sign language. iv) Visual communication that is: Television. 11https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=QVnnHUSAL7cC&printsec=frontcover&dq=creating+understanding+wh at+is+communication&hl 12https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/UNICEF_2017_Report_on_Communication_for_Development_C4 D.pdf 13 https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199657681.001.0001/acref-9780199657681-e- 1679?rskey=sE6ywS&result=2 31 The effectiveness of the different channels would vary depending on the circumstance and the characteristics of the communication. For instance, under the COVID-19 protocols, conferences, seminars and workshops (large physical gatherings) were only allowed under certain conditions. Therefore, to increase buy-in from the members of the public on the county socio-economic recovery strategies, opportunities, interventions and to encourage positive feedback, below (table 2) are the channels of communication. Table 2: Communication channels with target audience Children Youth Men Women PWDs Aged Literate & Rural Urban & 3yrs- 18yrs- 36yrs- 36yrs- 71yrs Semi- Informal 17yrs 35yrs 70yrs 70yrs + literate settlements Barazas <100 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ persons Face to face ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ <100 persons Radio ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ TV ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ SMS ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Website & ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Email Social Media ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ I.E.C-Posters, ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ branded gear Outdoor- ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Billboards, Graffiti, Drawings Telephone ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Sign language ✓ ✓ Most appropriate channel to be used. Notes: • For purposes of this report, the literacy levels will be measured by whether the target audience can listen, speak, read and write in English and Kiswahili language. • It is assumed that children under the age of 3 years have not yet fully developed their cognitive abilities to interpret communication. • Face to face meetings will include virtual meetings, association gatherings, friends, and family. The communication channels for Persons with Disabilities are radio and telephone calls for the visually impaired and sign language for those with hearing impairment. The scheduled communication or frequency of messaging are proposed as follows: ✓ Weekly updates on County website & social media. ✓ Bi-weekly broadcast messages (TV interchanged with either local or Swahili radio station). ✓ Monthly SMS and telephone calls. 32 ✓ Quarterly information, education and communication (I.E.C) materials - Posters in reception areas and community gatherings (markets, mosques, churches, clinics, huduma centers). ✓ Monthly barazas. 33 Annex Table 3: Implementation matrix/Action plan Sector Strategic Activities/Econo Expected Expecte Key Time Deta Budg Fy1 FY2 Budget Impleme Objectives mic Stimulus (2) Outcome /Key d output Perform frame ils et and nting (1) Result Area (3) ance (Qua Source Agency/ Indicato ntity of Actor/St r (4) , Funds/ akeholde unit Resourc rs/Depar cost, e tment Tota mobiliza (5) l tion cost etc) Pending Bills Eliminate Systematically and Reduced pending Amount less than Continuous - 2B 1B 1B TRCG Department of pending bills in phase-out bills to less than of 20% of Finance and approach reduce 20% of the pending the Economic pending bills owed budget of that bills budget of Planning to suppliers financial year by that the end of the two financial years year Human Provide Provide adequate Reduced cases of Number 90,000 1 years 90,0 36,00 18,000 18,000,00 TRCG Dept of health, Resource safety in personal protective COVID-19 in of face 00@ 0,000 ,000 0 County workplaces equipment for workplaces protectiv masks Kshs. Government of employees e and 100 Tana River equipme 45,000 and nt bottles of 45,0 provided hand 00@ sanitizer Kshs. 200 Improve Implement policy Improvement in Number 1,500 1 years 1,50 6,000 3,000, 3,000,000 TRCG Department of staff digital guidelines on skills remote working of staff 0@K ,000 000 Labour, skills development among trained shs. Department of the staffs on digital 2,00 ICT, County skills 0 Government of Tana River Training and capacity building of 34 staffs on use of ICT in service delivery Mainstream Train workers on Increased control No. of 1,500 1 years 1,50 6,000 3,000, 3,000,000 TRCG Department of safety and health of COVID-19 workers 0@K ,000 000 Labour, occupational transmission trained shs. Department of 2,00 Health, County safety and 0 Government of Tana River health into the sectors of the economy Provide adequate Reduced cases of Number 90,000 1 years 90,0 36,00 18,000 18,000,00 TRCG Department of personal protective COVID-19 in of face 00@ 0,000 ,000 0 Labour, equipment for workplaces protectiv masks Kshs. Department of employees e and 100 Health, County equipme 45,000 and Government of nt bottles of 45,0 Tana River provided hand 00@ sanitizer Kshs. 200 Sectors Agriculture Diversificatio Subsidies on fast- County residents Increased Number 2 yrs 40,00 20,000 20,000,00 Department of n of maturing vegetable eat more number of bags of 0,000 ,000 0 Agriculture production seeds, expansion of nutritious food of subsidize into fast- area under farmers d fast maturing sustainable producin maturing vegetable irrigation g fast- seeds; crops maturing acreage through vegetable under irrigation s/crops; fast Increased maturing availabilit crops; y Acreage of under nutritious sustainabl vegetable e s/crops in irrigation the county 35 Enhancing Attracting private Transformation of Increased Number 2yrs 500,0 250,00 250,000,0 Department of agro- partnerships in the smallholder value private of 00,00 0,000 00 Agriculture processing county; Strengthen chains in the investme county- 0 and value agricultural County nts in the private addition extension services; County; partnershi capacities of Enhance farmers Increased ps with counties training and farmers collaborat farmers; information ions with Number services; Enhance research of collaboration with institutes farmers research institutions ; trained in Enhanced agro- agricultur processin al g; extension Number and of informati farmers on with outreach access to systems agricultur in the al County extension services; Number of collaborat ions with research institutes Investments Construction of Enhanced food Increased Number 2yrs 200,0 100,00 100,000,0 Department of in storage storage and cooling security in the storage of 00,00 0,000 00 Agriculture and cooling facilities in the County and storage 0 facilities County cooling and especially at facilities; cooling collection reduced facilities centres post develope harvestin d at the g losses County level Digitization Building capacities Digitized Data Number 2yrs 200,0 100,00 100,000,0 Department of of the of farming marketing, manage of users 00,00 0,000 00 Agriculture households and advisory and ment adopting 0 agri-food sector information, systems digitized 36 agricultural labourers in modern financial and created,p agricultur sector agricultural agricultural recision al technologies; government agricultur operation Investment in digital operations at the e s infrastructure (e.g. County technolog (marketin data systems) y g, acquired, financial, security etc) at equipme the nt County acquired level Disaster Establish Enhanced food prepared Number 2yrs 100,0 50,000 50,000,00 Department of surveillance programmes for security in the ness of of 00,00 ,000 0 Agriculture at County surveillance of County househol weather 0 level and disasters such as ds and forecast mitigate risks extreme weather communi and flood associated conditions at the ties to early with County level mitigate warning disasters, equipped with and dissemina such as relevant technical respond ted to those related specialists and to communit to floods finances to shocks; ies; effectively prevent, Early Number prepare, respond warning of men and prevent risks; and Institutional women capacity trained to development; Carry access out vulnerability flood analyses and warning updates; Invest in and monitoring and weather early warning forecast/i systems; Conduct nformatio public education n; Number of men and women trained on Disaster Managem 37 ent; Number of communit y level contingen cy and climate change adaptatio n plans develope d Enhanced Partner with Access to County Enhanced 2yrs 500,0 250,00 250,000,0 Department of access to development agricultural agricultur access to 00,00 0,000 00 Agriculture agricultural partners, such as, finance will e SME agricultur 0 finance the National improve farmers fund al finance Government, Private access to support created, Sector, DFIs and services and NGOs, in availing commodities e.g. partners access to affordable access to contributi formal agricultural affordable formal on finance to small finance will towards holder farmers in enhance: - access funding the county to high end output agricultur markets; access to e SME modern known technologies and farmers modern inputs; access enhanced finance opportunities for agroprocessing and value addition; resilience to climate change etc. Manufacturi Strengthenin Attract private Increased Increased Number Continuous County Department of ng and g partnerships and projects PPP of from governme Trade and MSMEs partnerships other stakeholders undertaken by arrangem county- 2020/21 Q=1 60 M 25M 35M nt of Tana Manufacturing in the county; partners ents PPPs; 0 River increasing no. of 38 stakehold UT= ers 6 engagem ents with TC=6 the M County Enhance Build capacity and Increased Increased No. of Continuous Q=4 6 M 3 M 3 M County Department of skills skills of traders and productivity; no. of persons from 00 Governme Trade and businesses persons increased personnel trained 2020/21 trade nt of Tana Manufacturing; revenues trained rs River, KEPSA; KAM; KEPSA,KA KIRDI M,KIRD,W FP Water and To increase To procure 100No. No of Collapsible Increased % of the 2 years Q=1 25,00 12.5M 12.5M CGTR/NG/ Department of Sanitation access to Collapsible water tanks procured access to populatio 00, 0,000 Donors Water and clean and tanks clean and n with Energy safe water safe access to UC= water clean and 250, safe 000 water TC=2 50,0 00,0 00 To procure and No of PVC water Increased % of the 2 years Q=1 2,080 1.04M 1.04M CGTR/NG/ Department of distribute 160No. tanks procured access to populatio 60 ,000 Donors Water and PVC water tanks clean and n with Energy safe access to UC= water clean and 13,0 safe 00 water TC=2 ,080, 000 Construction of the No of Elevated Increased % of the 1 year Q=1 25,00 25M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of elevated steel water Steel tanks access to populatio 0,000 Donors Water and tanks, Construction constructed and clean and n with UC= Energy of a 2km pipeline at pipeline safe access to 1 distributed water clean and TC=2 5,00 39 Madogo trading safe 0,00 centre water 0 Prospection, drilling, No of boreholes Increased % of the 2 years Q=3 30,00 15M 15M CGTR/NG/ Department of test pumping and drilled and access to populatio 0,000 Donors Water and equipping of 3No. equipped clean and n with UC= Energy boreholes at Hola safe access to 10,0 Municipality water clean and 00,0 safe 00 water TC=3 0,00 0,00 0 Construction of a No of elevated Increased % of the 1 Year Q=1 30,00 30M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of 250cm elevated steel tank access to populatio 0,000 Donors Water and water tank at Minjila constructed clean and n with UC= Energy with a pipeline safe access to 30,0 extension water clean and 00,0 safe 00 water TC=3 0,00 0,00 0 Relocation and No of water Increased % of the 2years Q=1 300,0 150M 150M CGTR/NG/ Department of expansion of Hola supplies relocated access to populatio 00,00 Donors Water and water supply and constructed clean and n with UC= 0 Energy safe access to 300M water clean and TC=3 safe 00M water Construction of a No of elevated Increased % of the 1 year Q=1 30,00 30M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of 250cm elevated steel tank access to populatio 0,000 Donors Water and steel tank at clean and n with UC= Energy Tarassa safe access to 30M water clean and 40 safe TC=3 water 0M Construction of No of borehole Increased % of the 1 Year Q=1 12,00 12M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of Handampia drilled access to populatio 0,000 Donors Water and borehole clean and n with UC= Energy safe access to 12M water clean and TC=1 safe 2M water Repair Haroresa No of borehole Increased % of the 1 year Q=1 2,500 2.5M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of borehole drilled access to populatio ,000 Donors Water and clean and n with UC= Energy safe access to 2.5M water clean and TC=2 safe .5M water Equipping and No of boreholes Increased % of the 1 year Q=1 5,000 5M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of installation of solar equipped and access to populatio ,000 Donors Water and panel at Hewani installed with solar clean and n with UC= Energy Galole borehole safe access to 5M water clean and TC=5 safe M water Drilling and No of borehole Increased % of the 1 year Q=1 3,000 3M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of equipping of Oda drilled and access to populatio ,000 Donors Water and dispensary borehole equipped clean and n with UC= Energy safe access to 3M water clean and TC=3 safe M water Rehabilitation of No of boreholes Increased % of the 1 year Q=2 5,000 5M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of 2No. Idsowe rehabilitated access to populatio ,000 Donors Water and Boreholes clean and n with UC= Energy safe access to 2.5M water clean and TC=5 safe M water 41 Installation of solar No of boreholes Increased % of the 1 year Q=1 3,500 3.5M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of panels to Kone installed with solar access to populatio ,000 Donors Water and Borehole panel clean and n with UC= Energy safe access to 3.5M water clean and TC=3 safe .5M water Borehole equipping No of boreholes Increased % of the 1 year Q=1 5,000 5M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of with solar driven equipped with access to populatio ,000 Donors Water and pump sets; solar clean and n with UC= Energy construction of 3km safe access to 5M pipeline at Kipini water clean and C=5 safe M water Rehabilitation, No iof boreholes Increased % of the 1 year Q=1 7,000 7M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of install solar panels, rehabilitated access to populatio ,000 Donors Water and replace 1.5km clean and n with UC= Energy piping at Mororo safe access to 7M water clean and TC=7 safe M water Purchase and No of water Increased % of the 1 year Q=8 10,00 10M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of installation of 4No. pupms purchased access to populatio 0,000 Donors Water and water pumps (2No. clean and n with UC= .00 Energy high lift and 2No. safe access to 1M low lift pumps) water clean and TC=8 safe M water Conduction of No of water Increased % of the 1 year Q=1 3,000 3M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of energy audit for all supplies audited access to populatio ,000 Donors Water and water supplies clean and n with UC= Energy safe access to 3M water clean and TC=3 safe M water Enactment of the No of Acts Increased % of the 1 Q=1 2,000 2M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of water and sewerage enacted health populatio ,000 Donors Water and act and n with year Energy access to 42 sanitation sewerage UC= standards sanitation 2M TC=2 M Digital GIS Mapping No of rural water Improved % of the 1 Year Q=1 5,000 5M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of of all rural water supplies systems planning populatio ,000 Donors Water and supplies systems mapped and n with UC= Energy service access to 5M distributi mapped TC=5 on systems M Installation of No of meters Improved % of the 2 year Q=1 10,00 5M 5M CGTR/NG/ Department of meters to installed revenue populatio 0,000 Donors Water and unmetered collection n with UC= Energy customers for water access to 5M supplies metered TC=1 water 0M Customer No of surveys improved % of the 1 year Q=1 5,000 5M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of identification done customer populatio ,000 Donors Water and surveys satisfacti n covered UC= Energy on by the 5M reviews survey TC=5 M Rehabilitation/replac Km of pipeline Increased % of the 2 Years Q=1 150,0 75M 75M CGTR/NG/ Department of ement of old rehabilitated and access to populatio 00,00 Donors Water and pipeline within all replaced clean and n with UC= 0 Energy the urban centres safe access to 150M water clean and TC=1 safe 50M water Installation of Np of pressure Increased % of the 2 years Q=1 50,00 25M 25M CGTR/NG/ Department of pressure reducing valves and break access to populatio 0,000 Donors Water and valves and break pressure tanks clean and n with UC= Energy pressure tanks installed safe access to 50M water clean and 3MT safe C=50 water M 43 To increase Installation and No of Sanitation Increased % of the 1 Q=1 3,000 3M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of access to commissioning of a booth installed access to populatio ,000 Donors Water and improved public sanitization improved n with UC= Energy/Donors sanitation booth to all health sanitation access to 3M centers and public TC=3 dispensaries saniation M booth Installation and No of Sanitation Increased % of the 1 Q=1 750,0 750K 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of commissioning of a booth installed access to populatio 00 Donors Water and public sanitization improved n with UC= Energy/Donors booth to all sub- sanitation access to 750K county hospitals public TC=7 sanitation 50K booth Installation and No of Sanitation Increased % of the 1 Q=2 6,000 6M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of commissioning of a booth installed access to populatio 5 ,000 Donors Water and public sanitization improved n with Energy/Donors booth to all day sanitation access to UC= secondary schools public 240K (targeting 25) and sanitation TC=6 hand washing units booth M Installation and No of Sanitation Increased % of the 1 Q=1 2,500 2.5 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of commissioning of a booth installed access to populatio 0 ,000 Donors Water and public sanitization improved n with Energy/Donors booth to all sanitation access to UC= boarding secondary public 250K schools (targeting sanitation 10) TC=2 booth .5M Installation of hand No of schools Increased % of the 1 Q=1 2,500 2.5 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of washing units to installed with access to populatio 56 ,000 Donors Water and schools’ public hand washing improved n with Energy/Donors primary schools units sanitation access to UC= (targeting 156 hand 16K primary schools) washing TC=2 units .5M Installation and No of Sanitation Increased % of the 1 Q=3 10,00 10M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of commissioning of booth installed access to populatio 0,000 Donors Water and mass hand washing n with Energy/Donors units to all public access to 44 markets in Tana improved public UC= River with running sanitation sanitation 3.3M water booth TC=1 0M Procurement of No of Sanitizers Increased % of the 1 Q=1 10,00 10M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of Sanitizers and hand and handwashing access to populatio 0,000 Donors Water and washing soaps soaps improved n with UC= Energy/Donors sanitation access to 10M public TC=1 sanitation 0M booth Mass disinfections No of urban Increased % of the 1 Q=3 5,000 5M 0 CGTR/NG/ Department of to urban centres centres undergine access to populatio ,000 Donors Water and mass disinfections improved n with UC= Energy/Donors sanitation access to 1.66 public 7M sanitation TC=5 booth M Solid waste To achieve To sensitive No of environment Increased % of 1 Q=9 9,000 9M 0 CGTR Department of management increased communities on clean up exercised access to populatio ,000 Environment & solid waste importance of safe in major urban clean n with UC= Natural collection solid waste centres and environm increased 1M Resources and collection neighbourhoods ent access to TC=9 management management and safe and M disposal clean environm ent Environment To increase To plant trees and No of free trees Increased % Ha 2 Q=1 15,00 7.5M 7.5M CGTR/Do Environment & and Natural environment increase area under seedlings forest under 0,000 nors Natural Resources conservation forest distributed to local cover forest UC= Resources Conservation to clean communities cover 15M water TC=1 5M No of trees planted To increase access to improved sanitation 45 Special To enhance To procure 6No. of Reduced Enhanced % of 2 years Q=6 7,200 3.6M 3.6M CGTR/NG/ Department of program communities boats vulnerability to safety of ,000 Donors Special Program populatio and resilience to droughts and people UC= and cohesion cohesion disasters and floods during n have 1,20 natural floods 0,00access to shocks 0 boats TC=7 ,200, 000 To reduce To implement Resilient Improved % of the 2 years Q=2 40,00 20M 20M CGTR/NG/ Department of risk and community community communi communit 0 0,000 Donors special program build resilience strategies ty ies and cohesion resilience resilience resilient UC= to 2,00 droughts 0,00 0 TC=4 0,00 0,00 0 Construction of Climate proof Enhance % of the 2 years Q=2 20,00 10M 10M CGTR/NG/ Department of Dams infrastructure access of populatio 0,000 Donors Special Program developed water n access UC= and cohesion to water 10,0 pan 00,0 00 TC=2 0,00 0,00 0 46 To construct Ferro Climate proof Enhance % of the 2 years Q=6 12,00 6M 6M CGTR/NG/ Department of cement water tanks infrastructure access of populatio 0,000 Donors special program developed water n with UC= and cohesion access to 2,00 water 0,00 0 TC=1 2,00 0,00 0 To build gabions Climate proof Enhance % of the 2 Year Q=2 4,000 2M 2M CGTR/NG/ Department of along weak river infrastructure access of populatio ,000 Donors Special Program banks developed water n with UC= and cohesion living on 2,00 higher 0,00 ground 0 TC=3 0,00 0,00 0 To construct dykes Climate proof Increased % of the 2years Q=4 4,000 2M 2M CGTR/NG/ Department of infrastructure safety of populatio ,000 Donors Special Program developed people n have UC= and Cohesion during dykes 1,00 floods 0,00 0 TC=4 ,000, 000 Information Provide Provide adequate Reduced cases of No. of 100 face 1 years TRCG Health /HRM and safety in personal protective COVID-19 in protectiv masks department Communicati workplaces equipment for ICT workplaces e and 50 County on staff equipme bottles of Government of Technology nt hand Tana River (ICT) provided sanitizer for the departme nt 47 Improve Training and Improvement in No. of 50 1 years TRCG Department of staff digital capacity building of remote working staff HRM/ICT, skills staffs on use of ICT trained County in service delivery on digital Government of skills Tana River Payment of Reduce pending Reduce pending No. of Nil Continuous - - - - TRCG Department of pending bills bills owed to service bills to less than pending pending Finance and providers & 1% of the budget bills bills Economic suppliers cleared Planning Tourism Enhance Tourism sector Growth in revenue Increased Number 3 – 5 years Q=5 4 M 2 M 2M County Tana River socio- development generation from visitor of local 00 and County economic master-plan; tourism numbers and visito National Department of benefits from to the foreign rs Governme Tourism; the tourism Rehabilitate county; visitors; nts; sector infrastructure increased revenue developm leading to tourism awarenes collected ent attraction sites s of the by county partners; diversifie governme Kenya d tourism nt from Tourism product tourism. Fund offering Niche tourism Diversified tourism Increased Number 3 – 5 years Q=1 25M 10M 15M County Tana River product developed, experiences / number of niche 0 and County marketing product. of tourism National Department of incorporating tourists products Governme Tourism; aspects of Covid-19. visiting develope nts; the d; developmSanitation County; Number standards in Q=8 ent increased of cultural 10M 5M 5M partners; tourism upheld awarenes sites Kenya s and preserved Tourism practice ; Fund of Q=5 sanitation Number 15M 7M 8M in tourist of high- products altitude training camps develope d, 48 Health Improve -Employment of Efficient and To Number 2 Q 100M 1 1 County Ministry of access to mixed cadre staffs - effective health improve of mixed =100 Governme Health, quality and -Capacity building services efficiency cadre staffs nt of Tana affordable (hospital based and and employed River Dept of Health, health community based) effectiven County services ess in -Number -Partners Government of -Deployment service of staffs Tana River delivery capacity -Procurement and built distribution of PPE -Number of staffs deployed Lobby additional Health -To Number 2 Q 100 1 1 County Ministry of funding to the infrastructure enhance of health =70 Governme Health, health sector development infrastruc facilities nt of Tana ture renovated River Department of developm and Health, County equipped ent -Partners Government of as per Tana River norms Enhance Public Efficient and -To Number 2 Q= 50M 1 1 Partners MOH, Private partnership effective enhance of private service delivery effective public Dept of health, and partnershi County efficient p Government of service Tana River delivery -Increase the To Number 2 Q= 70M 1 1 -County MOH, medical supplies Increased % of increase health Governme cycles medical supplies budgetar centers nt of Tana Dept of health, Increase budgetary cycles and y stocked River county allocation of EHPT( budgetary allocation with Government of Essential Health allocation of EHPT -To essential -Partners Tana River products and increase medical Technologies medical products supplies cycles Improve health - Reduced the To Number 2 Q = 300M 1 1 -NHIF Ministry of insurance assistance cost of medication Reduce of people Health, system the cost benefittin -County of g from Governme Department of Health, County 49 -Reduced cash medicatio the nt of Tana Government of payers n insurance River Tana River -To Reduce cash payers To improve -Establishment of Enhanced waste To Number 2 Q = 250M 1 1 -County Ministry of sanitation in new and modern management Enhance of health All Governme Health, the County incinerators system waste facilities facilit nt of Tana manage with ies River Department of ment incinerato Health, County system rs Government of Tana River Minimize Health promotion Reduced Morbidity To Number 2 years Q = 100M 1 1 -County Dept of Health, exposure to including health and mortality rate Reduce of Governme health risk information morbidity patients nt of Tana Department of factor Micro-nutrient and treated 2 River Water, County deficiency control mortality years Government of Infection prevention rate Tana River; and control Private sector Transport To enhance Construct NMT Increased modal Increase Knowledg 12 months 15,00 10,000 5,000,000 CGTR Department of sustainable infrastructure across split in favor of in e 0,000 ,000 Roads, mobility key roads in the NMT knowledg managem Transport, options for County e ent of Public Works, household manage NMT Housing & ment of infrastruc Urbanization NMT ture in (RTPWHU) infrastruc good and ture fair condition To enhance Improve public Compliance to the Reduced No. of 4 months 1,500 1,500, 0 CGTR Department of health, transport vehicle COVID-19 safety exposure reported ,000 000 Roads, safety and design to address guidelines and positive Transport, hygiene in social distancing infection cases due Public Works, public and hygiene rates to PSV Housing & transport attributed used Urbanization vehicles PSV use (based on (RTPWHU) contact tracing Department of data) Health 50 To improve Improve quality of Improved Increased Proportio 24 months 5km 225,0 100,00 125,000,0 CGTR Department of the road the unpaved road accessibility and proportio n of 00,00 0,000 00 Roads, conditions of infrastructure using reduced vehicle n of unpaved 0 Transport, the road labour-based operation costs roads in road Public Works, network techniques good and network Housing & fair in good Urbanization condition and fair (RTPWHU) condition Improve quality of Improved Increased Knowledg 24 months 150k 300,0 170,00 130,000,0 CGTR Department of road network using accessibility and proportio e m 00,00 0,000 00 Roads, appropriate reduced vehicle n of managem 0 Transport, technology -Low operation costs roads in ent of Public Works, Volume Sealed good and roads Housing & Roads (LVSR) for fair develope Urbanization rural roads condition d using (RTPWHU) LVSR To mitigate Implement green Resilient road Number Knowledg 12 months Com 40,00 20,000 20,000,00 CGTR Department of the damage roads design to infrastructure that of green e pletio 0,000 ,000 0passwor Roads, caused by protect road can withstand roads managem n of d Transport, floods on infrastructure while floods with projects ent of stor Public Works, roads and controlling storm controlled damage and green m Housing & bridges water and water roads and wate Urbanization harvesting flood harvestin quantity r (RTPWHU) water for domestic g of water drain and commercial use infrastruc harvested age ture in cubic (…k meters m) annually Information To enhance Collaborate with Increased use of Increase Proportio 1 year Advo 1,000 1,000, 0 CGTR Directorate of and ICT capacity private sector to ICT for domestic in n of cacy ,000 000 ICT Communicati and use enhance household and commercial number househol and on acquisition of purposes of ds sensi Technology acquired ICT assets househol owning tizati (ICT) and technologies, ds ICT on e.g. smart phones owning assets and laptops ICT assets and technolog ies 51 Programme to Increased use of Increase Proportio 1 year Lobb 500,0 500,00 0 CGTR Directorate of ensure ubiquitous ICT for domestic in n of ying 00 0 ICT access to reliable and commercial number househol for and affordable purposes of ds incre internet (internet househol connecte ase everywhere) ds d to in connecte reliable infras d to and truct reliable affordable ural and internet inves affordabl tmen e internet t (mas ts) by telec omm unica tion comp anies Community access Improved access Increase Proportio 1 year 500,0 500,00 0 CGTR Directorate of to ICT infrastructure to ICT in n of 00 0 ICT and services in infrastructure and number househol public primary services of d able to schools househol access d able to ICT access through ICT communit through y facilities communi ty facilities Enhance Formulate and Enhanced Reduced No. of 1 year Purc 1,200 500,00 700,000 CGTR Directorate of cyber implement cyber detection, cyber cyber hase ,000 0 ICT security security policies and mitigation and security security of procedures and reporting of cyber incidents incidents corpo pursue ISO security incidents rate certification on softw Information are Systems Security secur ity 52 licenc es Urban To improve Fastrack Enhanced quality Increased No. of 24 months 200,0 100,00 100,000,0 CGTR Department of Development the quality of implementation of in informal proportio housing 00,00 0,000 00 Roads, and Housing life of the affordable settlements due to n of units 0 Transport, residents housing programme improved housing househol provided Public Works, through with a focus on conditions ds Housing & provision of improving living provided Urbanization affordable conditions in with (RTPWHU) and decent informal settlements affordabl housing e and decent housing . Map flood risk Reduced flood risk Increased No. of 24 months 600,0 300,00 300,000,0 CGTR Department of settlements and and disaster number househol 00,00 0,000 00 Roads, implement flood incidents in of ds 0 Transport, disaster mitigation human househol relocated Public Works, plans including settlements ds from Housing & relocation and re- relocated flood risk Urbanization settlement of from areas (RTPWHU) households flood risk areas To increase Enhanced Increased number Proportio No. of 24 months 50,00 20,000 30,000,00 CGTR Department of access to household use of of households n of househol 0,000 ,000 0 Roads, clean energy clean energy and with access to househol ds with Transport, sources and technology for clean energy and ds with access to Public Works, technologies cooking: distribution technology for access to renewabl Housing & for cooking of clean cookstoves cooking clean e energy Urbanization by and clean energy energy sources (RTPWHU) households alternatives to and charcoal, kerosene technolog and firewood y for cooking Public Installation Street lights Increased Number 55 10 75 15 100 20 CGTR/NG/ Department of Works,H of street installed trading hours in of street Donors Public works, ousing & lights urban centres lights Housing & Urbaniza powered Urbanization tion by either national 53 grid or solar Cleaning of Tonnes of garbage Improved Tonnes 200 15 200 20 CGTR/NG/ Department of urban centrs removed sanitation in of Donors Public works, urban centres garbage Housing & removed Urbanization Litres of liquid 5 500 5 CGTR/NG/ Department of waste disposed Donors Public works, Housing & Urbanization Kilometres of drains 5 10 5 CGTR/NG/ Department of cleaned Donors Public works, Housing & Urbanization Integrated Well planned urban Improved Number 1 50 2 60 CGTR/NG/ Department of Urban centres management of of urban Donors Public works, Development urban centres. centres Housing & Planning with Urbanization integrate d plan. Response to Improved response Improved Number 1 10 2 20 CGTR/NG/ Department of disaster risk to disaster risk management of of Fire Donors Public works, disaster risk in stations Housing & urban centres construct Urbanization ed Number 1 20 2 30 3 CGTR/NG/ Department of of Fire Donors Public works, engines Housing & purchase Urbanization d Number 12 5 20 8 25 CGTR/NG/ Department of of Donors Public works, personnel 54 recruited Housing & and Urbanization trained on firefightin g Housing Improved housing Improved Number 5 20 15 45 20 9 CGTR/NG/ Department of housing facility of houses Donors Public works, for staff and construct Housing & residents ed Urbanization Number 3 9 6 6 9 9 CGTR/NG/ Department of of houses Donors Public works, rehabilita Housing & ted Urbanization 55