REPUBLIC OF KENYA . - P. 0. Box 5:i.J45 . - NAJRon, '/ EL; 7199_;3;4 \ NYANDARUA DISTRICT-DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1997-2001 OFFICE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT AND MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PllNTBD BY THB GOVERNMENT PRINI'D.. NAIROII j FOREWORD This District Development Plan was prepared by the District Departmental Heads of various ministries under the co-ordination of the District Commissioner assisted by the members of the District Planning Unit. The plan drafts were discussed by members of the District Executive Committee and approved by the District Development Committee. Rural Planning Department of the Office of the Vice President and Ministry of Planning and National Development, provided overall guidance through seminars, formulation of the guidelines and was also responsible for editing and publication of the plan . The plan is divided into three chapters, each of which addresses the theme of the plan "Rapid Industrialization for Sustainable Development". Chapter One: Provides background information on the districts natural and human resource base, the level of exploitation of these resources,the welfare indicator~, as well as socio- economic infrastructure of the district. Chapter Two: Outlines the major constraints to industrialization and the strategies that the district will pursue to achieve rapid industrialization. Chapter Three: Lists in order of priority for each sector, the major projects and programmes which the DOC wishes to implement during the 1997-2001 plan period. Selection and prioritization of projects and programmes was done by the DOC. The drafting of the plan was guided by the Sessional Paper No. 1 of 1994 and other relevant national and sectoral policy documents. Rural Planning Department Office of the Vice President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. (iii) TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ... I •••••••••••••• · • •••••••••••••••••••••••••• iii CHAPTER ONE ...................................... 1 DISTRICT SETTING FOR INDUSTRIALISATION ....•.••••••...•••.•. 1 GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION ..........•..••.••.•••....•••.• 4 Position and Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Topography and Climate ........•....•...••••••••....•.• 5 Administrative and Political Units . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • • . • • . • . . . • • 6 POPULATION PROFILES . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . • • •. • • . . . 8 Population Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Population Structure . . . . . . . . • . • • . . • • . . . • . • . . • . • • . . . • . . 1 0 Distribution and Density ...•.•.............•.•....•• ~ . • 1 2 Urban Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 14 RESOURCE POTENTIAL AND EXPLOITATION FOR INDUSTRJALISATION .• 15 RESOURCE POTENTIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • • . • . • • • • . • . . • • . • 1 5 Land and Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . • . . . • • . • • . . . 1 5 Water ............................................ 18 Forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Commercial Minerals and Materials . . . . .. • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 Tourist Attractions .•.••.........••..•••.•..•...•••••• 19 RESOURCE EXPLOITATION • . . • . • . • . . . • . . • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • . . . 1 9 Agricultural Activities .••.•....•••. ~ . • . . • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • 1 9 Livestock Production Activities • . . • . • . • • • • . . • . • . . • • • . • . • . 24 Other Natural Resource Exploitation • . . • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • 27 Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 Forestry and Agro-Forestry • • • . . • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • . . 27 Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Industrial Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Commerce, Trade and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Formal Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Informal Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION • . . • • . • 30 Communication Network . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Water Fa Cilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 3 5 Energy Supply . . . . . . . . . . . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 Education Facilities ...... ·. . , . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Health Facilities ~ .......... ' ..... ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 WELFARE INDICATORS ................... ·. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . • 43 (v) Employment Levels . . . . . . . . • . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Agriculture/Livestock Production .................... . 44 Wage Earnings .............•................... 45 The Informal Sector . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Distribution of Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Infant Mortality Rates (IMR) ............................ . 46 Disease Incidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Nutrition ......................................... . 47 Food Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 8 Social Dimensions of Development ....................... . 48 SUPPORTING DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS 49 DDCand its Sub-Committees ........................... . 50 Local Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Voluntary Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Harambee Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Regional Authorities and Other Major Parastatals ............. . 54 Banks and non-Bank Financial Institutions .................. . 55 Co-operative Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 56 CHAPTER TWO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7 CONSTRAINTS AND STRATEGIES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION . . . . . . . . . . 5 7 : INTRODUCTION . • • • . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 MAJOR CONSTRAINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Inadequate Infrastructural Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Underdeveloped Human Resources . ~ • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Inadequate and Poorly Development Local Raw Materials for Industrialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Poor Marketing System . . . . • . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Inaccessibility to Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES . • • • • . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Improvement of the Infrastructural Facilities . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . 61 Development of Human Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Development of Local Raw Materials for Industrial Use . . . . . . . . . . 63 Improvement of Marketing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Improvement of Accessibility to Credit . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 CHAPTER THREE • . . • . • • • . . . • • • • • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 65 SECTORAL POLICIES AND DISTRICT SPECIFIC PROJECTS PROJECTIONS AND PROGRAMMES . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 INTRODUCTION . . . • . . . . . . . . . 0 67 0 AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT AND MARKE·T·ING · : : : : 67 (vi) LANDS ANNO SETTLEMENT . • • . . • • . . . . . • . • • . • . . • • . • . . . . 88 LAND RECLAMATION, REGIONAL AND WATER DEVELOPMENT •.. 92 ENERGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 PUBLIC WORKS AND HOUSING . . • . . . . . • . . • . • • . • • • • . • . • • 102 TOURISM AND WILDLIFE • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . • • . • • . . . • • 108 CO-OPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT . • . . . . . . • . • . . • • • . . • • . • • . • 114 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY . . • . . • . . • . . . • • . . . • • . . • . . . . . 119 RESEARCH, TECHNICAL TRAINING AND TECHNOLOGY • • • • . • . • 123 EDUCATION . . . . . . • • . . . . . • . . . • . . • . • . • . . . . . . . • • • . • • . 128 HEALTH ......................................... 131 LABOUR AND MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT . . . . • . . • • • . . . . . • 135 CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . • • • . . . 139 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • • • . • 146 VICE PRESIDENT, PLANNING AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ... 151 LOCAL GOVERNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . • . . • 154 INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING . . . • . . • • • • . • . . . . . . . • 160 HOME AFFAIRS AND NATIONAL HERITAGE • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . • 162 (vii) CHAPTER ONE DISTRICT SETTING FOR INDUSTRIALISATION Map No . 1 ,-------.-.CT"'"--L.O,-C,rAnT,I-O--N- -O--F- -T-H--E- -D--I-S--T--R.-I-C---T-------,o· - -------.. ETHIOPIA MAKO£RA TUUANA MAR SA BIT / WAJIR ~ ...... --.J ~ o• ' ~ \ a GA RI SSA l/) \ ) {_ 'I. _,,,. .,.,,-I . f LAMU I .li..L1. ____ Jnternat,onal b oundary ___ _D ,stric t boundary Scale :- 1 : 5 000 000 0 ~ ---_10J_0 -- - - 2~00 km H•E 40• 3 Prepared by DRSRS GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION The location, topography and climate of an area have an important bearing on its development. This section therefore presents a brief description of these geographical aspects in Nyandarua as well as their effects on development in general and industrialization in particular. Position and Size Nyandarua is one of the six districts of Central Province. It lies betw,1en latitudes 0° 08" North and 0° 50"South and between longitudes 35° 13" East and 36° 42" East. • The neighbouring districts are Laikipia District to the North, Nyeri and Murang'a Districts to the East, Kiambu District to the South and Nakuru District to the West. Nyandarua is the largest district in Central Province, with a total land area of 3,528 square kilometres. This constitutes 0 .6% of the whole republic and 26.7% of Central Province. It stretches for approximately 110km from North to South and 35km from East to West. Administratively, the district is divided into five divisions namely Ndaragwa, QI· Joro Orok, OI Kalou, Kipipiri and Kinangop. Map 2 shows the administrative boundaries of the district. Table 1.1 District Area by Division Division Ndaragwa 871 01 Joro Orok 340 01 Kalou 672 Kipipiri 713 Kinangop 932 Total 3,528 Source: District Survey Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 4 Topography and Climate The altitude of Nyandarua District varies between approximately 3,999 metres above sea level on the Aberdare Hills to t_he south east of the district, and 1,828 metres towards the floor of the Great Rift Valley. Nyandarua occupies an area of the Aberdare Range where land drops in a series of fault escarpments westwards to the floor of the Rift Valley around Naivasha. Most of the district is composed of Kinangop Plateau and 01 Kalou Salient. Both of these are situated in the rain shadow of the Aberdare Ranges. This makes the rains decrease rapidly from the west, with the annual average diminishing from more than 1,400mm at the foot of the range to 700mm in the valley of Malewa River. - - - The major drainage pattern consists of the Malewa River, whic_h flows from the Aberdare Ranges into Lake Naivasha in the south and has a number of swift- running streams that form its tributaries. River Ewaso Narok drains from the Bahati Escarpment through 01 Joro Orok to Nyahururu Falls in Laikipia in the north. River Pesi also flows from the Aberdare Ranges through Ndaragwa towards Laikipia in the north. Lake 01 Bolossat is the only large natural water mass in the district and covers an area of 4 square kilometres. The · district's annual rainfall varies between 750mm and 1,500mm which falls between March and May (long rains) and again between August and November (short rains). Although annual rainfall in the district is above the national average, amount varies from one place to the other and from one part of the year to the next. The rains are not well distributed throughout the year to create long pronounced agro-humid periods. Only the western parts of the plateau furthest from the Aberdare Ranges has some months free of frost which enables some crops to do well as compared to the eastern part. ' ' The district has a climatic problem of either too low or too high temperatures which are influenced by altitude. For example around Bahati Escarpment and Aberdare Range, the temperatures are very low especially at night. The Kinangop Plateau and 01 Kalou Salient have high frosts nearly every month which makes cultivation of various crops such as maize and potatoes to be difficult. On the western part of the plateau further away from the Aberdare Ranges are outlets of cold air which makes some months frost free. The highest recorded average annual temperature in the district over the last five years is 21 . 5 °C in December and the lowest is 7. 1 °C in July. January/ March are usually the hottest months while July/August have the lowest mean monthly temperatures. 5 Administrative and Political Units The administrative set up in Nyandarua District changed slightly during the 1 994 - 96 plan period. The district now has 26 locations and 70 sub-locations from 22 and 63 respectively. There are still five divisions as shown in Table 1.2. Map 2 also shows the administrative houndaries of the district. Table 1.2 Administrative Units by Division Division No. of Locations No. of Sub-locations Ndaragwa 6 16 01 Joro Orok 4 12 01 Kalou 5 13 Kipipiri 5 13 Kinangop 6 16 Total 26 70 Source: District Commissioner's Office, OIKalou, 1996 The district has four constituencies, namely Ndaragwa Constituency which covers Ndaragwa Division, Kipipiri Constituency which covers Kipipiri Division , Kinangop Constituency covers Kinangop Division, and the newly formed 01 Ka lou Constituency which covers Olkalou and 01 Joro Orok Divisions. There are two operating Local Authorities, namely the Nyandarua County Council , and 01 Kalou Town Council covering 18 and 7 electoral wards respectively as shown in Table 1.3. " Map No. 2 NYANDARUA DISTRICT ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES ,. LEGEND • Urban Centres 0 Rural Centres -·· _ Division _Boundary 20Km Prepared by DRSRS 7 Table 1.3 Local Authorities Name No. of Wards 01 Kalou Town Council 7 18 Nyandarua County Council Total 25 Source: Ministry of Local Government, 01 Kalou, 1996 OI Kalou Town is within 01 Kalou Division and occupies a central position in the district, which makes it ideal as the district headquarters. The town was elevated to Town Council status in 1987. It covers an area of 371 sq. kilometres. Nyandarua county council covers the rest of the district. ,- POPULATION PROFILES The size and composition of the population are important variables in the development process of an economy. This section presents the size, structure, distribution and density of the population of Nyandarua District by division. Population Size In 1989, the district had a population of 330,515 excluding that of Nyahururu Municipality which is officially in Laikipia District. This population includes 330 people whose age was not stated during the census. In 1979 the district had a population of 222,025. This represented a 48. 7% population increase between 1979 and 1989. During the 1980s through 1990s the district has experienced a significant population increase due to various factors, the major ones being a decline in infant mortality rates and migration into the district in search of land since the district is largely a settlement area. Table 1.4 shows the district population projections up to the year 2001. l Table 1.4 District Pogulation Projections Age Cohorts 1989 1997 1999 2001 0-4 58,751 80,392 86,949 90,425 5-9 57,538 78,732 85, 153 88,557 10-14 50,313 68,845 74,460 77,437 15-19 39,112 53,519 57,883 60,200 20-24 15,577 41,430 44,809 46,600 25-29 22,903 31,339 33,896 35,-250 30-34 13,717 18,769 20,299 21,111 35-39 10,994 15,043 16,269 16,920 40-44 9,775 13,375 14,465 15,044 45-49 9,197 12,585 13,611 14,156 50-54 7,174 9,817 10,617 11,042 55-59 5,068 6,935 7,501 7,801 60-64 4,452 6,093 6,889 6,852 65-69 3,416 4,674 5,055 5,258 70-74 2,432 3,328 3,600 3,743 1 75-79 2,032 2,779 3,006 3,126 80+ 3,034 4,151 4,490 4,670 Age not stated 330 452 487 507 Total 330,515 452,258 489,439 508,699 Source: District Statistical Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 ( 1989 population census adjusted to exclude Nyahururu Municipality). The population of the district is estimated to grow at an annual growth rate of 3.92% to 452,258 in 1997and to 489,439 and 508,699 in 1999 and 2001 respectively. This will demand a correspondingly higher economic growth rate in order to sustain the increased population. In 1989, the population above 59 years was 15,366 representing 4.65rc, of the total population. This number is projected to rise to 23,649 by the year 2001. Comparing the population of this age group and the children under 1 5 years to the total population, it is evident that the percentage of dependants in the district is 55%. This reflects a dependency ratio of 1 :1.2. 9 ~opulation Structure Table 1 .5 presents the age/sex structure of the district population in 1 989 census and projections to the year 2001 . Table 1.5 Age/Sex Projections Age Cohorts 1989 1997 1999 2001 F M F M F M F M 0-4 28,957 29,794 39,633 40,769 42,855 44,094 44,568 45,857 5-9 28,4!>6 29,082 38,937 39,795 42, 113 43,040 43,796 44,761 10-14 24,772 25,541 33,896 34,949 36,661 37,799 38,126 39,311 15-19 19,083 20,029 26,113 27,406 28,242 29,641 29,374 30,826 20-24 16,380 13,897 22,414 19,016 24,242 20,567 25,211 21 ,389 25-25 12,346 10,557 16,894 14,445 18,272 15,624 19,002 16,248 30-34 7 ,012 6,705 9,595 9,174 10,377 9 ,922 10,792 10,319 35-39 5,862 5,132 8,021 7,022 8,675 7,594 9 ,022 7,898 40-44 5,441 4,334 7,445 5,930 8,052 6,413 8,374 6,670 45-49 5,467 3,730 7,481 5,104 8,091 5,520 8,415 5,741 50-54 3,650 3,524 4,995 4,822 5,402 5,215 5,618 5,424 55-59 2,484 2,584 3,399 3,536 3,676 3,825 3 ,823 3,978 60-64 2,275 2,177 3,114 2,979 3,368 3";222 3,502 3,350 65-fQ 1,714 1,702 2,345 2,329 2,536 2,519 2,638 2,620 70-74 1,223 1,209 1,673 1,655 1,810 1,790 1,882 1,861 75-79 985 1,047 1,347 1,432 1,457 1,549 1,515 1,611 80+ 1,656 1,878 2,266 1,885 2,451 2 ,039 2,549 2,1 21 Age not 180 150 231 221 254 233 318 189 stated Total 167,943 162,572 229,789 222,469 248,534 240,608 258,523 250, 174 Source: District Statistical Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 (1989 Population census adjusted to exclude Nyahururu Municipality). It is observed that belr;v, 19 years, the boys outnumber the girls. However, this situation chenges frr;m 20 years and above where the female population dominates, except for the age between 55 and 69. The underlying assumption is that between age 20-54 most males, especially those who leave school, tend to move out of the district in search of gainful employment in other parts of the country. Between ages 55 and 69 years, the population of ma.les is higher suggesting that this is when men working outside the district finally return to settle in their rural homes on retirement. Table 1.6 presents population projections on selected age groups. The selected age groups are crucial in that they indicate the population which is at school and the labour force. The presentation will be important in justifying provision of infrastructural facilities in the district as well as the need for job creation to absorb the labour force. Table 1.6 Population Projection on Selected Age Group Age group 1989 1997 1999 2001 F M F M F M F M 6-13 Primary 42,274 43,202 57,845 59,115 62,562 63,936 65,063 66,492 14-17 16,703 17,515 22,855 23,967 24,719 25,921 25,707 26,958 Secondary 15-49 Female 71,591 97,962 105,951 110,187 15-59 Labour 77,726 70,491 106,356 96,456 115,029 104,322 119,628 108,493 Force Source: District Statistical Office, Olkaloq, ( 1989 population census adjusted to exclude- Nyahururu MunicipaliW) Age 6 - 13 Years: Represents the primary school age children. In 1989, the district had 85,476 children eligible for primary school enrolment. This number is estimated to increase to 131,555 by -the year 2001. This rapid increase calls for the improvement and increase of primary education facilities. Age Groups 14-17 Years: This reflects the secondary school age children. As at 1989,, there were 34,218 children in this group. Their population is expected to increase to .52,665 by the year 2001. This increase ·\,viii require increased secondary education facilities, expansion of the existing technical training institutions and establishment of industrial based facilities. Sites for establishment of Ju·a Kali industries for trainees from the technical training centres have already been se, aside at every trading centre in the district. 11 Female Population (Ag~ 15 - 49): The population in this age cohort was 71,591 in 1989. The number is expected to rise to 110,187 by 2001. This means that with increasingly declining infant mortality rates, the high increase of the females in this age group will contribute to increased population in the district. This in e·ssence calls for increase in maternal an·d child health care services as well as measures for reducing the fetility rate. Labour Force (Age 15 - 59): The district's potential labour force was 148,217 in 1989. This is projected to rise to 228,121 by the year 2001. This indicates that the percentage of the district's potential labour force to total population is approximately 45%. However, the sex ratio of the district labou~_f orce as depicteq _ in Table 1.6 is approximately 97 males for every 100 females. For a district whose major development activity is agriculture, the high population of females _provide the required labour at farm level while the males may be out of the district in search of off-farm .employment. The labour force in the district is more or less a mixture of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled. However, the bulk is unskilled. The population growth of the labour force calls for the district to reallocate its vast agricultural and livestock resources to boost industrialization which will eventually create the necessary jobs. Distribution and Density Table 1. 7 presents the distribution of the population in Nyandarua District across the five administrative divisions. Table 1 .7 Population Projections by Division Division 1989 1997 1999 2001 Ndaragwa 65,730 89,941 97,276 101,165 01 Joro Orok 42,446 58,081 62,115 65,331 01 Kalou 66,449 90,925 98,340 102,272 ~ Kipipiri 59,959 82,045 I 88,736 92,283 Kinangop 95,931 131,267 141,972 147,648 Total 330,515 452,258 489,439 508,699 Source: District Statistical Office, 01 Kalou, 1 996 C.B.S. 1989 Population Census 12 Of the five divisions, Kinangop has the highest population compared to the others. In 1989, the division had 95,931 people and the number is projected to increase to 147,648 by the year 2001. The population in this division is approximately 29% of the total district population. Kinangop is followed by 01 Kalou, Ndaragwa, Kipipiri and 01 Joro Orok in that order in terms of population distribution. The high population in Kinangop and OI Kalou is attributed mainly to the existance of many settlement scnemes. These divisions also happen to be endowed with rich farming lands which have, over time, attracted farmers from other areas within and outside the district . 01 Joro Orok Division has the lowest population, but this is due to its small size. Table 1.8 shows the density of the population in each division. Table 1.8 Pogulation Density by Division Division Area (km2) 1989 1997 1999 2001 Ndaragwa 871 76 103 112 116 01 Joro Orok 340 125 171 185 192 01 Kalou 672 99 135 146 152 Kipipiri ·713 84 115 125 129 Kinangop 932 103 141 152 158 Total 3,528 94 128 139 144 Source: District Statistical Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 CBS 1989 Population Census. Although 01 Joro Orok Division carries the lowest population in the district, which is approximately 13% of the total, the division has the highest density due to its small size and high settlement. This high population density is also due to the fact that 01 Joro Orok has more fertile land as compared to Kinangop, 01 Kalou and Kipipiri Divisions which, although fairly fertile, have pockets of poor soils. Ndaragwa Division has the lowest population density mainly because the division has a big semi-arid land area which is sparsely populated. 13 Urban Population In addition to OI Kalou Town Council, there are 34 designated small towns and tr~ding centres and about 23 small non-designated local market centres. Most of these centres are located within productive areas where agriculture, dairy farming and co-operative activities are widely practised. Most of the towns and trading centres are situated in areas with potential for development of industrial activities related to woodcraft, fruit juice processing, vegetable canning, milk processing and cereal milling. Table 1.9 presents the projected population of the major urban and market centres in.the district from. · 1989 to 2001. Table 1.9 Population Projections for Urban and Major Market Centres Name of Actual Projected Population Centre Population 1989 1997 1999 2001 01 Kalou 2,546 3,484 3,768 4,075 Mairo-lnya 1,473 2,016 1,180 2,358 Njabini 1,265 1,731 1,872 2,025 Ndunyu Njeru 1, 141 1,561 1,687 1,826 Miharati 1,058 1,448 1,566 1,693 Wanjohi 825 1,129 1,221 1,321 Murungaru 743 1,017 1,100 1,189 01 Joro Orok 646 884 956 • 1,034 Engineer 446 610 660 714 Source: District Statistics Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 The urban and major market centres are generally sparsely populated. However, the centres have high potential for further population growth in view of their status as central points of economic activities within the rural areas. The available and planned development of essential infrastructure in these centres and their catchment is anticipated to generate the desired industrialization pace. The Rural Electrification Programme has already cove·red 60% of these centres. The main set 14 back is inaccessibility to the centres as a result of poor roads and insufficient t~ecommunication facilities. The population of Ol'Kalou Town is expected to be even higher than reflected in the table as a result of the town having been elevated into a district headquarters in 1995. RESOURCE POTENTIAL AND EXPLOITATION FOR INDUSTRIALISATION The industrialisation process depends on the availability and the level of exploitation of the resources. This section describes the resources that have the potential for setting up of industries and the extent of their exploitation. RESOURCE POTENTIAL The most important resources that have potential for setting up of industries in Nyandarua District include the land, forests, water resources, commercial minerals and tourist attractions Land and Soils The two main types of soils in the district are loams and clays. The loams cover three fifths of the district and are mostly found on the slopes of the Aberdare Mountains and the Bahati Escarpments. The clays, which are dark and poorly drained cover about two fifths of the district occupying the Central Belt, except for a small area in Kinangop Division which is covered by lava and ashes. The dominant soils on the Aberdare and Bahati plateaus and other elevated plains , especially in the Kinangop area vary from well to poorly drained, deep to moderately deep and are dark-greyish-brown . These soils are of moderate to high fertil ity and are not conducive to crop cultivation . On slightly lower alt itudes, soils are wet and of high fertil ity suitable for agricultural and livestock production . There is high potential for establishment of agro-based industries . The land potential can be classified into three zones depending on general fert ility and use. These zones are the high potential, medium potential and low potential. High Potential Zone: These areas receive over 1000mm of annual ra infa ll and are found around Geta, Leshau, Milangine and Ngorika areas . Intensive farming of food crops such as potatoes, maize and vegetables as well as dairy farming is pract ised in this zone . Pyrethrum is the major cash crop. Medium Potential Zone: This covers areas receiving between 600-1000mm annual rainfall. It is found around Dundori and the Central Belt. The area is characterized by a long cropping season with good y ield potential. Sheep and dairy farming is practised in this zone. Pyrethrum is also grown as a cash crop. 15 Low Potential Zone: This covers about 18% (64,800ha.) and mainly comprises of rocky and swampy areas, roads, schools and commercial centres. Others: These include land covered by forest reserves, National Parks, alienated and unalienated lands which total about 1090 square kilometres. The land use pattern by categories for Nyandarua District are summarized in Table 1.10. Table 1.10 Land Use Pattern Categories Land Use Area under Forests 347 Area under natural lakes (lake Olbolossat) 33 Area under cultivation 1,587 Area under natural pasture 276 Area under rocks, swamps, roads, commercial 320 centres and schools Other areas 817 Total District Area 3,528 Source: District ·Agriculture Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 The district's potential varies in accordance with ecological zones. The upper Highland zones are suitable for growing of wheat, barley and pyrethrum and for rearing sheep. The lower highland zones covering 980 square kilometres are suitable for growing maize, beans, peas, tropical fruits, horticultural crops and for raising livestock. There have already been too many sub-divisions of land in most high potential areas which cover a total of_ 55,500 hectares. The district requires to develop ways and means of intensive crop production through modern farming techniques and to encourage the use of fertilizers and weed killer chemicals. There is evidently a high potential for development of small-scale industrial activities for the processing or semi-processing of agricultural produce such as fruits, cerals and livestock products like milk, meat, hides and skins. 16 Ma No. 3 NYANDARUA DISTRICT AGRO ECOLOGICAL ZONES .. • I ~ - kl \ :r 3 -' Q: . ( q (!) PYRE THRUM ZONE ~ 0 5 10 15 20 25Km Prepcred by DRSRS 17 Water r The main surface water sour"ces in the district are rivers, streams, one lake· and dams. The district has a number of rivers and streams, but these sources of surface water are not fully exploited. These sources are quite far from the settled areas and large amounts of f!-.mds would be required to harness them. As a result, these sources are only largely accessible to those people who have settled near them. The other surface water source is Lake 01 Bolossat. This lake is the only one and is threatened by human encroachment through farming, resulting to destruction of vegetation cover. There are proposals to gazette the lake as a National Reserve . to protect it from such destruction. The district has got several dams although most of them are quite old and mostly in poor conditions due to human encroachment and poor maintenance. Apart from surface water sources, ttiere exists good ground water potential. Numerous boreholes have been dug most of which are located within the central belt where the water level lies at an average depth of between 70 and 150 metres. Most of these boreholes were sunk by colonial settlers and are either partly working or dormant due to their prohibitive high operational costs. The district has a potential for _irrigation as evidenced by the already existing small holder irrigation activities mainly alona the rivers. However, due to the absence of large rivers a·nd the high investment cost of irrigation, large scale commercial irrigation is not viable. Forestry There is a· total gazetted forest area of 34,706.8 hectares which is 9.8% of the total district area : Of this, 29,915.3 ha. is natural (i.e. indigenous) forests exclusively set aside as water catchment areas where exploitation is not allowed. The protected forests are· mainly found in Kinangop, Kipipiri and Ndaragwa Divisions. The plantation forests cover about 8,000 ha, out of w·hich 2,300 ha . are in Kinangop Division, 2,300 ha. in 01 Joro Orok Division and approximately 3,400 ha. in Ndaragwa Division. These forests are a·source of revenue for the government through timber harvesting and provision of firewood and bvilding materials to the local people. They are also important water catchment areas. These forests can form a source of raw materials for the paper and furniture industries. Commercial Minerals and Materials Nyandarua District does not have major commercial mineral deposits. However traces of diatomite have been found in Dundori and Mawingo areas in the easter~ • 18 part of 01 Kalou Division which is believed to be related to that mined at Kariandusi near Gilgil in Nakuru District. Manganese deposits have been reported to the north of the confluence of Malewa and 0lo 0londo Rivers on the eastern fringes of Kipipiri Division. However,there are no geological details indicating whether this can be commercially extracted. lgnimbrite and well bred turfs are extracted as build_ing stones in parts of 01 Joro 0rok and 01 Kalou areas. Ballast is made from black phonolite which is found mainly in some parts of 01 Joro 0rok and Ndaragwa. Tourist Attractions The district is endowed with abundant game for tourist attractions. The district is home to ·various species of game which, if well managed and exploited; could revolutionize the tourism industry. Aberdare National Park covers an area of 767 square kilometres. The park contains such games as elephants, hippopotamus, cheetahs, lions, leopards, ·monkeys, wild pig, baboons, water bucks, Thompson's gazelles, zebras, tiyenas, and numerous small wild game. The park borders Ndaragwa, Kipipiri and Kinangop Divisions. Lake 01 Bolossat, which is located at 01 Kalou Salient within OI Kalou Division has been proposed for gazettement as a National Reserve and will cover an area of about 514 hectares most of which is composed of open grass-land and exotic forest. It is bird sanctuary, and the main inhabitants include ducks and geese. The lake has 17 duck species of which 10 are regular and 7 are migratory. Among the 5 geese species, 4 are resident and 1 migratory. When fully operational, the reserve will be an attraction to both local and foreign tourists. At the southern end of the district, there is the Rift Valley view point which is frequented by many local and foreign tourists. This offers·a very good scenary for photography and viewing. RESOURCE EXPLOITATION This section presents an economic profile of · the district, showing the major economic activities in which the people of the district are engaged. It shows the level of exploitation of the resources in the district in terms of agriculture, livestock production, forestry, fishing, industrial activities, commerce, trade and other activities. Agricultural Activit.ies Nyandarua is predominantly an agricultural district where the largest proportion of the population are dependent Otl agriculture for their livelihood. Both cash and food 19 crops are grown. There are both small-scale and large-scale farms. However, the small-scale farms are increasingly replacing the large-scale cooperative and company farms. In the small farm sector both cash and food crops are grown which include maize, potatoes, wheat, beans, vegetable, pyrethrum and various horticultural crops. The t crops are grown in the upper and lower highland zones of the district and sub- i divisions of the high potential areas, which covers a total of 55,500 hectares. The sub-divisions into small land sizes calls for intensive crop production. Therefore, field-extension services have to be intensified to ~ncourage farmers to adopt modern farming techniques. Table 1.11 presents the small farm sector in the district's economy,. Table ·1.11 Small Farm Sector Farm Rural HH per No. of Main Food Main Cash % HH with % HH with Area HH Sq Km Small Crops Crops high value high value (Hal (19951 Holdings product grown of Food crop cash crop. Division 01 Kalou 44,710 13,498 20 12,835 Potatoes, Pyrethrum 97 80 Cabbage, Wheat Peas, Maize, : Beans, 1 Carrots 01 Joro 26,350 8,956 26 3,762 Potatoes, Pyrethrum 95 80 0rok Cabbages, Wheat Peas, Maize, Carrots, Beans Kinangop 46,160 . 20,101 22 12,000 Potatoes, Pyrethrum 99 65 Cabbages, Wheat Peas, Flowers Carrots, Kales Kipipiri 28,390 12,919 16 13,400 Potatoes, Pyre thrum, 96 55 Cabbages, Wheat, Peas, Flowers Maize Ndaragwa 35,190 14,632 17 12,074 Maize, Pyrethrum, 96 75 Beans, Wheat Potatoes, Cabbages Source: District Agriculture Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 .. . 20 The main cereal crops grown in the district are maize and wheat, while barley production has been insignificant. Maize is grown for both _commercial and subsistence purposes. 01 Joro Orok Division has the highest density of rural households although it is the smallest in size. The division is a settlement area and most of the crops do well. However, Kipipiri and Ndaragwa Divisions, have fewer rural households. _Some parts of these divisions are marginal lands where intensive crop production is not very suitable . Most of the households (about 85%) have both high value food crops and high value cash crops. On the size of farm area, Kinangop is leading with a total of 46, 160 hectares. The division is also the largest in land size. It should be noted that although 01 Kalou is the second smallest in land size, the area under farming is quite large, ranking second in the district. The divisions with the smallest farm areas are Ndaragwa, Kipipiri and Kinangop as compared to their sizes. The intensive farming in 01 Kalou is as a result of fertile soils which attract high settlements. The number of small holdings per division is almost evenly distributed with the exception of 01 Joro Orok which has the least. 01 Kalou Div.ision has the largest area under maize. It ha·s been producing over 50% of all the maize produced in the district over the 1994-96 plan period. The crop is also significantly grown in Kipipiri, Ndaragwa and QI Joro Orok Divisions. Kipipiri has, however, the highest yield. Maize production in Kinangop Division is insignificant due to frost and poor soils. Other food crops are produced in all other divisions. Wheat is wholly grown as a commercial crop. The main producing areas are Ndaragwa and 01 Joro Orok Divisions. Barley is grown in Kinangop and Kipipiri Divisions under contract with Kenya Breweries. Horticultural farming is very important in the district. Notable among these crops are potatoes, carrots and cabbages. The leading areas in output are Kinangop which leads the others in potato yields, while 01 Kalou produces the highest output of vegetables in the district. The main cash crop grown by the small farm sector in the district is pyrethrum which is grown in all the divisions. Cut-flowers (carnations) are grown in ·south Kinangop although not on a substantial scale . Table 1. 12 shows the production trend ( 1991-95) of major crops in the district. 21 Table 1.12 Cro(! Production Trend 1991-1995 Crop Description 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 \ Food Crops Maize Area (Hal 18,573 21,620 16,369 17,646 18,144 Yield(tons) 33,431 34,592 18,006 30,000 32,659 Av.Yid/Ha 1 .8 1 .6 1. 1 1 .7 1 .8 Beans Area (Hal 320 105 5,416 5,947 5,640 Yield (tons) 192 63 1,083 2,379 1,692 Av. Yid/Ha 0 .6 0.6 0.2 0 .4 0.3 Potatoes Area (Hal 11,879 11,050 11,564 12,821 18,400 Yield (tons) 154,427 121,550 115,640 192,315 191 ,737 Av. Yid/Ha 13 11 10 15 10.4 Vegetables Area (l-ia) 11,127 9,770 4,417 9,317 Yield (tons) 81,613 80,790 25,391 78,655 Av. Yid/Ha 7.3 8.3 5.8 8.4 Fruits Area (Ha) 443 454 466 463 Yield (tons) 2,168 2,031 1,880 2,980 Av.Yid/Ha 4.9 4.5 4.0 6 .4 Cash Crops Pyrethrum Area (Hal 3,730 4,335 4,649 4,693 3,537 Yield (tons) 1,492 1,774 2,218 1,294 1,415 Av. Yid/Ha 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 Wheat Area (Hal 3,456 3 ,760 3,968 3,641 3,549 Yield (tons 6,224 8,084 4,364 7,282 7,098 Av. Yid/Ha 1.8 2.2 ,. 1 2 2 Source: District Agriculture Office, 01 Kalou, 1996. Note: 1. Vegetables include cabbages, carrots, peas, kales, tomatoes, onions, shallots and peas. 2. Fruits include apples and plums. 22 It is quite evident that food production is the main agricultural occupation of the people. Maize and potatoes remain the major food crops in the district. As regards the pulses, beans are the most important. The district is also renowned for its high level of horticultural production. However, the level of annual output of these crops depends on various factors like:the weather conditions and the availability of affordable farm inputs. The biggest problems that farmers face is marketing of the crop due to lack of organized marketing and poor roads. I I Pyrethrum and wheat are the major cash crops in the district. The area under pyrethrum remained fairly constant between 1992 and 1994, at about 4500 hectares. Due to extensive educational campaign by the pyrethrum Board and agricultural extension personnel, the hectarage and yield have been steadily rising. · The decline in yields in 1 994 was due to drought. The hectarage under wheat has also been fairly constant, at about 3500 hectares. Large-scale farm sector is also important in the agricultural production of the · district. Table 1.13 presents the large farm sector. Table 1.13 Large Farm Sector Number of Employees Division No. of Total Area Main crops Permanent Seasonal Farms (ha) Ndaragwa 132 219 Wheat 267 519 01 Joro 77 901 Wheat 119 441 Orok 01 Kalou 400 6,532 Wheat 831 2,805 Kipipiri 148 4,805 Wheat 459 858 Kinangop 225 4,918 Cutflowers 268 621 Total 982 17,375 .. 1,934 5,244 Source: District Agriculture Office, OI Kalou, 1996 The large farms in Nyandarua District occupy an area of approximately 17,400 hectares and have a capacity to employ about 7,200 skilled and non-skilled workers at any one period . The main cash crops grown in these farms are, wheat and cutflower, of which they produce 95% of the district's total output. A big potential exists for the establishment of wheat grain processing industry at 01 Kalou. . 23 \\ \U ij\lU\U Ut ~Jambini in SoutttK·i;a~~o-p-."Th~~;·is·~-o~;~ti~l-f~~ d-~~-~j~~-~ent of food processing industries using potatoes, cabbages, carrots, kale, peas, beans, and onions which are the backbone of the district's agricultural a.ctivities. The district currently supplies its produce to industries located outside. Livestock Production Activities Livestock production is second to agriculture in intensity and importance. Most of the district is suitable for both dairy and beef cattle. The latter is, however, mainly reared within the marginal areas of Ndaragwa and Kipipiri Divisions. Table 1 .14 shows livestock production based on the last livestock census carried out in 1989. Table 1.14 Livestock Production by Division Division Area sq.km H.H. No. Main Livestock Livestock Land carrying Products capacity Ndaragwa 871 14,632 Dairy cattle, Hides, wool, 5 acres, wool sheep, milk, meat, livestock unit goats, Bee- honey keeping, Poultry keeping 01 Jore Orok 340 8,956 Dairy cattle, Milk, wool, 3 acres, sheep, goats, meat livestock unit poultry 01 Kalou 672 13,498 Dairy cattle, Milk, wool, 3 acres, sheep, goats, meat, hides, livestock unit poultry skins Kipipiri 713 12,919 Dairy cattle, Milk, meat, 3 acres, poultry, goats, wool, hides, livestock unit sheep. skins Kinangop 932 20,101 Dairy cattle, Milk, wool, 2 acres, sheep, goats, hides, skins, livestock unit poultry meat Source: District livestock production office, 01 Kalou, 1996. Dairy cattle, shoats (sheep/goats) and poultry activities are prevalent in all the divisions of the district. Therefore milk, mutton, wool and eggs are the main products, especially for the small scale farmers who use them both for food and for sale to get incomes. 24 Wool sheep and dairy goats are kept mainly in the humid areas adjacent to the Aberdare Ranges, while indigenous sheep and goats are mainly found in the marginal areas of Ndaragwa and Kipipiri Divisions. Other livestock activities include poultry, beekeeping and pig rearing. Kinangop Division is the largest division and has the largest number of households and also leads in milk production. 01 Kalou, 01 Joro Orok, Kipipiri and Ndaragwa Divisions follow Kinangop in milk production in that order .• Kipipiri and Ndaragwa Divisions have large tracts of marginal land, hence their low levels in milk production. Table 1.15 shows the livestock production figures between 1991- 1995. Table 1.15 Livesto·ck Production 1991-1995 Livestock Numbers Type of 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Livestock Cattle 265,774 269,313 265,760 267,446 267,685 Sheep 239,403 243,414 234,516 256,147 262,273 Goats 52,376 45,840 45,182 42,284 43,346 Poultry 211,837 230,055 229,945 242,970 256,748 KTBH 5,090 5,521 5,664 5,482 5,542 Pigs 3::30 381 636 795 940 Rabbits 28,651 22,114 22,463 21,501 18,298 Source: District Livestock Production Office, 01 Kalou, 1996. The growth rate of cattle population between 1991 and 1995 was insignificant. This is attributed to incidences of drought between 1993-1 994, sky rocketing prizes of the animal feeds, breeding problems of long calving intervals and lack of A.I. services. This has been due to the phasing out of financial support by the government. Beef cattle are relatively few in the district due to cold weather conditions which make rearing of these animals unsuitable. These cattle are predominantly reared in lower parts of Ndaragwa Division, which are warm most of the year. They are kept by small scale farmers, since large scale rearing is not viable. Most of the beef for 25 the local market is imported from the neighbouring districts of Laikipia and Nakuru. The culled dairy cattle and bull calves supplement the local supply of beef. Like cattle, the population of sheep/goats did not improve much over 1991-1995 period. This was caused by lack of organized marketing channels for the wool and poor in-breeding. Kinangop Division has substantial number of goats. Wool production ranks second to milk in livestock products in the district. A few farmers around Ndaragwa, 01 Kalou and Njabini centres keep pigs by using food remains from hotels and schools. Otherwise pig production has not really taken off due to lack of promising market and prohibitive cost of 1.: ig feeds. The pigs are slaughtered for local consumption. The district has a relatively high potential for honey production, but the potential has not been fully exploited. This activity is minimal although extension services efforts are being made to popularize bee-keeping. All the honey produced is for domestic use. Table 1.15 shows the quanties oflivestock and livestock products sold between 1991 and 1995. Table 1.15 Livestock Products and Sales, 1991-1995 Livestock (No.) Livestock Products (kgs) Year Cattle Goats Poultry Pigs Hides Skins Milk Honey Wool 1991 3,374 1,465 84,735 12,217 23,414 48,369,822 55,945 441,501 1992 4,809 984 92,022 16 18,422 36,228 44,882,357 56,102 452,295 1993 4,655 1,432 91,978 6 20,099 39,676 37,545,759 60,170 335,843 1994 3,410 1,092 97,188 3 16,995 40,845 40,143,382 66, 170 485,419 1995 3,480 1, 151 102,700 16,895 39,975 48,436,162 167,462 487,694 Source: District Livestock Production Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 Milk production is important to the district's development. The liberalised marketing channels have become a blessing for the district, since a number of private entrepreneurs have come up to establish dairy industries and are becoming popular with farmers. Nyandarua is one of the leading livestock producing areas in the country. There is a great potential for exploitation of livestock products through establishment of large-scale milk processing plants which would also produce butter, cheese, yoghurt, and other milk products. A tanning industry for producing leathP.r and leather products is viable in view of the availability of hides and skins. There is also potential for a wool spinning industry since the district has a lot of wool sheep. 26 Light industrial dev·elopment could also be enhanced using hides and skins, honey and wool. A lot of job opportunities and revenue could be generated if these resources were processed locally. Other Natural Resource Exploitation Fisheries: The district does not have major natural fish sources such as lakes and large rivers. Therefore, fisheries activities are confined to ponds, dams and the small rivers. Fish stocking is mainly carried out by the Government through the Fisheries Department. The facilities stocked are then handed over to organized self-help groups and individual farmers. The district has 266 established fish ponds, 60 surveyed dams and 1 6 potential rivers either already stocked or earmarked for stocking. There are 225 farmers engaged in fish farming at a small scale level. The major species of fish farmed in the disuict are trout and tilapia. Trout is the most common species and does very well in ponds. Other species mainly grown in dams and rivers together with tilapia are common carp and black bass. In 1995, approximately 285 kilogrammes of various species were harvested, earning the farmers KShs. 151,800.00. Harvested fish is sold locally and to hotels in Nyeri, Nakuru and Nairobi. A lot of potential exist for the development of fish farming in the district in view of numerous dams and ponds plus other facilities that are available for stocking. The fisheries department has made advanced arrangements for establishing a fish hatchery at Ndaragwa fish ponds. The hatchery is expected to make the district self-sufficient in fingerlings for supply to self-help fish farming groups and individual fish farmers and therefore increase fish production. After having ensured that the district has adequate fish output from the local fish sour.ces, the department of fisheries intends to promote industrial activities by encouraging potential investors to set up processing plants for trout and tilapia canning. An industry for processing fish-feeds will also be viable since demand for the commodity will increase with the increased fish stocking level. Forestry and Agro-Forestry: The district has a forest area covering 37,706 hectares. Of this area, the forest plantations cover 8,000 hectares o•Jt of which 1,000 hectares is replanting backlog that has accumulated since 1990. The rest is natural forest. The major objective of the forest plantation programme is to satisfy local demand as well as contribute to the country's needs for domestic, industrial and construction purposes. Despite the district having a big area under forest cover, exploita~ion_ of fore_st r~sourc~s ~~ the local community in terms of setting up wood processing industries 1s not s1gnif1cant. The only notable establishments are small- scale furniture workshops which can be found in virtually all urban and market 27 centres across the district. There are also timber yards that sell sawn timber to the construction industry. The district has 36 licensed saw milling plants of which only 55 % are actively functional. These plants produced a total of 35,000 cubic metres of timber between 1994 and 1995/96 valued at about KShs.13. 7 million. Of the total timber production, only 5% was actually absorbed within the district. The rest was supplied as raw materials to industries in Nyahururu, Nakuru, Nairobi and other_ areas. Agro-Forestry has become an important activity in the district over the past five years through the intensification of "farmer facilitation" approach. The farmers are given seeds and technical advice and limited material inputs w ith the aim of inducing them into the tree production technology. Through this approach, on-farm tree planting is sustained. A total of 1,150 ha. ~.ere planted with 2.3 million tree seedlings between 1994 and 1995/96 using this approach. It is anticipated that agro-forestry activities will be important sources of raw materials for the timber industry during the plan period. Mining: The district does not have major mineral resources viable for extraction. There are, however, traces of diatomite at Dundori and Mawingo areas in 01 Kalou Division. Manganese deposits are said to be existing near the confluence of Malewa and Ole Olondo rivers, but it has not been verified whether the minerals are extractable. The district produces adequate natural building stones for local construction works and also supplies Nakuru and Kiambu districts. There are over 15 quarry sites in 01 Kalou and Kipipiri Divisions producing stones, hardcore and ballast. Industrial Activities Nyandarua District has no notable large-scale industrial activities related to manufacturing and processing. This is despite the district's abundant agricultural and livestock products which are essential raw materials for industrial development. Nevertheless, the district can boast of numerous small-scale industrial activities such as saw-milling, furniture and metal fabrication among others. These are spread all over the district and are concentrated within urban and market centres, especially in designated centres. In centres where electricity has been supplied like 01 Kalou, Engineer and Ndunyu Njeru, metal fa_brication works and woodcraft works have increased significantly. Aberdare Dairy Plant is the only medium-scale dairy industry operating in the district. The plant is currently undertaking pasteurizing and packaging of fresh milk and has made advanced operational arrangements to start producing UHT milk for the local market. The plant is not, however, capable of utilizing all the milk \ 28 produced within its catchment area. The district has a lot of potential for development of other industries using the vast raw materials available within. Others: Through jua kali sector, co-operatives and individual investors there has been establishment of handcrafts, cottage and small scale industries which are expected to increase as the infrastructure in urban and market centres improves. Commerce, Trade and Services Formal Sector: Commercial enterprises are spread 'all over the district, with 01 Kalou Town Council, (the districts headquarters), having the largest share of these activities. The major commercial activities are sale of raw milk and horticultural produce which the district produces in abundance. In most cases, these products are sold to middlemen from Nairobi and the neighbouring districts and in trading centres during market days. Wholesale and distribution of foodstuff, animal feeds, seeds and fertiliz-er, are other important activities in the district. These are to be found in all trading centres. Kinangop Division has the largest concentration of these activities, which is attributed to the division's proximity to other maj01 urban areas of Nairobi, Naivasha, Kiambu and Murang'a. Apart from centralized trading enterprises and commercial activities, the district has adequate transport services, vehicle and bicycle gar"ages, hotel and restaurants and dry cleaning activities spread all over. Informal Sector: The growth of small towns in the district as a result of improved road network and provision of electricity has contributed to a rapid growth in the informal sector. The activities include retail trade in household goods, clothing, animal feeds and fertilizer, watch repair, barber and salon services, shoe repair, radio repair, tailoring and posho milling, among others. This sector is very important especially in creating employment opportunities and as a source of incomes to a big proportion of the population, especially the urban population. Table 1.17 shows the distribution of various commercial and manufacturing enterprises in the district. 29· j j Table 1.17 l I \ Commercial, Trade and Manufacturing Enteq;~rises ! Type of Ndaragwa 01 Joro Orok 01 Kalou Kipipiri Kinangop Business Wholesale 6 2 15 2 15 Catering 117 75 120 115 275 Garage 1 . 1 3 Regulated 560 270 430 590 1,080 Miscellaneous 8 7 14 7 18 Manufacturers 1 1 7 Distributors 1 3 Source: District Trade Office, 01 Kalou, 1996. 01 Kalou and Kinangop have a higher concentration of these activities as compared to the other divisions. This is because of better infrastructural facilities in these centres. SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION Development of socio-economic infrastructure is necessary for the industrialization process. This section outlines the socio-economic infrastructure available in Nyandarua District with emphasis on those facilities that require to be set up or improved in order to promote rapid industrialization. These include communication network, water facilities, health and educational facilities, among others. Communication Network Roads: The district has a total of 111 classified roads whose length is 1,276 kilometres. There are also 37 unclassified roads covering a total length of 332Km. The district has 141 kilometres of bitumenized roads. These include the trans- district road that passes through the district stretching from Gilgil - 01 Kalou - 01 Joro Orok - Nyahururu - Ndaragwa - Nyeri and Magumu - Njabini Road. It should be noted that there has been no :-')(t·.:.1sion in length of these roads since 1988. 30 Table 1.18 shows the distribution of classified road network in the district. Map 4 shows the road network in the district. Table 1.18 Distribution of Road Network (Km) Division Total Classfied Roads Tamacked Roads Ndaragua 243.3 27 01 Joro Orok 243.8 28 01 Kalou 284.6 37 Kipipiri 200.8 Nil Kinangop 303.5 49 Total 1276 141 Source: District Public Works Office, 01 Kalou, 1 996. Considering that most of the district is agriculturally productive, the existing road network is over-utilized and requires regular maintenance. Particularly heavy traffic is on the trans-district tarmac road, due to vehicles passing via the district to and from other districts. The district requires a major road improvement programme especially in Kinangop and Kipipiri divisions to facilitate tapping of the abundant resources available. There are 530 km of gravelled roads and 574 km of earth roads which require a major facelift through re-gravelling to enable the road network support economic activities. The earth roads are under-utilized during the wet season since they become impassable. Telecommunications: The district has fairly good postal and telephone services. All divisional headquarters, except Kinangop, are served with STD facilities, while extension lines have been erected in the neighbourhood of these trading centres. However, most other trading centres other than divisidnal headquarters have no telephone and postal services, hence communication .is often difficult, especially during wet season when road transport becomes impossible. Rail Transport: There is a railway line extending from Gilgil - 01 Kalou - 01 Joro Orok to Nyahururu. · It facilitates transportation of farm products and construction materials in the district. The facility is, however, under-utilized. 31 Rail Transport: There is -a railway line extending from Gilgil - 01 Kalou - 0 1J oro 0rok to Nyahururu. It facilitates transportation of farm products and construction materials in the district. The facility is, however, under-utilized. Air Transport: There is one bitumen standard airstrip maintained by the government. The facility is not adequately utilized because air transport is quite expensive as compar.ed to road transport. Also, ·the district is not far from major urban centres such as Nairobi, Nakuru and Nyeri which are easily accessible by road. 32 Map No. 4 YANDARUA DISTRICT COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK To Morolol Tumom . ; ) Ngorik~,, 1 Ma~ingu .I ·7''' '"ft ~ 'I -~, , I ' \ _'\,,/'\~.~ .1.. E G EN..Q ----·· · . . Jntffnotionol Trunk Roods ----..... -Hotiono1 Trunlr Roads - - --·· . .. Primary Aoada ______ .. . .. S.condor y Roods t I I I I , . .. . .Railway Line ? ·. . .. ..A irstrip __ __ _ Divisional Boundary 1«0 15 ' 20Km I .J t ,, Prepared by DRSRS 33 NYANDARUA DISTRICT Map No. TELEPHONE POSTAL SERVICES i\ i \. Nyah.u ruru / -""' '\ \ . /. . ·'\ \.. · ..... . airo- Inyo \ '- ./ •' \ Ndarag~.-·-· □ 0 . / \ LAIKIPIA \ □ Kaheho " 0 ~ I I f \ NYE RI \ \ ) KIPIPIRI LEGEND . \ \ ' 0 Old Mawmgo •'\ Electric Power line • a ..... Te le phone I Postal ( oTurasha o .... . Market Cent.re Divis ional Boundary \ N '-· \ Weru { ) KINAN GOP 0 5 10 15 20Km. > ) □ ( 0 Njambini \ \ \ ........ ·, '\ \ Magumu/ ,r {i\z t-- ~ KI_AMBU (. ../ Prepared by ORS RS 34 Water Facilities The district has a major water problem due to limited sources of surface water. The majority of water facilities are self-help water projects, most of which are- small-scale, serving only a limited number of users. These are located ~ithin the rural areas of the district. The government maintained water facilities are mainly within major market centres. Table 1.19 shows the distribution of water facilities in the district by divisions. Table 1.19 Distribution of Water Facilities Division GOK Self-Help Others Ndaragwa 1 2 2 01 Joro Orok 2 2 01 Kalou 5 5 Kipipiri 7 Kinangop 2 3 2 Total 10 19 4 Source: District Water Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 Due to colossal capital investments involved in implementing water projects, the priority has been given to rehabilitation, improvement and maintenance of existing water .supplies. This is especially in Kinangop Division where most of the water facilities were established in the 1950's and require major rehabilitation. In Kipipiri and Ndaragwa Divisions, the few water facilities are mainly of gravity flow with bigger pipef serving high populations. 01 Joro Orok and 01 Kalou Divisions are mainly served with boreholes. Most of the pumping units are old and require regular repairs and maintenance which are very expensive. The pumped water from these boreholes is far from adequate for the increasing population. In order to satisfy major industrial water requirements, the issue of water shortage needs to be addressed. Of the five divisions, only Kinangop, which has big rivers can accommodate. large industries requiring a lot of water. . 35 'I Mop No. s ' NYANDARUA DISTRICT WATER FACILITIES · .~ ()-.I ' . Nyahururu /' 8 \ /"\ Ae c:...... c, \.-· . ) ~.'N'":-,. e c, \ j ) .,J ~ \ •. /'\ ' )1 .~ \ . () () __ ....) ) 8 \ N DARAGWAt/. ·)OL JORO OROK ) · X L Al Kl Pl A . OIJoro Or~ ~ 8 \ ·I \.. -\_ ... A-·•"' ./ .~ eee f \. / r 8 011'.aloue "-..? -.._ · . e~ ··"'-.. / \ .\ re 'O L K.() ALO U !. 'i e e ! e \ .,.,.,., x ~ /'-·-"',' ·1 e eKipipiri .? (). . ~ / e e \ ~ ..- -·---·v-~ LEGEND . 8 C ) ~ I ,..,? . ()_ .....•...•.D om . e < ~- .•.•• . •.•. Urban water supply I ... ....-··'-.. . J· \. 8 .......... t-- NYERI Existing self-help water L.--, K IN AN GOP , projects ·\ _.J\. (~) \ 0 ....... . . . . I.Jn.Gozetted rural water supply eKin:ngop .) X. . . . . . ...W ater projects Wlder construction ~ -··-· ••••.D ivision boundary \. .. ) ,.>.. \ ·,·x, ._~, .-·, ) ~ X (' ~ . \ r~ ~ )KI AMBU ·8/ (~ Prepared by _DRSRS 36 Energy Supply Energy, in its various forms including wood, petroleum, electricity, biog as and solar is essential for social and economic development. The facility is particularly a critical input in the development of the industrial activities that the district desires to undertake. It is for this reason that adequate and assured supply of all forms of energy is a requisite if the district has to undergo industrial transformation. Despite high production of agricultural and dairy products, Nyandarua District is poorly served with electricity. Of the five divisions, only 01 Joro Orok and 01 Kalou Divisions, and to a less extent Kinangop Division, have benefitted from the rural electrification programme. The facility is virtually non existent in Ndaragwa and · Kipipiri Divisions. Electricity in the district is under-util~ed since only a few activities are being undertaken within the supplied areas. The most common commercial use is metal fabrication and other related small-scale activities. Apart from 01 Kalou Town which is well covered by electricity, OI Joro Orok, Engineer and other small market centres happen to fall along the main Electricity grid. Such market centres as Kasuku in 01 Joro Orok Division, Rurii and Kapten in 01 Kalou Division, Magumu, Murungaru and Ndunyu Njeru in Kinangop Division, Mairo-inya in Ndaragwa Division and Ndemi in Kipipiri Division have also been supplied with electric!ty. On petroleum fuels, the district has four (4) petroleum distribution· points; two (2) in 01 Kalou, one in Engineer and one in Njabini. In addition, there is an average of one shop in every market centre selling paraffin. These sources of petroleum products are grossly inadequate to effectively serve the population. As a result, the consumers of these commodities mainly get their supplies from Nyahururu, Naivasha and Gilgil Towns which are on the borders with other districts. Fuel wood is the most common source of energy used in the rural homesteads, particularly for cooking and warming. However, because of the increasing population and the rate at which forests are being transformed into farming areas, it is inevitable that supply of wood-fuel is fast diminishing and a deficit will be felt in the next five years. Extension services are being undertaken to encourage the population on the use of fuel-saving "jikos" (stoves). Solar energy has yet to be popular in the district. This is perhaps because of the high cost involved in installing it. Only a handful of individual farmers have managed to acquire the facility, mainly for lighting residential houses. Various' Government and NGOs institutions have also installed solar systems. This source of energy will also be encouraged during the plan period. I V ·37 lJucation Facilities Since 1991, there has been:a marked increase in education facilities at all levels - pre-primary, primary and s~condary as a result of the increasing population and therefore rise in demand >for enrolment. Table 1.20 shows the distribution of education facilities in the district. Table 1.20 Distribution of Education Facilities b~ Ty~e. and Division Division Pre- Primary Secon- Youth AHITI Farmers , Rehab. Primary dary Polyte- T.C. Centre chnics Ndaragwa 103 6~ 16 5 01 Joro 0rok 81 51 11 2 1 1 01 Kalou 91 67 15 4 Kipipiri 82 48 10 3 1 Kinangop 144 67 22 3 1 Total 501 294 74 17 2 2 Source: District Education Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 In table 1 .20, it is shown that distribution of pre-school, primary and secondary schools is fairly even in all the five divisions. Kipipiri Division, despite being one of the largest and populous divisions, has lagged behind in provision of the facilities. 01 Joro Orok Division, though being the smallest, has been able to put up as many facilities as the big divisions and therefore has the highest facility ratio. Generally,Provision of the primary school facilities is relatively high compared to secondary schoo·I facilities, indicating that secondary schools are inadequate to service the big number of primary schools in the district. The district is underserved in terms of youth polytechnics. These facilities have been run down by poor management and new ones rarely come up. Otherwise, the available polytechnics, even if well managed, will be too inadequate to\ absorb primary and secondary school leavers. The farmers training centres are used for training of local farmers as part of government extension services. Their u,ilization is normal. The Animal Health Industrial and Training Institute (AHITI) and the Rehabilitation Centre cater for students from all over·the country. The latter is predominantly for 38 training the disabled. The facilities are actually over-utilized in view of the high demand for admission. Table 1.21 presents the enrolment trend for both primary and secondary schools for the various divisions between 1991 and 1996. Table 1.21 School Enrolment b)l Division Primary Schools Nd1regw1 01 Jo,o Orok 01 Kalou , Klpipirl Kinangop M F M F M F M F M F 1991 10158 10150 8487 8485 9121 9121 7720 7700 14439 14420 1992 10600 10678 9310 932\ 10050 100113 72811 7280 1110311 1110311 1993 11018 11024 9210 9213 10098 10090 81711 81110 111978 111577 1994 11085 10981 10279 10112 11238 11037 ees11 8278 17278 17503 1995 11823 11091 10307 10292 11589 11378 8429 82110 18087 18277 1996 11892 11832 8378 8050 11701 11259 9857 9788 111189 18357 Secondary Schools 1991 11111 1162 1486 733 1080 1080 830 838 1937 1938 1992 1199 1200 1532 761 1115 1118 854 855 1901 2101 1993 1202 1121 1606 856 1055 1341 1181 728 1325 2299 1994 1344 1386 1561 874 1178 1368 1185 810 1289 2298 1995 1342 1413 1699 950 1240 1315 838 831 1374 2383 1998 1284 1678 1701 1101 1278 1479 724 838 2409 2725 Source: District Education Office, Nyahururu, 1996 Enrolment in both primary and secondary schools is highest in Kinangop Division mainly because the division is the largest in size, has the highest population, and has more educational facilities than the other four divisions. 01 Joro Orok Division despite being the smallest in size with fewer facilities, has a better enrolment record than Kipipiri Division and competes well with 01 Kalou Division in Secondary school enrolment. Generally, the district has had a low increase in education facilities in relation to the high enrolment rate in both primary and secondary schools. In primary schools total district enrolment increased from 99,801 in 1991 to 117,083 pupils in 1996, an increase of 17.3%. In secondary schools, enrolment rose from 11,845 to 15,210 students (i.e. 28.4% increase) during the same period. Ther~ were 260 39 primary schools in 1991 · as compared to 294 in 1996, which is 13% increase. Secondary schools increased only by 5.7% from 70 in 1991 to 74 in 1996. From the observation on the rate of increase in both school enrolment and provision of educational facilities, it is evident that enrolment rate far exceeds the rate at which schools have been established, meaning that the existing schools are over- utilized. This scenario is more felt in secondary schools. There is insignificant difference in the number of boys and that of girls enroling in primary schools. This indicates that the community does not discriminate against children on sex basis when it comes to education. ·However, there is a marked difference at secondary school level where enrolment of boys is higher than that of girls. This is attributed to the girls dropping out at primary level ejther due to pregnancies, early marriages, or employment as house helps. The enrolment, relative to staffing, is fair at both primary and secondary school levels. The pupil/teacher ratio in primary schools is 33: 1 while in secondary schools it is 1 5: 1 . This is an indication that the district is well staffed. School drop-out rate is not significant in the district. The common known cases are those related to girls as a result of pregnancies or early marriages. There are also isolated cases of pupils having discontinued education due to lack of school fees. Generally, the rate of drop-out is estimated to be 2% - 3% each year. Health Facilities The district is fairly well provided with health facilities. There are two (2) fully operational hospitals, one of which is run by the Catholic Mission and the other by the Government. There are eight health centres, thirty-one dispensaries, and 19 privately run clinics. The distribution of the health facilities is as indicated in Table 1.22. Table 1.22 Distribution of Health Facilities by Type and Division Hospital Health Centres Dispensaries Clinics Division GOK NGO GOK NGO GOK NGO GOK NGO/PRIVATE Ndaragwa 8 2 5 01 Joro Orok 3 2 01 Kalou 4 Kipipiri 5 4 Kinangop 3 8 7 Total 7 28 3 19 Source: Ministry of Health Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 It is observed that health facilities are fairly evenly distributed, with the expansive and populous Kinangop and 01 Kalou Divisions having 45 % . The average distance between one facility to the other is about 11 kilometres. The growth of the health sector in terms of the number of facilities since 1991 has been insignificant. The priority over this period has been to improve the existing facilities by renovation, expansion, equipping· and staffing. So far about 50% of the dispensaries and health centres have been improved and most equipment has been provided under · Kenya Expanded Programme on Immunization (K.E.P.I) programme. The level of utilization of the health facilities depends on various factors such as population, road status and availability of equipment and personnel. In Ndaragwa and 01 Joro Orok Divisions, the facilities are over-utilized due to the high populations. The divisions have a few available Health Centres and Dispensaries. In Kipipiri, Kinangop and 01 Kalou, the problem of road communication, especially during the wet season contributes to the under-utilization of the facilities. The two hospitals in the district are grossly over-utilized, especially 01 Kalou District Hospital which is located on a densely populated and agriculturally rich region and serving as the district headquarters. Although there are large numbers of private clinics, the attendance is low due to the high fees charged as compared to government operated facilities. In normal circumstances, people opt to attend Government and NGO operated health facilities where services are relatively cheaper. The district has inadequate health personnel as illustrated in Table 1.23. 41 ., l Mop No. 6 NVANDARUA DISTRICT I I HEALTH FACILITIES i /' . LAIKyIP~IA S. /a, "" Ndogino \ _ .,.\ Hyahururl6J 6 'Kahembe • .d.- . ~ ~\ 69a ari. Uru6 ku ~ ·j I NDARAGWA -~. 6 S1h bwet 6 Ndururi C~thohc I • A0lbolo\ss at · Ndarogwa ;,-· -• b Catholic 6 / I A Ngano 1· Ndaragw! ~· L A I KI p I A l • L JORO OROK ! . L . m . ..! Subuku - ·- 6 ~'!?roorok Catholic , .. --\ ( ~ ~ \ .. . ·, ! Moina Mwangi ~ 6 Pes, ~ -, {': r·-, ~. ·3 -~ (I) •• V V r 6 Kirima Milangine 6 Shamata .\ / • , ) OL K ~LOU 01 Kalou c::-·•'\..•A-··! . ~- . A Tumaine · · ~ . :'\.,_ •. :., · '· / \ ·. 6 N.Y.S Tumaine ? · :-':--, . ' . - • \A Ngori~a . . l . ~ Wan1oh1 ·1 · • ~- A New_ Ma~in~u~ 6~~em1 Geta :us.h • · .· N A K U R U . \ · /\ · ' · · · 6 Manunga - \ NYE RI , . , . _, \,· '-.'.~ , . \ K I P I. P I R I <_ ·, '' ,.'. .. ' \ _/ " A Old Mawing:-Z. r . • )\( : A Turasha LEGEND ___ .--.......,.· j .)·. . Q ... . . . ~ .. .Hospitals \ . . ' .• . "-) Geta Fo~st ·• (I) ..... ..... Health Centres . . I ( (._. . .;..,-··'"'-.....,··Kinan"gop Mission\ .J . A ........ Dispensaries I , . . ' . --··--····.Div is ion boundary L. · Engineer()) · 6 I Mutarakwo \ A A • ,. \ • Murungoru Kinangop \ J • -· '--·'\ . - ' ' . \ KI NAN GOP l . 0 5 10 15 20Km · <• 6 W er.·u · } ;jabini\ Njobini Cothal.A .-, ·\ . I r , \ orangotho .~ . • (I) -/ • '' ·: rHeni ./ ~ J , ,. Bamboo ( ~ \KI AMBU . 1 ·: • A Kenton Gitwe V Prepared by D R S R S 42 Table 1.23 !"' Distribution of Technical Health Personnel by Type and Division C: T T Type of Personnel . } , I I' I Division Doctors Clinical Officers Nurses Ndaragwa 29 01 Joro Orok 19 • I •· • .: n ,. 01 Kalou 2 ' ',. . . 6 '. . 160 , .... ' .. .. . ., 1 Kipipiri . t.• 1 ; ' 27· . 'J I Kinangop , .-. 1 . I . i ·: r 35 Total 2 18 270 Source: Ministry of Health, 01 Kalou, 1996 ,. L : • .; \ ' t : '-" 1 I T.here are only two doctors, 18 clinical officers and 270 nurses based in the Government owned hospital at 01 Kalou. Considering that the estimated population of the district (1996) is 387,000 people, the doctor/population ratio in the district is very low. As a result, a large number of the district's population seek medical services from neighbouring hospitals at Nyahururu, Naivasha and Nakuru . .. . - - . WELFARE INDICATORS l . • . • ' I i f • .,. _ This section describes the major welfare indicators which determine the standards of living of the population. These include employment levels,· income levels, income sources and distribution, infant mortality rate; disease incidence; nutrition and food availability. Employment Levels \ I , I The district's labour is estimated to be 201,812 which is about 45% of the total population. In order to serve the rest of the population, this labour force must be gainfully employed. This therefore calls for serious efforts aimed at job creation in __ · the district especially in the industrial sector without ignoring agrjculture/Livestoc~ · sector which will play a key role in provision of food, raw materials for industries as well as incomes. ~ ' The distribution of the district's labour force will largely be dictated by economic . activities. Currently, about 15% of the estimated labour force is engaged in -.vage ·• 1 employment, with a big portion of this being in the public sector. The main·.- • employers in the private sector are in the rural areas where small and large scale farms, quarrying and saw-milling are situated. The commercial business and the informal sectors in urban areas absorb around 7% of the labour force. However, the bulk of the labour force is absorbed in the agriculturalil ivestock sector. The labour force in Nyandarua District is not highly skilled for the desired industrial development activities. Over 60% are unskilled and semi-skilled cadre, only suitable for farming, mining, saw-milling and retail trading activities which are common in the district. 43 · Incomes The district is essentially suitable for agricultural and livestock activities. Therefore the value of the crops and livestock produced in the district largely determine the level of incomes for the population. . Agriculture/Livestock Production: Most of the population in the district derive their livelihood either directly or indirectly from agricultural and livestock production activities. Table 1.24 shows the values of agricultural crops for the period 1991 to 1995. The trend of crop production values between 1991 and 1995 indicates a general rise in incomes up to 1994. However, due to unfavourable weather conditions in 1994/95 production values fell sharply for almost all crops. The most affected crops were maize, potatoes and cabbages whose production is normally above average in the district. Any change in production on these products affect the whole district's income level and hence the welfare pf the population. Table 1.24 CroQ Production Estimated Value Trend {K£m} 1991-1995 Crop 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Maize 5.6 11.5 10.0 10.0 9.10 Wheat 2.0 2.7 3.9 3 .64 3.9 Potatoes 15.4 16.4 23.9 38.5 19.2 Cabbages 4.3 5.0 2.5 8.5 3.7 Carrots 0.9 0.7 0.1 1.3 0.6 Onions 0 .7 0 .2 0.13 0.07 0.12 Fruit 0.8 0.7 0.75 0.5 0 .19 Peas 3.1 0 .5 0.4 2.3 1.5 Beans 0.6 0.8 i.4 2.4 1.9 Pyrethrum 3 .2 3.7 4.8 3.20 3 .6 Total Income 36.6 42 .2 47.e~ 71.41 43.27 Source: District Agriculture Office, OI Kalou, 1996 Table 1.25 shows the trend of livestock and livestock products estiamted values between 1991 and 1995. 44 Table 1.25 Livestock and Livestock-products Estimated Values 1991-1995(K£m) Product 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Dairy cattle 0 .90 2.46 3.39 1.40 2 .69 Milk 34.26 0.47 16.20 20.07 27.98 Beef(cattlel 1.40 2.50 1.45 2.77 4.77 Sheep(mutton) 0 .62 1.21 0 .77 0.87 1.91 Wool 0 .28 0 .02 0 .50 0.84 0.85 Poultry 0.70 0 .11 0 .25 0.25 0.41 Rabbits 0 .01 0 .04 0.01 O.Ql 0.02 Honey 0.12 0.02 0 .18 0.20 0.25 Total Income (K£ml 37.66 6.83 22.75 26.41 38.88 Source: District Livestock Production Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 Incomes from Livestock activities rose from 1991 to 1995 except in 1994 when they gradually fell due to an acute spell of drought. There is potential for higher incomes from Livestock Industry if the right incentives for production and processing of the produce are promoted. Wage Earnings: The public Service Sector contributes the largest proportion of formal wage earnings in the district. These include wag~s earned from the Central Government, Parastatal Institutions and Local Authorities. Other wage earnings are from the large farm employment. There are about 982 large farms (i.e. those above 1 5 hectares) mainly in 01 Kalou and Kinangop Divisions which employ an average of 8 labourers, each earning an average of Kshs.800 per month. These farms therefore are the second major absorbers of labour in the district and contribute significantly to the total wage earnings. Other sources of wage earnings include private sector employment which is mainly concentrated in urban areas and market centres. This include those undertaking retail° and wholesale, and hotel and restaurants related businesses . and those employed in financial institutions. The Informal Sector: The informal sector in Nyandarua District is underdeveloped, absorbing only about .6% of the estimated labour force. There is however no existing accurate data on income earned from this sector. . . Nevertheless, the sector plays an increasingly important role in,he contribution of incomes in the district. Its activities are concentrated in urban end market centres. Its activities are such as motor vehicle and bicycle repairs, hairdressing and cloth vending among others. Distribution of Income The distribution of income mainly depends on the degree of intensity of agriculture and livestock production activities. In this respect, Kinangop Division has the highest income in view of the fact that it has the highest record of high value cash ·45 crops. The division also derives high earnings from dairy farming and sheep t rearing. 01 Kalou and Kipipiri Divisions are also well-off in agricultural and livestock I ' activities, although to a less extent. The general implication here is that in the three divisions of Kinangop, 01 Kalou and Kipipiri, househo,d income levels are fairly high compared to the two other divisions of 01 Joro 0rok and Ndaragwa where agricultural and commercial activities are not well developed. The three divisions also happen to be inhabited by the largest population. Nyandarua District has about four categories of income groups. The first group comprises squatters and peasant farmers who own_ two acres of land and below. The other group is made of farmers who own between 5 and 10 acres of land, most of whom are plot owners in the schemes with low capital. The third are the farmers owning between 15 and 100 acres of land, most of whom are either members of Co-operative Societies· or companies with well managed farms. The fourth group consists of very few wealthy farmers who have financial and managerial capacities required for successful development of large farms. These usually have large farms and ranches (over 100 acres) and have the highest income from agricultural and livestock activities. · _ · · · • ' ~ • ' • •, I • • • 'I • I • I :l .) o ~ ! - • Infant Mortality Rates (IMR) ·r During the 1989 ~ 93 Plan Peri~d, the district's infant mortality rate averaged 34 ·.• deaths for every 1,000 live births which was a remarkable improvement compared to the average of 103 deaths for every 1,000 live births recorded during the r preceding Plan Period (1983 - 1988). Between 1992 and 1994 the IMR increased to an average of 37.6 deaths per 1,000 live births rising, further in 1995 to 52 per 1000. . . . ".._ • \ . ~, J . ~ L : ' • • 1 • ·_ .. I , However, compared to the national average Qf 74 deaths per 1,000 infants, the general position of IMR in the district is still impressive. There is however need for the district to address itself to the factors that led to the increase between 1992 and 1995. The main causes of the ilV1R in the district are pneumonia and malaria. The district will need to address itself to prevention of these diseases. I... f 1 Disease Incidence The major diseases in the district include upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). skin diseases, malaria, intestinal worms diarrhoea and pneumonia .. Table·· 1.26 shows the major diseasr::s and the out-patient attendance trend betwe~ri 1 992 and 1995, in f~y;,mfar1;;, Di5trict . . .: - • t ... '.' 46 .I .._;. ,. . Table 1.26 I • l,J, 1 • , n Major Top Ten Diseases and Out-Patient Attendance 1992- 1995 ·. , • Disease 1992 1993 1994 1995 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) 179,259 111,459 73,558 151 ,692 Malaria 50,593 37,890 43,777 50,400 Skin Diseases including Ulcers 58,135 29;142 28,998 34,964 Accident related including Fractures and Burns 17,303 17,250 12,581 16,268 Diarrhoeal Diseases 21,329 14,955 I 11,462 12,414 Dental Disorders 10,465 7,782 8,331 12,204 ' Eye Infections 16,728 12,936 5,484 10,460 Rheumatism Joint Pains 10,463 14,451 5,226 8,908 Intestinal Worms _25,713 13,350 12,661 18,410 Pneumonia 10,384 7,164 2,112 8,714 Source: M.O.H., 01 Kalou, 1996. . _, :, , , It is shown in table 1.26 that there has been a general decline in the reported cases of the major ten diseases in the district. This could be attributed to the intensification of control measures undertaken through Primary Health Care Programmes and reduction of illiteracy levels. - · · -~ ~ .-.~ The table further illustrate·s that URTI, Malaria,· and skin diseases including ulcers are the diseases with the highest incidence level in the district. These diseases account for over 50% of the incidences of reported diseases. Water borne diseases ( . such as diarrhoeal and eye infections average 15,000 cases annually and are more ' prevalent in areas with poor water supply such asNdaragwa, Kipipiri and Kinangop : Divisions. • - · ~ · ' · · . ' .. ' : ' ~ . . .. . t ,., ... . ~' ]1 ', • \ . ·,. , ·· Nutrition · • .. r"'t. I".-':::);,...., . ,;Ii ( 1:~I f~. : ; ~. • f •, 1 • • 1) .._ I , : Cases ·of acute malnutrition are not quite ·common: Occurrence of malnutrition : cases differs from one year to another depending on the seasonal food crop yields. · : The most vulner~ble groups to malnutrition are the squatters and the landless who · are frequently faced with food deficiencies. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are the main results of malnutrition as shown in Table 1.27. Table 1.27 · .,,._-, - · : ~ '~--'' .oi:.> ·. 11 · 0 · · Year Kwashiorkor Marasmua 1992 . -· 315 427 1993 365 · r. • 3 38 1994 463 409 1995 357 'I\' lnl)r,-• qr,t • 471 Source: M.O.H. 01 Kalou, 1996. 47 From table 1.27, it is noted that there were no significant changes in the trend of malnutrition in the district. This situation indicates that the desired action intended to reduce ·malnutrition levels during the 1994 - 1996 Plan Period were not put in place and will need to be addressed during this plan period. Food Availability Food availability is critical especially for feeding the population as well as a source of raw materials for agro-based industries. Table 1.Z8 shows quantities of crop · production and the surplus/ deficits of major food stuffs in 1991 and 1995. I Table 1.28 Food Situation 1991 and 1995 Production (tones) Quantities for Self-sufficiency Balance (Surplus/Deficit (tones) (tones) Food stuff 1991 1995 1991 1995 1991 1995 Maize . 33,431 32,659 42,000 12,080 -8,569 -8, 165 Beans 2,012 1,692 40,824 5,145 -3,238 -2,707 Potatoes 154,427 191,737 5,250 3,106 144,672 179,657 Veg./Fruits 88,341 53,560 4,399 18,200 83,196 50,454 Milk 126,828 117,810 9 ,800 16,965 108,628 100,845 Source: District Agriculture Office, 01 Kalou, 1996. The district had a deficit in cereal food cro·ps. while it was self sufficient in horticultural and milk produce where it recorded surplus. This implies that increase in maize and beans productiotl in the district is wanting while the trend for horticultural and milk should continue if nutritional levels are to be improved. The occurrence of deficit for maize and beans means that the district had to get food from other sources. The bulk of these imports comes from the neighbouring Laikipia and Nakuru Districts. As such, the inter-district trade plays a significant , role in the district's food availability. The same happens to horticultural and milk produce where the district is a major supplier to the neighbouring districts and beyond. Social Dimensions of Development The introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programmes have, in the short run, resulted in reduced provision of basic needs and services through the institution of cost-sharing in services such as health and education.The structural reforms have also led to loss of jobs; erosion of purchasing power; and removal/reduction of government subsidies in many important areas. It is for this reason that the Social Dimensions of Development {SOD) Programme has been introduced to ensure that while the economy is being put back on a firm growth path, there is need to put 48 in place programmes targeted at those marginalized by market forces as well as vulnerable groups who have been hardest hit by the SAPs. In particular, the groups targeted in the SDD programmes in the district are the landless; women, especially some female-headed households; children; school leavers; the elderly; small scale farmers; the handicapped and the unemployed. Appropriate projects, which will heavily rely upon local community participation , have been identified for implementation in order to cushion these vulnerable groups. The projects so far identified relate to: Welfare and Basic Services: These will target the women and children and the very poor in both urban and rural areas. This will be done through Immunization Programmes; Nutrition Support Programmes; School Feeding Programme and Urban Upgrading Programme. ' Skills Development: To enhance skills development among the poor through provision· of primary school text books and Secondary Schools Bursary Scheme. Employment and Job Creation: Support development of Jua Kali Sector via the expansion of Informal Sector Programme; Technical Training in Jua Kali Sector and Revolving Loan Scheme for Informal Sector. Rural Development: To identify and implement projects which improve the living standards of small scale farmers especially in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL), emphasis will be in the rehabilitation of dams, pans and other water resources; Settlement schemes for landless and Rural Access Roads Programme. Environment: Environmental degradation, which is a function of poverty will be addressed through development of "Kuni-Saving Jikos" to conserve the environment; Agro-Forestry activities including on-farm tree planting; Soil erosion prevention programmes and improvement of agriculture and Pollution and solid waste management. Security and Public Administration: On the notion that no development can be achieved under insecurity, certain activities have been identified under SOD: i.e. improvement in public security facilities and strengthening Extra-Mural penal employment. • . ' SUPPORTING DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS Institutional support is very critical for the development process. This section describes the major institutions that support development in Nyandarua District. These include the District Development Committee and its sub-committees; Local Authorities; Voluntary Agencies; Regional"Authorities and other parastat~ls; Ban'ks and Non-Bank Financial Institutions and the Cooperatives. 49 ;; " The District Development Committee {DOC) and its Sub-Committees The District Development Committee, as the overall decision making body on r-. · development matters, will be expected to play a leading role in supporting the ' , provision of an environment which will be conducive to the setting up of industries in the district. The DOC will assume much responsibility in promoting public and private investments in activities related to industrial development, especially agro- ( based industries. , ..: , · . : .. . ... ' .. ' I • • The DOC has been very active in ensuring adequate utilization of public facilities by effecting control measures aimed at regulating the quantity and encouraging the quality of the facilities. The objective here is to ensure that the existing facilities ,.. are fully utilized before new ones are introduced, so as to minimize under-utilizat_ion , , of available facilities. ~,· . ·,: ~- · In an effort geared towards promoting investment in industrial related projects, the DOC has been keen in granting the requests by prospective entrepreneurs for .establishing industries when found viable and fitting in the district's interests. On many occasions, some of the investors have even requested for land to set up the ~ industries anp the DOC has been positive where the required land is available. In \ l, the existing and upcoming urban and market centres, lhe DOC has ensured that an industrial zone is set aside in every centre during the preparation of physical plans. •~ The DOC · works in collaboration with its sub-committees., These inc_lude the / ! · Divisional Development . Committees (DVDC), the . Locational . Development / , -. Committees and the Sub-locational Development committees. The community input and participation in development is through these committees which start at grassroots level. These committees will therefore be expected .to continue playing 1 a key role in the development of the district. . · · , . ·· .., , · 1 .. , •• _ . : _ _ l . ·, ._ The DOC also works together with special purpose sub-committees. These are t committees dealing with specific areas. They include District Executive Committee; the District Water Board; D.E.B.; Children's Advisory Committee; District Agricultural Committee; District Land Control Board; District Food Security ,._, Committee and· the newly established Social Dimensions of Development . , Committee, among others . . · . , 1 •• · , •, , • , -. •. • ' 1 . . ..• t • ,· • I ;, ,,., '. ..:; "": '•,• • t !: - District Executive Committee {D.E.C): This Committee is the technical arm of the DOC. In addition to fulfilling its role of advising the DOC on various development issues, the committee has been monitoring, evaluating and supervising development activities undertaken by various development agencies in the district. ,, · District Planning Unit (DPU): .The major role of the DPU is to serve as a secretariat .. · to the District Executive Committee for the day-to-day coordination of planning and I , implementation of all development activities in the district. The unit is responsible ·· for the overview and updating of the district development strategies and objectives. The unit is also responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a District : · 50 1: Information and Documentation CeAtre (DIDC) which acts as an information source for the district. • ~ , District Agricultural Committee (DAC):. This committee is responsible . for interpretation, advise and implementation of policies related to agriculture. , Nyandarua being a predominantly agricultural district, the committee has been very active. It has been responsible for promotion of all aspects related to food and animal production including organizing agricultural shows every year. . The regularity of meetings varied from four to six times per year. This committee will be expected to play a vital role in promoting activities of agriculture and livestock · sectors as sources of raw materials for industries as well as source of food for the population. ,, '' r! ,,.,• . _ ., .;.·,·;:Jl:J .:•;, :,,l.: )''1< 1 J'l District Health Management Team: This committee ensures that promotion of health care is enhanced in the district. One of the tasks undertaken by the committee is to implement and regulate the cost-sharing policy in health centres. Other responsibilities include all aspects of improving health standards in the district. District Education Board: This committee is responsible for all matters partaining to the improvement of education standards in the district. · The committee has been very active in overseeing establishment of new education facilities and , . · supervising improvement of the existing institutions. . . Education, is vital for industrialization and _as such this committee will be expected to improve on its activities during this plan period. - . . - .• f' f • I ,, District Land Control Board: -. This committee has been decentralized · to the divisional level to facilitate better decision making on matters related to land. The · Board has been operating on regular basis . .. The Board meets once every month. The board will be expected to play a crucial role in i11dustrial development of the district. · . ·. .: . • ..... w ,· • • . . i • District Joint Loan Board: ,: Availability of funds is very crucial for industrial development. The activities of this committee have often been curtailed by unavailability of adequate . funds for .. disbursement . to traders as loans. Nevertheless, the board has been discharging its duties whenever this facility is ": available. -· , .... ,_:.·. -,1· ~ - .-.~~•::, .-,:: }:_, .,,., ,., , .. , • J - - · .. , ~)': .:,. -r, .,: ·,!·:·-:, _., ~.~_,! ·.~ t - · :~,,·'~·---: .... ,. .. ,~:c ,~ ·;,:J.r•.~~ .;_,'-'(..'" . •. District Water Management Committee:-n, ,This -.committee I is · responsible , for implementing policies related to water, and particularly regulating and advising on the management and utilization of water resources.J The committee has been very 1-· • active since it was· inaugurated. :..;,· ;_;,-: ,, 1 - •• , 11 - , , , · , ,.~ ~,)l·, :1: ' ..> 1c• f:• ' . ~ . ,,-~ ,: . ) - I ,. • c. I :;, , .. 1· . n '. , I • ,. ~,. I ·J ~ ;: ... . r1 . I/ , ) : ,. • I ' The committee is also responsible. for ~nfo~cing ~oli~ie.s ~n 'p-~;~er-~a~io~ of environment and water catchment areas. It has been undertaking measures to protect the existing dams, rivers and other water resources through public education on management of these facilities. This committee will be required to 51 improve its activities to ·ensure adequate and accessible water for industrial activities in the district. < District Food Security Committee: The major role of this committee is to monitor I and assess food production, and to supervise the supply, storage, marketing and ., , distribution within the district. This committee has been active especially during the dry seasons when a few parts of the district experience shortages of food. Due to its strategic role, the committee will be expected to boost its activities during the plan period. District Tender Board: The committee is responsible for enforcing procedures for procuring goods and services by government in the district. The committee meets regularly to deliberate on matters related to tenders and disposal of government stores. Local Authorities The district has two Local· Government Authorities. These are:- 01 Kalou Town Council: The OI Kalou Town is now the district headquarters. It is situated at, approximately the centre of the district in OI Kalou Division off the Gilgil-Nyahururu road: _It occupies a total area of 371 square kilometres and has seven council wards. Among the major development services that the council has undertaken are slaughter slabs, housing, conservancy, maintenance of access roads, and Nursery school facilities. The council has designated specific areas for siting of industries. Some of the plots have already been allocated to prospective investors through the DOC. Nyandarua County Council: The County Council covers the rest of the district excluding 01 Kalou Town Council. It has 18 council wards. The Council has undertaken various development activities in conjunction with various government departments. These activities include maintenance of rural access roads, provision of sewerage and sanitary facilities in trading centres, establishment of site and service markets, rehabilitation of public dams, establishment of rental housing schemes and provision of Nursery school facilities. In each of the market centres, across the district, the council has made appropriate physical development plans in which specific areas hav,:! been reserved tor industrial activities. Allocation of plots within these areas is considered throogh the DOC. 52 Voluntary Agencies A part from the government departments, local authorities and parastatals operating within the district, there are a few development oriented voluntary agencies that contribute immensely to the development of the district. These agencies supplement the government's and self-help development initiatives. The continued involvement of NGOs in the district during the 1997 - 2001 Plan Period will be. an added advantage in the industrialization process. Their participation in ·p rovision of water and health facilities, technical skills, food production and education, among others, will be an important input in the endeavours of the district to promote industrial growth. Some of the voluntary agencies are: Canadian Hunger Foundation (CHF): The major broad objective of the foundation is to assist organized groups that are involved in rural development by focusing on food production, water supply, security, and to help the communities served by these facilities to achieve self-reliance. The CHF has participated in the development of the district by assisting self-help water societies with both technical skills and facilities. Kenya Red Cross Society: The society's main areas of operation are those related to primary health care, immunization and spring protection works, mainly in 01 Joro 0rok Division. I Pride International: Tnis concentrates on the Promotion of Rural Initiatives and Development Enterprises (PRIDE). The operations of this organization involve identification and advancement of credit .facilities to people carrying out income generating activities at very low interest rates. This aspect of the programme is very crucial in promoting industrial activities in the district. Plan International Kenya: The main areas of operation of this organization include food . production, health care, provision of water and education facilities. It has already identified Ndaragwa Division for its development activities. U.S. Peace Corps Volunteer Service: The activities of the U.S. Peace Corps in the district include small water projects like roof harvesting, water tanks and springs protection, tree nurseries and technical education in Youth Polytechnics: These activities have contributed a lot to the general development of the district. Child Welfare Society of Kenya: This society has been participating in the promotion of education in the district by sponsoring children from poor families to schools. ) I Women in Development: Its activities involve training. of women leaders and women groups in leadership, identification, planning and management skills of business activities undertaken by women. Churches: The churches have made substantial contributions in the development of the district through their participation in various activities. Notable among the churches is the Catholic Mission which has established and operates a number of health facilities and education institutions within the district. One. of the m;3jor institutions is Engineer Hospital in Kinangop Division which is one of the fWO hospitals in the district. Other major churches include the Church of the Province of Kenya (CPK), the .African l~land Church (AIC), Seventh Day Adventist (SDA), Full Gospel /Churches of Kenya, and Presbyterian Church of East Africa (PCEA). These have· also participated in the promotion of social welfare and provision of i '-- social service facilities. 0T • 1 I 1 '""' r • I i Harambee Movement I : The Harambee movement has contributed substantially to the development of the district, especially in provision of social and economic infrastructure such as schools, health and Youth Polytechnics which have been successfully constructed through harambee activities. '' · I ; ·' J I : • '· I Over the years, the impact of harambee movement on the development of the district has become more recognized. For example the 8:4:4 System of Education required a lot of capital development in terms of workshops and tools which would not have beerCsuccessfully achieved without contributions through harambee. Many health facilities had been planned and could not be implemented ·solely from government financing without organizing people to contribute cash and materials. Other facilities like cattle dips, community halls, Water projects and women group projects (e.g. posho mills, housing projects and commercial houses) were also _ realized through harambee. · - ·· ·,. • • I ' • ; • , • , t i ' ~ . . . ' , • . The harambee spirit will be relied upon during 1997-2001 plan period to facilitate realization of industrial development. There is however need to improve on the management of harambee contributions to ensure that implementation of the . intended projects is not hindered by misappropriation of the funds. Regional Authorities and Other Major Parastatals t- The only regional Authority in the district is the Ewaso Ngiro South Development Authority. , ·, , Ewaso Ngiro South Development Authority: ··· The Authority undertakes overall planning, co-ordination and implementing development projects and programmes within entire catchment area of all the rivers draining into Ewaso Ngiro South River in Narok District, and all the other catchment areas situated within Narok, Kajiado, most of the Nakuru District and parts of Nyandarua District. · ► - rt • • ! \ ,, • •: I • • I ,. ._ I The Authority's priorities will revolve around · provision of the necessary development impetus to enable the communities within the area to improve their \ 54 general standards of living and to increase their production capacity in both crop J and livestock. This will also increase employment opportunities and be able to - exploit the vast potential of the available resources in the area. I Kenya Power and Lighting Company: The district is covered under the Rural ' Electrification Programme. The programme has so far covered some parts of OI Joro Orok, OI Kalou, Kinangop and Ndaragwa Divisions. Ndaragwa and Kipipiri · ' Divisional headquarters and most of the hinterland are yet to be covered. Increased coverage will boost industrial activities. · ' · . · <• ·. · · ' ,, •. r I Kenya Railways: Nyandarua is served by Gilgil - Nyahururu railway line. · This · ' ·facility supplements the road communication and is particularly convenient for transportation of bulky goods to and from the district to other parts of the country that are served by rail. The line will play a key role especially in transportation of '1 industriaf inputs and outputs. ~. · I \ r • . •• Kenya Posts and Telecommunication: All divisional headquarters are accessible by telephone except Kinangop which is not served by STD Systems. A number of · rural trading centres have also been installed with this communication facility .- ·, · However improvement in coverage and quality will be requir_ed over the plan period · -, to boost industrial development. · · ? • r •·• ,_. • ; - Pyrethrum Board of Kenya: The board is responsible for promotion and marketing of pyrethrum production in the district. . The district has a lot of potential for ') pyrethrum growing but it requires to intensify extension services to farmers in order to encourage them to increase acreage • as well as improve · the quality. 1 Establishment of suitable industries will also be encouraged .- · . .- ., ' ,( · : · 1 '· •. ~J ' • 1. Agricultural Financial Corporation (AFC): The corporation plays an important role of extending loans to farmers, enabling them to increase agricultural and livestock ' production. This facility can contribute significantly to the increase in farm outputs which will increase raw materials for industries ." ' · · · : i". · , ... r. I Banks and non-Bank Financial Institutions There are various types of sources of finance that exist in the district which would promote industrial investment by making financial resou~ces accessible to prospectiv~ investors. 1 Commercial Banks are the most common sources of finance in the district. They are ·p articularly popular with investors in commercial activities and small scale industrial establishments. These include the Kenya Commercial Bank; Co-operative Bank of Kenya and Standard Bank. Non-Bank Financial Institutions serve a small number of people in th·e district since they are not well known. They are however potential sources of finance for commercial and industrial activities. They include Industrial and Commercial I 55 Development Corporation (ICDC); Kenya Industrial Estates (KIE); Revolving Loan Scheme (of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry). Co-operative Movement There are different types of Cu-operative Societies that operate in the district. Farm buying co-operatives are involved in purchase of large farms on behalf of their members. The farms are then sub-divided and members are allocated land according to the number of shares they have each bought. The enterprising members use the title deeds for their plots as collateral to acquire financial resources for commercial and industrial ventures. Marketing Co-operatives related to produce marketing of crops and dairy produce are the most dominant in the district. Their activities are essentially to market crop and dairy produce on behalf of their members. The well managed co-operatives often get loans from the District Co-operative Union (Banking Section) to financ_e operational facilities, purchase of farm inputs and provide credit/loan facilities to their members. In effect, these co-operatives :::. have capability to mobilize finances to invest in industrial development. Their members have also access to the sources of finance which they can use in commercial and industrial ventures. Savings and Credit Co-operatives (SACCO) are mainly formed by salaried personnel in both public and private sector. Their role is to collect money from their members and save on their behalf._T hey then give loans from the savings to their members on request. SACCO societies have a high capability of mobilizing adequate finances for the establishment of industries. They are also a good source of finances for their · members who borrow from them to venture into commercial and small scale industrial activities. 56 . \ CHAPTER TWO CONSTRAINTS AND STRATEGIES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION INTRODUCTION Chapter one gives a picture of the district's geographical background, resources and potential for industrialization as well as the institutions that are expected to support sustainable industrialization in the district. This chapter will identify the major constraints that hold back the district's industrial growth and accordingly propose realistic strategies that will be pursued to remove these constraints. MAJOR CONSTRAINTS The major constraints to development are inadequate infrasvucture, underdeveloped human resources, underdeveloped and inadequate local raw materials, poor marketing and inaccebility to credit facilities. Inadequate Infrastructural Facilities Roads: Well maintained road network is the most urgently needed infrastructure in the district if the industrial and general development will be achieved. Roads in the district become impassable especially during the rainy seasons making them unmotorable. This adversely affects transportation of farm inputs and produce, especially fertilizers, seeds, milk, and horticultural produce which are expected to be the major raw materials for industrialization. The divisions with worst roads are Kinangop and Kipipiri. Energy Supply: At present, only about 30 per cent of the district is served wi•' electricity through Rural Electrification Programme. Despite the district ha numerous grO\\ ing urban centres, only a few of these in 01 Joro Orok, 01 Kai, Ndarag\\ a and Kinangop Divisions are supplied with electricity. This, therefore . holds bach. tt,e growth of industries in most trading centres, especially the Jua Kali Sector. Water: The district lacks adequate and easily accessible sources of water, es~'e1..· i.,II\ ri\ ers and natural dams. Where these occur, the terrain makes it t''\tremel\ diffi(:ult to harness the water for supply to urban areas where industrial de>\ c>k'~'merH is \ iable. The major sources of \\'ater are boreholes and man-made d.,ms \\ h i1..·h ,,re too expensive to maintain . Posts and Telecommunication: The postal and telephone network in the district is lh't .,d c'll u., te. All the division headquarters . are served with telephone facilities, l1 ut llh.'St 1.if the smaller trading centres ha\·e no telephone services. Kinangop di, is11..1 11.,I headquarters does not have STD facility. Postal services are also lacking in 1111.,st sm.=ill market centres. •·· .59 Underdeveloped Human Resources The district has an inadequately developed human resources. Although the district has adequate formal primary and secondary eduqation facilities, it lacks technical institutions which are necessary for imparting relevant skills for industrialization. In view of inadequate training institutions, and lack of the necessary learning tools and equipments, the capacity to adopt and apply appropriate technology relevant to industrial development is lacking . Although the district has adequate health facilities the human resource is adversely affected by inadequate medical personnel, equipment and proper maintenance of the existing facilities. Therefore, the labour force is faced withhigh disease inidences that hamper the productivity of labour~ Inadequate and Poorly Development Local Raw Materials for Industrialization The district is primarily agricultural and is famous for its high production of horticultural produce. If properly exploited, the district is even capable of increasing the existing production base and contribute towards industrial development. If exploited, such investment will create employment opportunities, generate higher incomes and consequently lead to improvement of the standards of living for the local people. The district is one of the highest milk producing areas in the country. Most of the milk is sold to the Kenya Co-operative Creameries for industrial processing. Two individual entrepreneurs have recently established small scale plants but their levels of processing is too low that the industry remains largely unexploited. The district has potential for wood related industries. It has big area under forest which is a good source of raw materials to~ the manufacture of say furniture, pencils and construction products. However the problem is management and regulation of forests as sources of raw materials. '. I 1 1 Poor Marketing System Higher production of agriculture and livestock products, which are the major activities of the district are often inhibited by lack of a properly organized marketing system, poor marketing skills, lack of sufficient marketing information and unorganized transportation system. The co-operative movement which mostly handles these products is poorly managed and lacks sufficient capacity to market the products. Currently, most agricultural and livestock products are sold to middlemen at farm gate prices. In most cases these prices are far less than prevailing market prices. Farmers lack exposure on prices outside their homesteads. The middlemen are mainly from Nairobi and neighbouring districts. 60 Inaccessibility to Credit Lack of credit in the district is mainly attributed to lack of know how on the part of the farmers and traders on how to obtain credit from lending institutions. This is despite the fact that there are many institutions operating within the district. This situation has affected the general development of the district since the potential investors have no capital which they would inject to contribute to industrial development. The aspect of lack of collateral also has an effect on low credit especially to traders and small scale industrialists. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES The identified constraints that hamper industrialization in the district will be the main basis upon which the next five-year development strategy will be based. The strategy will, as much as possible, address itself to major priority constraints to development and lay ways in which they will be tackled during the plan period. Improvement of the Infrastructural Facilities Roads: The problem of poor roads in the district will require utmost attention during the next five years if any meaningful industrial and general development will be achieved. The existing classified roads will require major facelift while a more lasting solution will be sought to improve access roads. · Grading programme on the classified roads is a regular exercise. Despite the regularity in which this activity is carried out, these roads remain in pathetic conditions and become impassable during the rainy seasons. In an effort to make these roads all weather, the District Development Committee (DOC) will petition Public Works Department to gravel all the roads in the district and relevant prioritization has been drawn. The gravelling exercise is already under way and has been progra_mmed through the plan period. . For access roads which lead to the interior of the rural areas, and which are commonly referred to as "milk roads" within the district, major rehabilitation and improvement will be re~uired to make them passable during wet periods. This activity has been going on under minor roads improvement programme and is expected to continue in the next five years. These roads arecbeing improved jointly by both public works department and the county council. . . . Energy: Energy will be one of the most needed provisions during the next five years to promote industrial and general development of the district. The District Development Committee (DOC) has already put in place the priorities for rural electrification which have been given to the Kenya Power and Lighting for 61 implementation during the plan period. Once supply of electricity is effected as prioritized by the DOC, prospects for improved and rapid industrial growth will be high over ~he next five years. Water: During the plan period, a major capital input will be required to develop an effective water supply system for industrialization and other development needs. Priority will be to provide piped water to 01 Kalou District Headquarters and other established urban centres where industrial development is expected to take place. A plan of action for provision of water to suppo~t industrial growth has been printed. The plan calls for intensification of the on-going water programmes, protection and good management of dams and rehabilitation of the numerous boreholes that are expected to serve as supplementary water sources. Telecommunications: In an effort to ensure all trading and market centres are sufficiently supptied with postal and telephone services, the Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation has developed an elaborate plan of action for implementation during the plan period. The plan includes both improving telephone services to S.T.D. systems in these centres anc.1 the establishment of postal offices. Provision of these services will significantly contribute to improvement of communication conducive to industrialization ~:fr"6cess. Development of Human Resources ·.in view of lack of developed human resources in the district , the district has laid elaborate plan of action which addresses itself to this constraint. Adequate arrangements have been finalized to establish a technical institution which should be fully operational and effectively producing the needed human resources within the plan period. A programme has been made to revamp the existing youth polytechnics through provision of equipment relevant to the training needs required for the industrialization process. Priority will be given to building the necessary cap~city in Human Resource Development, to adapt to the desired industrialization and application of the appropriate technologies for industrial development. Priority in the district will be inclined more towards agro-based, livestock related industrialization and small scale industrial growth especially the jua kali sector. • Quality health services are a~ important component of industrial development. The industrialization process in the district will, therefore, require a higher degree of provision of such services particularly within industrial centres to ensure that workers have good health. Plans have been made to improve the existing health facilities through provision of the necessary staff, medicines and equipments. 62 Development of Local Raw Materials for Industrial Use The district has a comparative advantage in the production of agricultural and livestock products that can be used as inputs in the agro-based industries and for tanning of leather. There are also raw materials for building and construction industries. In the next five years, much emphasis will be laid on increased production of agricultural and livestock outputs to satisfy the demand for local industries. Preservation facilities for milk and horticultural produce will be established to ensure constant supply of raw materials to locally developed industries. Improvement of Marketing Systems There will be need to improve marketing systems for the locally produced raw materials and also industrial products. This will call for identification of market channels and market information on pricing and quality. Major restructuring and overhaul of the marketing co-operative societies and improvemen~ of transportation systems will be emphasized. There will also be need to expand market to other districts as well as promote exportation of cut-flower and other horticultural produce. Improvement of Accessibility to Credit Development of industrial sector in the district will heavily depend on the availability of the required capital. There will, therefore, be need to educate and inform potential local investors on how to obtain loans from lending institutions. Workshops and seminar_s will be conducted through the Department of Commerce and Industry for the local business community, jua kali artisans and farmers . .I ssuance of letters of allotment and title deeds which are used as collateral will need to be speeded up. 63 CHAPTER THREE SECTORAL POLICIES AND DISTRICT SPECIFIC PROJECTS PROJECTIONS AND PROGRAMMES INTRODUCTION Having laid down the district's setting for industrial transformation in chapter one and identified the major constraints and desired strategies for industrialization in chapter two, it now becomes necessary to provide the plan of action on how the district will achieve this industrial transformation. It is worthwhile to note that industrial transformation calls for an overall growth in all sectors particularly a dynamic agriculture and livestock sector to provide raw materials and market for the industrial products. The government, donors, local communities and the non-governmental organizations will continue to provide the necessary infrastructures such as roads, water, health, education and creating an enabling environment for the private sector to participate fully in-' inpustrial transformation of the district. Through the Social Dimensions of Development Programme, issues of poverty are addressed so I · that all members of the community are allowed to actively participate in development. In selecting and prio•ritising projects and programmes for implementation during the 1997 - 2001 plan period, and the DDC has ensured that only those projects and programmes which are consistent with the national policy and sectoral objectives and are generally relevant to the district potentials and needs are included in this plan. This has, accordingly, been done with reference to the priorities contained in Sessional Paper No.1 of 1986 on Economic Management for Renewed Growth and the Public Investment Programme which will continue to determine the overall allocation of public expenditures .during the ne~t five years. AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING Sectoral Policy Objectives \ The objectives of the sector are meant to enhance agricultural and livestock production, marketing and processing, land use and development, soil conservation, as well as survey and control of locusts through:- The formulation and implementation of appropriate livestock and agricultural policies and services; The provision, to the farming community of education and extension messages that promote crop and livestock production, soil and water conservation as well as efficient land use. The co-ordination and provision of agricultural credit, and agro-chemir.als such as fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides; 67 The control of crop pests at both pre-harvest and post harvest stages as well as providing grain storage facilities The formulation and implementation of projects that contribµte to overall agricultural and livestock development; The development of rangelands and range resources; Livestock disease surveillance, control and treatment; Production and marketing of a wide range of food crops and livestock products to feed the nation; Production for export to earn the foreign exchange needed for payment of imports; Provision of raw materials for local industries; Ensuring that food stuffs are geographically distributed so that all members • of the population have a nutritionally adequate diet throughout the year. Ensuring efficient and effective management of food '• I • Review of 1994 - 1996 Plan Period Department of Agriculture The major achievements realised over the period under review are summaries in Table 3.1 Table 3.1 Achievements Under Extension Activities Activities Ndaragwa 01 Joro Orok Ol'Kalou Kipipiri Kinangop No. of farm visits 12,693 14,880 51,159 9,000 29,595 No. of group visits (W/Groups) 501 1,290 2,925 156 1,503 4K Clubs, Young Farmers etc No. of Division Supervisions 162 111 159 30 146 No. of monthly Training 18 18 18 18 36 Sessions for T AS No. of Residential courses for 6 4 4 4 8 Ext. staff Farmers 7 7 7 5 10 No. of Education tours for Ext. 3 4 3 3 6 staff Farmers 5 1 No. of field days and 69 54 912 173 306 demonstrations Source: District Agriculture Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 Transport remained a major limiting factor at both district and divisional levels, as it constrained the implementation of some of the planned activities. · Under soil and water conservation Programme the level of achievements realised during the previous plan period are shown in Table 3:2. 69 r Table 3.2 Achievements in Soil and Water Conservation Activities I· Activities Ndaragw 01 Joro Ol'Kalou Kipipiri Kinangop a Orok Cut off drains (m) 1,100 15,430 1,000 170 100 Fanya Juu (m) 28,250 14,130 1, 118 14,861 = i Grass strips (m) 32,170 50,502 31,969 100,83.6 94,459 Unploughed strips (m) Sessions forTAS No. of Residential courses for 6 4 4 4 8 Ext. staff Farmers 7 7 7 5 10 No. of Education tours for Ext. 3 4 3 3 6 staff Farmers 5 No. of field days and 69 54 912 173 306 demonstrations Source: District Agriculture Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 Other achievements were:- Construction of dams, water holes and terraces ; surveying and land preparation by the Agricultural Mechanization Station . Training activities for both staff and farmers , at the Njarnb ini and 01 Joro Orok Farmers Training Centres . Advancement of loan facilities amounting to Kshs . 8 ,240,700 to 122 farmers throughout the district as development loans by the Agricultural Finance Corporation (AFC). It also gave Kshs. 3,498,000 to 36 farmers under the seasonal crop credit loans. 70 Livestock Production Table 3.3 summarizes the achievements realized during the period under review. Table 3.3 Achievements in Livestock Production Activities Activity Ndaragwa 01 Joro Ol'Kalou Kipipiri Kinangop Orok lmprov~d · 32,302 7,596 34,302 8,377 29,183 Pasture (Ha) Established 800 221 1,154 258 1,528. Fodder (Ha) KCC Milk 11,972,30 9,515,168 21,234,68 9,828,89 23,557,73 Intake 5 3 9 (1994 - 95) (Lts) No. of 2 2 2 2 2 farmers Trainings conducted No. of 18,304 14,550 19,712 8,448 14,080 farmers visited No. of 27,456 21,824 29,568 12,672 21,120 contact farmers recruited Source: District Livestock Production Office, 01 Kalou, 1996 The total amount of Loans given to farmers in the district to improve livestock production between 1994 - 1995 was as follows:- Agricultural Finance Co-operation· Kshs. 10,214,500.00 Co-operative Bank of Kenya Kshs. 25,527,203.00 71 Veterinary Department The achievements realized over the period under review include:- Artificial Insemination (A.I) Services: 22 Self-Help-A :1 groups were started and became operational and 15, 711 animals were inseminated. The department encountered financial problems to facilitate establishment of the A.I. Self-Help groups and movement of staff. Tick Control: 1,100,566 dippings were carried out and 16 dips were emptied. Due to poor dip management and escalation of prices of 'acaricide operational dips decreased to below 50% of the district total of about 280 dips. -1 Disease Control: 33,083 animals were vaccinated against foot and mouth disease, 4,000 animals were vaccinated against Anthrax and; black quarter; 162 dogs were baited and 240 vaccinated against rabies; 4,250 animals were vaccinated against L.S.D; 8,060 animals were vaccinate'd_a gainst CBPP and 10,396 animals were vaccinated against Rinderpest. Hides and Skins Improvement Services: 50,000 hides were handled; 115,195 skins were enumerated; 111 bandas and stores for hides and skins were licensed and Kshs. 6,008,825.00 was earned from sale of hides and skins. Veterinary Clinical Services Programme: 49,378 Veterinary Clinical cases were attended to and 31,937 farm visits were undertaken. Transport was a major problem during the 1994 - 1996 period. It constrained the planned veterinary services and visits to farmers. Meat Inspectorate Services: 72, 177 cases of inspection for both livestock and poultry were carried out and Kshs. 1,911,383.00 was collected as revenue from inspectorate activities. District Specific_ Objectives and Targets Department of Agriculture Objective: Increase productivity levels among the major crops grown in the district through intensified extension services on crop husbandry and improved farming methods and cultivation of idle land. . Targets: Increase yields per hectare by 12% for all c,ops . Increase agricultural extension services as follows:- Demonstrations per division from 450 to 600 Farm trials to 8 per year; . 72 Field days from 460 to 500 per year; Education Barazas from 120 to 1 60 per year; Field Education Tours from 4 to 6 per year; Farm visits from 12,345.to 17,952 per year; Supervision by District Subject Matters Specialists. from 72 to 80 per division per year and at the divisional level from 554 to 600 per year. Farmers Training Sessions at FTC from 15 to 20. Objectives: To improve the quality of agricultural land by draining off excessive water from waterlogged areas and irrigate areas with insufficient rainfall Targets: Increase soil and water conservation activities in the 'district as follows:- Cut off drains from 11, 140 metres to 20,000 metres per year Grass strips from 231,851 metres to 400,000 metres per year Fanya Juu tarring from 231,851 metres to 400,000 metres per year Infiltration ditches from 12,958 to 25,000 metres per year Riverbanks protection from 28 .3 kilometres to 52kms per year Agro· forestry Tree Nurseries, from 16 to 20 per year Guile,· control from 2 to 6 per year Farm co,·erage (No . of farms) from 2000 to 4000 per year Objectives: To increase the reliability of crop marketing infrastructure Target: Promote locally based processing facilities for high value crops by encouraging individuals and co-operative societies to undertake rural based agricultural processing industries. Establish cold storage facilities for horticultural products Objectives: To increase farming capacities Target: Educate and encourage farmers to utilize animal plough methods as alternatives to tractor plough in view of the high costs of the latter. 73 Promote, through extension services, the increased use of manure in view of the high cost-of-fertilizers. Objectives: To improve the living standafd of families by using the appropriate technologies and utilizing locally available resources. Target: Increase.cookery demonstratio6's from 455 to 500 per year. Educate on Food preservation and storage. Encourage establishment of 50 kitchen gardens per year Educate farmers on energy saving technologies. Objectives: Control crop pests at both pre-harvest and post harvest stages. ' Target: Train field staff on identification of crop · pests and diseases, as.sessment of crop damage by pests and on appropriate control measures .. Hold two training sessions per division per year. Train at least 720 farmers per division per year on efficient, safe and cost effective crop protection practices. To reduce post harvest losses by 5% thereby providing farmers with more food security. Improve existing storage structures by ensuring that at least 63 stores are ;mproyed every year. Train at least 2500 farmers every year on identification and control of Post-Harvest pests. Livestock Production Department Objective: To enhance farmers Education and . coverage through farm visits, workshops, demonstrations and tours. Target: To undertake one monthly training session per division throughout 1997 - 2001. To carry out two (2) demonstrations per sub-location per year. To conduct four (4) workshops for subject matter specialists per year. Make 3,360 visits to farmers per division per year. Objective: lnc.-ease milk production through technical advice to farmers on improved dairy management. 74 Target: Increase hectarage under pasture and fodder to 122,598 Hand 3,795 Ha respectfully by the year 2001 . Improve calf rearing by reducing mortality rate from 20% to 10% Increase milk production by raising individual cows milk production capacity from 6 to 10 litres/cow/day Improve quality of milk produced in order to reduce the amount of milk rejected by KCC by 40% (from 5 million to 3 million litres per year) Objective: To diversify livestock production by integrating the small stock in the farms. Target: Increase number of KTBH to 7,342 by year 200i. Improve milk yield of local goats through increase in the number of dairy goats from the current 555 to 971 goats { 15% increase per year). Improve weights of local rabbits from the current average of 3kg to 4 .5 kgs by crossing with improved breeds. ) Improve egg production of indigenous poultry from 90 eggs/bird/year through cockerel exchange programme. Objective: Encourage pig production as a source of income and also encourage pork consumption as a supplement for beef, mutton and chicken . Targets: Increase the population of pigs from the current 920 to 2 ,820 pigs (40% increase/year). Improve growth rate through proper feeding and housing in order to reduce the feeding period from 14 months to 8 months . Popularize pork consumption by holding one demonstration pork preparation per location per year. Objective: To establish efficient and organ ized livestock marl-..et ing channels Targets: Establish six (6) holding and auction yards 1one per d ivision! to prevent spread of diseases , reduce stock theft and impro,·e revenue collection. 75 Veterinary Department Objective: Enhance farmers Education on better livestock Management and production Targets: Carry out 2,400 farm visits per division/year Conduct 800 demonstrations per division/year Participation in both district and Provincial Agricultural shows every. year Arrange for one tour per year for both extension staff and fa~mers Objective: Improve of dipping activities and dip facilities Targets: Achieve 80% operation of dips by the end of the plan period Achieve dipping level of 400,000 per year I Objective: Improve quality of animals through A;I. services Targets: Increase A.I. Self-Help groups from the current 22 to 60 Achieve 10,000 inseminations per year Objective: Undertake effective Veterinary Clinical Services for improved livestock production Targets: Make 12,000 farm visits per year Attend to 10,000 veterinary Clinical Cases Objective: Improve hides and skins handling and promote the leather industry Targets: Handle 20,000 hides and 30,000 skins per year Licence 50% more bandas 76 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES Agriculture Department A. On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1 . National Extension Training of both staff and farmers Programme (NEP II) Field Supervision District-Wide Farm Visits Demonstration and Field days Agricultural Shows Staff and farmers education tours ,. Funding Source: World Bank/GOK 2. Soil and Water Construction of soil conservation structures like Conservation CODS, Fanya Juu, Grass strips, stonelines, District Wide rehabilitation of gullies, establishment of fruit tree nurseries. Training of staff and farmers, field supervision, farm visits, demonstrations and field days, educational tours Funding Source: SIDA 3. Crop Production Improve crop yield in terms of quality and quantity Programme District-Wide Funding Source: G.O.K 4. Farm Management Streamlining farm management messages to the Support Programme farmers Ndaragwa Division Funding Source: G.O.K. 5. Demonstration Farms Training of farmers through demonstrations and P'vmtf field days. 01 Joro Orok & Njambini FTCs Funding Source: G.O.K 77 6. Expansion of Njambini Construction of the dormitories and dining hall FTC Njabini Location Funding Source: G.O.K 7. Small Holder Fabrication of farm tools and implements, training, Mechanization District field visits, field days and demonstration Wide Funding Source: GOK 8. Agricultural Construction of dams, waterholes, terraces, bush Mechanization clearing, surveying and land preparation Services District-Wide Funding Source: G.O.K 9. Irrigation Schemes Provision of water for irrigation crops and Munyu, Gathanji, domestic use Kirimara, Ngamini, Wihote Drainage of excessive water for optimal land Ndaragwa Division productivity Chebutwa phase II, Funding Source: N.G.0/Self-Help Gitei, Mahigaini in Kipipiri Gatumbiro Drainage Project B. New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Division/Location Ranking Construction of District 1 Provision of offices for staff at District Headquarters Offices Headquarters. Ol'Kalou Town Council Justification: Ol'Kalou Town has been made the Nyandarua District Headquarters and it is therefore important that construction of offices be given priority. Funding Source: G.O.K. Establishment of 2 Construction of farrows and canals. Irrigation Schemes Ndaragwa and Kinangop Justification: The areas have unreliable Divisions rainfall whi(?h need supplementing through irrigation activities. The projects would offer employment and generate income as well as provide food to the people. • Funding Source: G.O.K/Self-Help/NGOs Establishment of 3 Provision of Drainage Infrastructure. Drainage Schemes at ·· Kapteni Justification: The area is productive but Ol'Kalou Division has very poor drainage. Crop production will be improved and incidents of livestock diseases will be minimized when proper drainage facilities are providedJ Funding Source: GOK/Self-Help/NGOs Livestock Production Department A: On-going Project Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1.National Extension Training of staff and farmers Programme II Field supervision District Wide Farm visits Demonstration activities Agricultural shows Education tours for staff and farmers Funding Source: GOK/World Bank 79 B. New Projects Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking Construction of District 1 Construction of offices at the district Headquarters Offices headquarters to accommodate district staff. Justification: The headquarters for the district have been officially transferred to Ol'Kalou Town Council and office accommodation is urgently required. Funding Source: GOK Dairy Development 2 Improved pasture and fodder production Project Construction of stall feeding units District Wide Clean milk production Fodder conservation and utilization Supplementary feeding Farmers and staff training through demonstrations Field days Residential trainings in TFC Educational tours Justification: There is need to offer technic?tl advice to farmers on improved dairy management in order to increase milk production. Funding Source: GOK 80 Integrated Small 3 Improve livestock production. Livestock Project (LS.LP) District Wide Justification: Exploit the untapped potentials in terms of honey production. Increase egg production, milk from dairy goats plus wool and mutton production from sheep. Funding Source: GOK/Private Pig Pilot Project 4 Increase pork production. Justification: Increase pork production through training of farmers on pig housing, feeding, breeding and popularize pork consumption through demonstrations. Funding Source: GOK Livestock Marketing 5 Construct livestock holdings and auction yards. Justification: Currently there is no organized livestock marketing system in the district due to lack of these facilities. This has resulted in exploitation of farmers/producers by middle men and increase stock thefts in the district and erratic prices. Uncontrolled livestock movements also lead to spread of diseases. Auction facilities will solve the above problems by bringing potential buyers and sellers together in a common buying/selling venue during specific auction/market days hence ensuring price consistency. Funding Source: GOK 81 'll Veterinary Department A: On-going Projects I :i Project Name Description of Activities Division/Location 1. National Extension Training of both staff and farmers Programme II Field Supervision District-Wide Farm visits Demonstrations Agricultural Shows Staff and farmers Education tours Funding Source: GOK/World Bank 2. Disease Control Vaccination of animals against notifiable District Wide diseases Funding Source: GOK 3. Tick Control Tick control against tick-borne diseases Funding Source: ~OK/Community 4. A.I. Services Inseminate Animals District-Wide Funding Source: GOK/Self-Help • r 5. Clinical Services Treat sick animals District-Wide . Funding Source: GOK/Private 6. Hides and Skins, To improve hides and skins Leather Industry District-Wide Funding Source: GOK .82 7. Meat Inspectorate Inspect meat to ensure high quality meat District-Wide Train meat inspectors Funding Source: G.O.K B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Division/Location Ranking Construction of District 1 Provision of offices for district Headquarters Offices headquarters staff 01 Kalou Town Justification: The district headquarters have been moved to 01 Kalou and it is, therefore, important to build these offices to facilitate movement from Nyahururu to OI Kalou Funding Source: GOK Construction of an office 2 Build the office for divisional staff 01 Joro Orok Divisional Headquarters Justification: The department has no office and is using a crowded livestock production office. Funding Source: GOK ,I ' . ., ' I . ' , .. .,f 1 ; 't/ • I 83 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES Sectoral Policy Objectives The major objectives of the sector include:- Completion of forest inventories anl forest cover monitoring on departmental basis; \ Intensification of rural afforestation, especially in the ASAL areas; Increasing manpower training in forestry, especially to cope with the increasing demand in extension services; and Establishing more forest estates, farm forestry and protection forestry Assessment and evaluation of the impact of the development activities on the environment. · Sustainable watershed management and environmental amelioration through silvicultural sound forest management of natural and industrial forest component. Reclamation and regeneration of forest cover in arid and semi arid lands through appropriate techniques. Coordinate environment impact assessment on all programmes/projects in order to integrate environmental considerations in their appraisal and actual implementation. Forestry Department .. Review of 1994· - 1996 Plan Period The achievements realized included: A total of 975 hectares were planted with tree covering Ndaragwa, 01 Bollersat, Geta and Kinangop regions. A total of 2.25 million seedlings were raised in the ,same regions. The development of the Forest resource in the district remained slow due to inadequate means of transport, labour shortage and poor state of roads within the forest estates. This situation was further worsened by inadequate funding which made the implementation of scheduled activities in the development plan difficult. 84 Forestry extension services were constrained by lack of sufficiently trained technical staff at locational level. · Informal forestry practices training packages for individual farmers, self-help groups and schools were also limited due to inadequate funding. District Specific Objectives and Targets Objective: . To satisfy the local needs for industrial and construction wood as well as to supply the surplus to other parts of the country Target: Undertake plantation replanting programme at the rate of 300 Ha. per year and to produce 600,000 seedlings per year comprising 40% cypress, 35% pine, 10.5 eucalyptus and 15% other species such as juniperus and acacia ~mong others. Objectives: Undertake forest protection measures to enhance the quality and yield of the existing. Targets: Protect the district's forest estate of _about 47,000 ha. by carrying out fire management and control, management of pests and diseases and exploitation. Objectives: Promote active involvement and proper management of forestry resources among the communities in order to achieve the desired environmental and social economic benefits. Target: To raise 50,000 tree seedlings per year in the established central nurseries for demonstrati(m and publicity activities To promote 5 contact farms per division per year 85 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES A: On-going Projects b Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1 . Industrial Forestry Replanting Plantation Development Silvicultural treatments of plantations. District Wide .... ' Funding Source GOK 2. Forest protection Marking of forest boundaries District Wide Patrols to_d etect and stop illegal activities. Funding Source GOK ' ! 3. Forestry Extension Informal Forestry Training services Logistical support for farm forestry. District Wide Funding Source: GOK 4. Miti Mi•n gi Mashambani Development of sustainable seed supply Phase II capacity. District Wide Development of cost effective and appropriate interactive extension methodologies. Field trials on marketing extension . . Development and dissemination of extension packages. Funding Source: FINIDA 86 B: New Project Proposal Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking Ndaragwa Afforestation 1 Tree plantation in Ndaragwa Location. Programme Justification: Farms are smaH and the area has semi-aridity climatical conditions. Afforestation could turn the area into a rain catchment zone. Funding Source GOK/C<:>mmunity t. ':.. r • ,, . . ' ...... 1 . , , . ' {: , ... ' ◄ I . 87 LANDS ANNO SETTLEMENT Sectoral Policy Objectives The main objective of this sector are to ensure that; The landless are settled and that the problem of squatters in urban areas is sorted out; Plot owners are issued with title deeds or leases to promote guaranteed and permanent development; and There c1re ~roperly prepared physical devek>pment plans to curtail haphazard development particularly in commercial centres. Review of the ·1994-96 Plan Period Nyandarua Di1strict has a total of 49 settlement schemes. Of these, 48 schemes have been title mapped. The following was achieved during the 1994-96 Plan Period: Completed title mapping of four (4) settlement schemes (i.e. Mutonyora, 01 Bollosat, Mikaro and Geta); Prepared and issued 7,579 title deeds; Attended to 40 registered boundary disputes; Made 250 Cadastral surveys for urban plots and Surveyed and demarcated the newly created Kaimbaga (extension) Settlement Scheme which benefitted 380 landless people . . 88 District Specific Objectives and Targets Objective: To settle the landless to enable them participate in the development of the district and to improve their living conditions. Target: Settle 500 landless people on the new settlement schemes. Objective: Issue title deeds to plot owners to make them eligible for credit facilities and therefore promote farming, commerce and industrial development. Target: Increase title issuance by 50 per cent in the next five years. 89 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1. Title Mapping Undertake and complete title mapping District Wide of Kaimbaga (extension) Settlement Scheme. Funding Source GOK 2. Transfer and Discharge Computation of paid loan and District Wide execution of land ownership documents. Funding Source GOK 3. Cadastral Surveys Carry out cadastral surveys in trading District Wide and market cen'tres to fac ilitate easier processing of leases. Funding Source GOK 4. Physical Development Plaris Prepare P.D.P.s for trading and market District Wide centres and sub-divide of private plots 1 · to facilitate proper development planning. .. Funding Source GOK 5. Maintenance of settlement Complete opening-up of roads in the roads. new schemes of Mutonyora, 01 District Wide Bollosat, Geta Mikaro and Kaimbaga. Funding Source: GOK 6. Water reticulation Initiate and implement water supply District Wide projects in the new schemes. Funding Source: GOK 90 B: New Project Proposal Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarters offices 1 Construction of offices for the entire Ol'Kalou Division ministry staff Justification Now that 01' Kalou Town has been made the district headquarters, offices should be provided for the ministry. · Funding Source GOK 91 LAND RECLAMATION, REGIONAL AND WATER DEVELOPMENT Water Development Sectoral Policy Objectives The main objectives of the water sector include development of the arid and semi arid lands, regional de'velopment and exploitation as well as conservation of water resources in the country. More specifically, the objectives of the sector are:- To develop national capacity for exploiting the substantial production potential of arid and semi arid lands (ASAL) thereby contributing significantly to National goal of income generation, employment creation and the attainment of food security. To reclaim, where damaged and produce unscathed the diverse, valuable and yet frequently fertile ecologies located in the ASAL areas. To create a productive environment with opportunities for improving the quality of life for the present and future generations of ASAL inhabitants on sustainable basis. To develop and distribute water to all rural arid urban areas for domestic, agriculture and industrial usage. To conserve water resources and control pollution. To raise revenue through cost sharing by charging user-fees to consumers. To increase food production and generate foreign exchange earnings. To develop the skills of technical and professional staff through training programme. To obtain maximum economic multiplier effects from ministry's programmes and projects especially through rural small town linkages and of check rural urban migration. 92 Department of Water Development Review of the 1994-96 Plan Period The department continued to operate and maintain five major water supplies in the district. It managed to complete 3 water supply projects initiated before 1994. There were 8 water supply projects under construction but initiated before 1994. There are 9 projects initiated in the 1994-96 plan period and still under construction. District Specific Objectives and Targets ( Objective: Enhance rehabilitation of old supply system to increase efficiency by reducing water loses. Targets: To rehabilitate one water scheme per year per division. Objective: Facilitate industrialization process through provision of adequate water supply. Target: Designing and implementing urban water supplies in the district and divisional headquarters as well as other major trading centres. Objective: To supplement supply of water to the communit'( by sinking boreholes where river and dam sources are noQ_-existent. Target: Sin~ two boreholes per year per division. Objective: To continue implementing construction of water supplies already under construction either by GOK, self help or donors to improve provision of water for both human and livestock consumption. Target: To construct to completion one water scheme per year per division. 93 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1 . . 01 Kalou Water Project Equipping of Boreholes, extension of 01 Kalou Division supply Funding Source G0K 2. Kipipiri Water Project Gravity main intake, 1 No. tank Kipipiri Rising main, pump house, pumping unit, distribution lines. Funding Source G0K/Self-help 3. Nyaka~anga/Kanguo Rising main, pump house, pumping 01 Joro 0roko unit, distribution lines. 4. Leshau/Karagoini Intake, pumping units, rising main Ndaragwa storage: tank 3 No. distribution lines. funding Source G0K/Self help 5. Njabini, Water Project Intake, gravity main, 1 No. tank, Kinangop distribution pipes. Funding Source G0K 6. Muhonia/Turasha Intake, gravity main, distribution lines Kinangop Funding Source G0K 7. Mukungi/Mumui Intake, gravity main, distribution lines. t" i r1 :::i n ".VJ rJ Funding Source Red Cross 8. Rurii/ t'-Jg ·11;;,t:::i r 1irr~ Rising main, 1 No. tank 01 Kalou Funding Source G0K 94 9. Rehabilitation Programme Rehabilitation of water supplies District Wide Funding Source GOK 10. Huhiro Water Project Intake, gravity main, 1 No. tank, Ndaragwa distribution line Funding Source Red Cross 11. Kagaa, Water project Pumping set, rising main, 1 No. tank, 01 Kalou distribution line Funding Source GOK/Self-help 12. Kirima Water Project Intake chamber/dam, and distribution Ndaragwa lines Funding Source GOK/Self-help A: New Project Propost'.s Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarters Offices 1 Construction of office facilities for Ol'Kalou district headquarters staff. Justification: The ministry should provide office accommodation for the staff at Ol'Kalau Town which has been made the district headquarters. A plot for the ministry has already been set aside. Funding Source: GOK 95 Greater 01 Kalou Water 2 Construction of gravity water supply I I • I I Project from the Abedares to 0l'Kalou 01 Kalou Division District Headquarters. Justification 01 Kalou Township was made the district headquarters for Nyandarua and therefore require a major water project to supply adequate water for the expected high population and industrial growth : Funding Source G0K Githai Water Project 3 Intake gravity main, tank and Kinangop distribution system. Justification Kinangop Ring main water supply is not adequate to serve the growing population within the area. Funding Source G0K/Self-Help Mubao Water Project 4 Construct a water supply system Kipipiri Justification The community travels long distances for clean water Funding Source G0K/Community Kiriogo Water Project 5 Construct a water supply system. Ndaragwa Justification There is need for clean water since the community _fetches water from dams. Funding Source G0K/Community 96 Kieni Water Project 6 Construction a water supply system 01 Kalou Justification There is need for clean water since the community fetches polluted water from dams. Funding Source G0K/Community Gathanji Water Project 7 Construct a water supply system 01 Joro 0rok Justification There is need to supply Gathinji Health Centre with clean water. Funding Source: G0K/Community Wambuku Water Project 8 Construct a water supply system Ndaragwa Justification: The community travels long distances for clean water. Funding Source: G0K/Community • t ----- 97 ENERGY ... Sectoral Policy Objectives The main policy objectives of the sector are to: Promote conservation of all forms of 'energy; Develop domestic hydro and geothermal electricity generation; Increase wood production under both on-farm and plantation systems and ., promote efficiency in wood fuel utilization; Encourage domestic vvoodfuel substitution where possible; Promote the development of alternative energy sources to broaden the national .energy mix and lessen reliance on imported energy; Intensify the on-going rural electrification programme to cope with the increased demand for industrial energy in rural areas; and Work with the District Development Committees to co-ordinate the planning and implementation of energy projects and programmes in the district. Review of the 1994 - 96 Plan Period The achievements made in the district in energy_sector were mainly those related to Rural Electrification Programme. Implementation of the plan was constrained by the absence of a District Energy Development Officer who would have co-ordinated planning and implementation of energy sector projects. The following was achieved on divisional basis: Ndaragwa: Constructed power supply line to the intake of Leshau/Karagoini Water Supply for running the pumping set. 01 Joro Orok: Constructed supply lines to Gatimu area. 01 Kalou: Constructed supply lines to; 01 Kalou Town Water Supply borehole Mugumo Water Project borehole Kapteni Market Centre Milangine area 98 District Objectives and Targets Objectives: To supfjly adequate and reliable electric power to all parts of the district with priority to trading and market centres in order to accelerate commercial and industrial growth. Target: Construct power supply lines to the headquarters of the two divisions (Ndaragwa and Kipipiri) not currently served with electricity and the market centres along the grid. Extend power supply to one market centre which is off the electricity grid per year. The programme will cover all the five divisions. . ' l. /' 99 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES A: On-going Project Project Name Description of Activities . Location/Division 1 . Rural Electrification Programme Ndaragwa Division: Construct power District Wide lines to Ndaragwa Trading Centre and market centres that fall along the grid. Extend power lines to Ndogino market centre. I Carry out survey and design for the line ·to Shamata Market centre. · 01 Joro Orok Division: Construct power supply line to Kangui water treatment plant and market centre and other facilities en-route. Undertake survey for supply to Silibwet and Ngano Areas. Ol'Kalou Division: Construct power line to Kaimbaga Market centre. Carry out survey for supply of power to two major market centres in the division. Kipipiri Division: Construct power supply line to Miharati Trading Centre and market centres en-route the ,gird. Carry out survey for supply of power to Geta area. Kinangop Division: Construct power supply line to Weru Market Centre. Carry out survey ,for power supply to Muruaki and Kahuru areas. Funding Source: GOK/KPL company B: New Project Proposal Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking Alternative Sources of 1 Establish and promote projects for Energy alternative sources of energy e.g. District Wide biogas, solar, wind and fuelwood. Justification: Electricity is an expensive source of energy especially to the rural population. There is, therefore, .need to initiate affordable sources. Funding Source GOK t-. • 101 PUBLIC WORK$' AND HOUSING Sectoral Policy Objectives Th~ major policy objectives of this sector are: To provide an efficient, adequate and reliable road transport network. I To ensure effective use of the road infrastructure. To preserve the investments already made in the development of road r infrastructure. · To intensify use of labour based technologies for road maintenance and rehabilitation. To provide decent and affordable shelter. To coordinate programmes and activities aimed at improving slum and squatter settlements. To coordinate all activities in the building sector. To collect data for housing industry management. Review of the 1994-96 Plan Period Roads Department The major achievements were made in the following areas:- Routine Maintenance: 141.1 kilometres of paved roads and 6,272 kilometres of unpaved roads. Gravelling and Regravelling: Mairo-lnya-Salama Road (E459) in Ndaragwa Division, 01 Kalou-Silanga Road (C69) in 01 Kalou Division, Armstrong-Kanjui-Ngorika road in 01 Kalou Division and Geta-Ndiara Road in Kipipiri Division. Bridges. Drifts and Culverts: Mawingu Bridge in 01 Kalou Division, Ndunyu Njeru drift in Kinangop Division and Gieterero - PP.si road culverting . Building Department During 1994-1996, the building section of the ministry of public works was able to accomplish the following: - 102 · Designed and supervised construction of:- Ndogino Health Centre, arid Miharati and Saari Dispensaries. Kimuri Secondary School Dormitories and Dinning Hall. ;. Njambini Farmers Training Centre hostel. Offices for the Registration of Persons at 01 Kalou. Constructed offices for the M.O.P.W. camp at OI Kalou. Carried out routine maintenance of Government buildings. These comprised 18 minor and 11 major repair cases. Constructed a self contained portable presidential dias for .use in the district during presidential functions. • I The main problem· encountered was shortage of funds for projects, lack of funds for supervision, routine maintenance, transport and shortage of technical manpower as a result of retrenchment of staff. / 103 District Specific ~Objectives and Targets Roads Department Objective: Provide all weather road network throughout the district to facilitate easy transportation of agricultural and livestock produce. Target: Undertake routine maintenance of the existing all weather roads. Improve earth roads by gravelling an average of 20 km per division per year to make them all weather. Buildings Department Objectives: Ensure that the existing government houses ·are well kept through routine maintenance to avoid wear and tear. Target: Provide the required drawings -and bills of quantities for the government funded building projects to the user departments. Open divisional offices at all the five divisional headquarters so that the services can be accessible at these levels. Renovate and maintain 50 government buildings within the district. 104 PROJECT AND PROGHAMMI: PRIORITIES Roads Department A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location .-'Division ,. Routine maintenance Routine maintenance of all classified District Wide roads consisting of 141 . 1 km of bitumen, 529.9km of gravel. anct 5,743 Km of earth. Funding Source GOK 2. Rehabilitation of 01 Kalou- Reconstruction and resealing of 01 Nyahururu Road (C77) Kalou-Nyahururu Road. 01 Kalou & Funding Source GOK 01 Jore Orok 3. Karangatha-Haraka Road Reg ravelling of 20 km of the road. Kinangop Funding Source GOK B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking 01 Joro Orok Dundori Road 1 Gravel 20 km of the road. (083) 01 Joro Orok Justification The road connects the district with Nakuru District and serves a very productive area. Funding Source GOK .. 105 Njambini-01 Kalou Road 2 Reg ravelling 82 km of the road. (C69) Kinangop Justification The road traverses across the district through a rich area and will be most convenient for both administrative and economic activities. Funding Source GOK Engineer-Naivasha Road 3 Gravelling 11 .3 km of road (D393) Kinangop Justification The road connects Kinangop Division with Naivasha and is very important for transportation of agricultural products from Kinangop. Funding Source GOK Ma iro-1 nya-Sha mata 4 Gravel 20 km of road Road (D 388) Ndaragwa Justification The road serves an important farming area. Funding Source GOK . Bridging Programme 5 Construction of bridges on Kinja Kinangop & River, Mukungi River, Turasha River Ndaragwa and Kaheho River . Justification: The bridges will ease travel across the rivers. Funding Source: GOK 106 Building Department A: On-Going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1 . Maintenance of Buildings Carry out mail"\tenance and renovation District Wide works on Government buildings. Funding Source: GOK 2. Supervision of construction Provide drawings and Bill of ,uantities works and supervise construction ot buildings District Wide as and when required by user departments. Funding Source: GOK B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarters 1 - Construction of offices, workshops for Offices all the departments of the ministry. 01 Kalou Justification: The District Headquarters have been moved to 01 Kalou Town . .The ministry should, therefore, provide all the necessary facilities and ' . infrastructure. Funding Source: GOK , . 107 TOURISM AND WILDLIFE Sectoral Policy Objectives The main objectives of the sector are to:- Conserve and manage the district's game reserves and national parks as both are national and international heritage and as an attraction for tourists. Stimulate tourism as a means of encouraging local employment and earnihg revenue by promoting and developing tourist attractions·, infrastructure and facilities. Promote increased fish production through restocking of dams, rivers and establishment of fish ponds. Stimulate commercial and industrial fish production in high water bodies such as dams, improve efficiency of fishing technology and marketing and promote domestic consumption for fish Review of the 1994 Plan Period Kenya Wildlife Services The main achievements included: Electric fence line for Aberdare national park was surveyed from Rhino Gate to Shamata Gate, covering 30km; Bush clearing on the fence line was completed from Ndaragwa to Shamata; Preliminary visits to the community bordering the national park were made to create awareness and the importance of the electric fence; Held two (2) seminars for the community leaders and or'g anized a tour to Nyeri; Construction of classrooms for Melita Primary School as part of K.W.S community support programme and purchase of building materials for 1 Kangocho Primary ·School. 108 Fisheries Department The following were the major achievement:- 14 No. Fish farming self-help groups were established, 32,630 trout fingerlings 10,200 Tilapia fingerlings and 930 common carp fingerlings were stocked. Harvested 1,850kgs of Trout valued at Kshs . 385,500.00 and 525kgs of Tilapia valued at KShs. 51,090.00. Problems Encountered during the Period Fish ponds being neglected during crop planting and harvesting seasons since most fish farmers carry out fish farming as a part-time activity; Due to lack of funds and shortage of fingerlings within the district, re- stocking of rivers and dams declined. Also, the encroachment of fish farms . . (Rivers, dams and po,:ids) through farming and livestoc'k watering has resulted in high level of siltation of these facilities affecting aquatic life necessary for growth of fish . I .. .; '' .. .. • I , "· ,· ' r I · • J • 109 ' ! I District Specific Objectives and Targets Kenya Wildlife Services Objective: Protection of damage to crops, other property and human life. Targets: Construction to completion of the already surveyed electric fence from Rhino Gate to Shamata Gate . Intensify game control patrols along the boun-dary between the· park and the settlements Objective: _Sensitize the community on the importance of wildlife to the general development of the district Target: Carry out two - one day education barazas every year for the community bordering the national park Assist one community based project per year under K.W.S. Community support programme Fisheries Department Objective: Encourage farmers to take fish farming as a full time venture and to promote fish consumption as a diet Target: Carry-out two training sessions per year for fish farmers and self-help groups Conduct one demonstration per division per year on the use of fish as a diet Objective: Protect fisheries water resources from farming and livestock encroachment Target: Fencing and planting of trees at two facilities per year per division Objective: Increase fish farming awareness in the district and eri~::mce fish stocking and increased harvesting Target: Establishment of a hatchery in the district for production of fingerlings which will be easily accessible to farmers and available for re-stoc- lcir i;J of rivers and dams 110 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES Kenya Wildlife Services A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1.- Aberdare National Erection of electric fence along the Park Park Electric Fence boundary from Rhino Gate to Shamata Ndaragwa (30km) Funding Source: ·G OK 2. Aberdare National Assist in implementation of community Park Community based projects along the park boundary Support Programme by provision of building materials Ndaragwa Funding Source: GOK/Self-Help j B: New Project Proposal Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarters 1 Construction of offices and staff houses Offices - 01 Kalou Justification: There is need to provide offices and house accommodation for district staff at 01 Kalou where the ·d istrict headquarters have been moved . to. (' Funding Sour(i.e:GOK ,. ,.. 111 Fisheries Department A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division I . 1. Trout Development Renovation of ponds, stocking, fencing District-Wide and carrying out regular patrols at stocked facilities to prevent poaching. Funding Sourc~: GOK 2. Fish Demonstration Construction, protection and stocking Ponds Ndaragwa Funding Source: GOK New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarters 1 Construction of offices Offices 01 Kalou Justification: The district headquarters have been moved to 01 Kalou Town and there ·is therefore need to establish offices for the district staff. Funding Source:GOK Rehabilitation and 2 Desiliting fencing and planting of trees Protection of Dams Justification: The dams are shallow due to siltation. They require major rehabilitation and protection to facilitate fish stocking since they are the major fish resources Funding Source: GOK/Community 112 Fishing Camps 3 Justification: Establishment of fishing District-Wide camps in areas most suitable for sport fishing. Funding Source: GOK Training/Workshops 4 Hold seminars and workshops for fish District-Wide farmers Justification: There is need to train fish farmers on fish management and marketing to promote the fish industry .. ,Funding Source: GOK .. 1 I .. ,, . j • • I ' 113 .. CO-OPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT Sectoral Policy Objectives The major policy objectives of the cooperative sector are to :- Ensure that Co-operatives are well organized to protect the interest of the members with a view to meeting the challenges of a Liberalized Economy Continue with Education and Training programmes in the Cooperative movement to improve their management Promote rapid industrialization for sustainable development through encouraging the contribution by Cooperatives in the production, processing, preserving and marketing of major agricultural crops such as dairy, pyrethrum, wool and horticulture Encourage dairy cooperatives to undertake artificial insemination, put up animal feed plants to improve on breeds, and quality of the dairy sector Encoura·ge · the Housing Cooperative Societies to embark on low cost Housing schemes Encourage thrift among the Rural and Urban Population through promotion of Rural and Urban Sacco Societies Review of 1994 ~ 1996 Plan Period The following was achieved during 1994-96 plan period: Share capital increased from KShs. 120 million to Kshs. 130 million; milk payment rate to farr:ners rose from Kshs. 11.00 to Kshs. 12.20 (per kg); income earned from milk increased from Kshs. 167 million in 1994 to Kshs. 185 million in 1995; 64 training courses wee carried out in the following fields: - .. Staff training programme, committee training programme, members education programme. ~ Four Cooperative societies started undertaking Artificial Insemination services for their members; two societies started stores for re-sale. 114 District Specific Objectives and Targets Objective: To undertake education and training activities for the management committees and staff in order to improve management of cooperative societies. Target: Carry out 40 courses per year for the co-operative movement. Conduct 29 training courses for the committee members per year. Conduct 66 members education sessions per year Carry out 1 2 courses per year for the district cooperative committee members Objective: Encourage co-operative soc1et1es to undertake Agro-Based industrial activities and therefore creating more income generating sources Target: Establishment of milk cooling plants in 01 Kalou and Kinangor Divisions Establishment of small scale animal feeds and milk processing plants in Kinangop, 01 Kalou and Ndaragwa Divisions. ·· Horticultural processing plant at OI Kalou and Kinangop Divisions. Objective: Encouraging cooperatives to invest in low cost housing schemes to provide affordable and decent houses ) Target: One co-operative society in every division will be encouraged to construct low cost houses at the divisional headquarters I - ' ; -.,J ' ., . ( . 11S PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES • , A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1. Staff Training Residential seminars/Workshops for :. Programme employees of cooperative movement District-Wide Funding Source: GOK 'donors/Societies 2. Committee Member Residential Seminars for Management Training Committee Members and Sub-Committee District-Wide Members Funding Source: GOK/Societies/Donors 3. Member Education Hold one day educational Baraza for Programme members of Co:..operative Societies. District-Wide Funding Source: GOK/Soc~eties 4. District Co-operative Holding monthly meetings to review and Development Committee assess Co-operative performance. District-Wide Funding Source: GOK ... • 5 . Merchandise Stores Start Merchandise stores in primary Co-District-Wide operative Societies .. .. Funding Source: Societies/Donors 6. Artificial Insemination Provision of Equipments and Man Power to District-Wide provide A.I. services improve animal production Funding Source: Societies/GOK/Donors -~ 116 B: New Project Proposals \ ProJ. ect 'Na me . , . Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking Rural Sacco 1 Start a rural Sacco for all marketing Ndaragwa Division societies in the Division Justification: Encourage thrift among the rural and urban societies hence create employment and credit facilities . _ \ I Funding Source: Societies Animal Feeds Plant 2 Construct animal feeds plant Olkalou, Kinangop and Ndaragwa Justification: To improve on animal husbandry_hence increase production and also create employment Funding Source: Societies/Donor Milk Processing Plant 3 Construct milk processing plant and Cooling Plants cooling plant Justification: Farmers in these areas are taking milk to KCC which is very far Funding Source: Societies(Donor Horticultural Processing 4 Construct a Horticultural Processing Plant Olkalou Plant •. ..> Justification: There is need for such a plant because most of the harvest on horticulture goes to waste during bumper harvest Funding Source: Societies/donors 117 Construction of District 5 Provision of offices for the district Headquarters Offices Headquarters staff 01 Kalou Town Justification: There is an urgent need to provide office accommodation for the district headquarters staff in view of the fact that the District headquarters have been moved to 01 Kalou Funding Source: GOK ! I I I , 118 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Sectoral Policy Objectives The main objectives. of the sector are to:- To ensure the orderly development of trade Implement policy and institutional reforms that allow trade and commerce to play a dynamic role in the generation of economic growth and social development Generate employment opportunities by way of providing business finance, training and other support services Promote and diversify export products and markets I Review of the 1994 - 96 Plan Period Department of Internal Trade The department achieved the following during the 1994 - 96 Plan Period The rate of repayment of traders Loan programme improved by 1 7 % over the period; 92 traders benefitted from the traders loan scheme and two (2) seminar were conducted for the traders on business skills. 41 participants attended both seminars. Department of Industry The District Industrial Office was opened in September 1995. Since then, most of the activities undertaken have been in relation to familiarization visits with the purpose of gathering data for planning .and formulation of departmental responsibilities. 119 District Specific Objectives and Targets Objective: To promote . small scale business entrepreneurs · through financing and training in order to generate economic growth, employment opportunities and export trade Targets: .Give Trade loans to 5 traders per division per year for expansion/improvement of their scope of business. Objective: Promotion of industrialization awareness among the potential investors based on the locally available raw material base Targets: Formulation of a District Industrial Committee which would co- ordinate industrial development activities Collect and disseminate data on the locally ava ilable raw materials and potentials for industrial setting Identify potential organizations and individual investors who would successfully set up industries 120 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES Department of Trade A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1. Trade Development Giving development loans to small Joint Loan Board scale traders and industrialists and District-Wide follow-up of the repayment Funding Source: GOK/Revolving Fund 2. Training of Traders Organizing Seminars and . District-Wide Workshor>s for traders Funding Source: GOK B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarters 1 Construction of offices for the district Offices headquarters staff. 01 Kalou Justification: 01 Kalou is the new district headquarters Funding Source: GOK 121 Export Promotion 2 Promotion of exportation of products Programme especially industrial outputs District-Wide Justification: Many small entrepreneurs wish to undertake export business but do not have relevant technical knowledge on the activity. They therefore require assistance (both financial and training) to motivate them Funding Source: GOKiNGOs Department of Industry 8: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking Small Scale Industrial Loan 1 Give loans to small scale investors Scheme I District-Wide Justification: The facility will motivate small scale investors to und~Htake industrial activities Funding Source: GOK Promotion of Small-Scale 2 Encourage investors within the Industries district to establish industries that District-Wide will use hides and skins, wool, etc which are readily available in the district as raw materials Justification: There is high potential for initiating viable industries with the locally available products . . . Funding Source: GOK 122 RESEARCH, TECHNICAL TRAINING AND TECHNOLOGY Sectoral Policy Objectives The major objectives of the sector are to:- Set priorities for research in physical and biological sciences that will benefit agricultural and livestock and other sectors Study the district capacity to undertake research activities and develop findings that benefit the economy of the country and social welfare Establish and strengthen mechanisms that facilitate the transfer of technical research findings to the public and private sectors Promote training programmes that are responsive and relevant to the country's agricultural, industrial and commercial development Ensure development of enterprise and technology Train artisans, technicians and craftsmen for effective and dynamic self- employment Oversee the establishment and effective operation of technical training institutions that train school leavers to be self-reliant Review of the 1994 - 1996 Plan Period Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) During the plan period, KARI was able to accomplish the following:- Made available 450kgs of high altitude composite (H.A.C) maize seed to farmers; Sold to . farmer.s 18 Ayshire bull calves for breeding; Sold to farmers 30 Hampshire Corriedale cross rams for breeding; Sold 1,000 bales of oats hay to dairy farmers; Sold 15 bags of Irish potatoes to farmers for planting; Gave free seeds of fodder sorghum, lucerne, vetch, radish and oats to 3 farmers per division in the five divisions of the district for demonstration plots and completed research on bean varieties suitable for the district and Collected data is being analyzed by the University of Nairobi. 123 Department of Technical Training and Technology ' The following was achieved: 5 Jua Kali Associations with a total° of 253 members were registered in the district; Two(~) of the existing ( 16) Youth Polytechnics were expanded through self- help/GOK and Enrolment in Youth Polytechnics rose from 315 to 400 students between 1994 and 1996. District Specific Objectives and Targets Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Objective: Conduct research on food and fodder crops suitable for the high altitude areas of the district which have occasional frost and poorly drained soils. Targets: Grain crops - (maize, wheat, barley, peas and beans) Horticultural crops (Irish potatoes, carrots and kales Pyrethrum Temperate fruits (Plums, Pears and Apples) Objective: Conduct research on livestock suitable for the district with emphasis on Dairy Management techniques (feeding, health, and housing) in extensive and semi-intensive grazing systems. Targets: Make the following available to farmers in the district: 15 Ayshire bull calves per year (5 per division) 20 breeding rams per year · 3,000 bales of hay per year 5 grass varieties, 4 roof tubers and 3 legumes 124 Department of Technical Training Objective: Develop and intensify Technical Training and Jua Kali sector with the aim of integrating them .in the process of industrial development Targets: Promote and register one Jua Kali Association per division per year and request the District Devele>pment Committee · to allocate them plots on which to construct sheds Encourage and assist Jua Kali Associations based on the five Divisional Headquarters to construct sheds for their member artisans Improve technical training in the sixteen (16) polytechnics in the district by _recruitment of additional tutors and provision of teaching equipments and materials 125 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES KARI B: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1.Crop R_esearch Carry out research and select breeding District-Wide material of the high altitude maize and Irish potatoes varieties Funding Source: GOK 2. Livestock Research Carry out research on suitable livestock District-Wide fodder for high milk production and wool sheep for increased wool production Funding Source: GOK Department of Technical Training B: New Project Proposals Project Name/ Priority Description of Ac_tivities Location/Division Ranking Nyandarua Institute of 1 Construction of Infrastructure and Science and Technology provision of teaching and boarding 01 Joro Orok facilities · Justification: the district has no institute of science and technology for promoting technical training Funding Source:GOK/Self-Help 126 District Headquarters 2 Construction of offices for the Offices ministry staff 01 Kalou Justification: The staff will require offi ce accommodation at the new District Headquarters at 01 Kalou Town ' Funding Source: GOK Jua Kali Sheds 3 Cpnstruction of Jua Kali sheds at the District-Wide five Divisional Headquarters Justification: There is dire need to intensify promotion of Jua Kali Industry by motivating artisans through provision of sheds and working equipments Funding Source: GOK/Self-Help Youth Polytechnic 4 Constructi_on of additional teaching Development Programme facilities and renovation of existing District-Wide facilities Justification: The existing facilities in Youth Polytechnics are over utilized Funding Source: GOK/Self-Help ..... 127 I EDUCATION Sectoral Policy Objectives The objectives of the sector are to:- Enhance and improve the relevance of education at all levels Strengthen the teaching of science, mathematics and practical subjects at primary and secondary school levels Provide facilities for maintained post-school institutions, special institutions and universities while parents and sponsors provide physical facilities in all other training institutions Provide specialized equipment to public institutions, while parents provide ' books and supplementary readers, stationery and consumable materials rl: Review of the 1994 - 1996 Plan Period The following was achieved during the plan period. Disbursement of Kshs. 1, 114,000.00 Board of Governors Grants to 10 Government assisted secondary schools for construction of various school projects e.g dormitories, laboratories, water supply and libraries; 30 new primary and 3 secondary scnools were registered and started operating and Enrolment increased by 5,978 pupils in primary schools and 759 in secondary schools. 128 District Specific Objectives and Targets Objective: Improve standards of Education through prov1s1on of the requisite learning and teaching facilities, housing for teachers and the necessary infrastructure and teaching manpower. Targets: Construct and equip one ( 1) laboratory and two (2) classrooms per year in the existing secondary schools. I Construct four (4) classrooms for primary school per division every year. Provide workshop tools and equipment to one secondary school per year Construct to completion and equip one dormitory block in one secondary school per year Provide library books to two secondary schools with ~xisting library facility 129 . PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES 1: A: On-going Projects ' ~ I Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1 . Board of Governors Grants to Government assisted Grants (BOG) secondary schools for construction District-Wide projects, such as laboratories, equipments, water supplies etc. Funding Source: GOK/BOGs 2. School Milk Programme Supply of milk to primary schools District-Wide Funding Source: GOK 3. Special Education Development of Special Education Programme Materials and Extension services District-Wide Funding Source: DANIDA New Project Proposal Project Name/ Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarter 1 Construction of offices for Offices the District Headquarter staff 01 Kalou and Resource Centre. Justification: 01 Kalou Town is now the District Headquarters, but has no adequate office accommodation. Funding Source: GOK 130 HEALTH Sectoral Policy Objectives The Ministry's policy objective aims at establishing and sustaining high quality health services through improvement of the management and efficiency of preventive, promotive and curative health activities, giving emphasis to the Primary Health Care approach. Review of the 1994 - 1996 Plan Period The following were the achievements of the last plan period:- Construction of out-patient department block and staff houses for Ndogino Health Centre Implementation of Miharati and Saari dispensaries which were funded under Rural Development Fund 117,540 immunizations throughout the district 1,117,762 family planning attendants were recorded 43 Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) were trained Construction of 100 square feet and 350 square feet of anti-malaria drains in Ndaragwa and 01 Kalou Centres respectively. Undertook protection of small water supplies activities in Ndaragwa by protecting one spring and four (4) wells in Kiriita locations. Carried out routine Chemical Control of Vectors (e .g . mosquitoes) . Construction of seven (7) demonstration V .I.P. latrines in various points in the district. Construction of a demonstration roof catchment ferro-cement tank at Kiandage Primary School in Ndaragwa Division. The following was achieved in Health Education:- Training of 210 Community Health Workers ' ' Health Education for 200 Health Workers I Under the AIDS Programme 40 leaders, 200 health workers, .200 youth groups, 100 women groups and 300 civil servants were trained. 131 ( ' The problems incurred included inadequate\lack of funds to effectively carry primary health care programmes and also delays in releasing of earmarked development funds. District Specific Objectives and Targets Objective: Promote community health through prevention of communicable diseases Targets: Carry out regular disease surveillance activities on the communities Conduct two (2) preventive promvtive health education sessions per division per year for the communities Protect two small water supply sources per year (i.e. wells, sprin~s etc) Construct two demonstration V.I.P. latrines per year Complete two on-going anti-malaria and storm water drains and construct a new one per year Objective: Increase immunization coverage from the present 92.7% to 100% Targets: Supply cold chain equipment and vaccines to all new service delivery points across the district · Upgrade one dispensary per division to Health Centre Status. Promote construction of two dispensaries per division. Sensitize the community on health issues using intersectoral approach especially public barazas, · ·seminars, workshops, organized groups and informal meetings. Carry out two training courses per year for community health workers . .O bjective: Increase provision and acceptance rate of maternal child health and family planning acceptance. Targets: Conduct two workshops per year for Community Health Workers and women leaders. 132 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1 . Primary Health Care Immunization Programme Activities Training of Community Health Workers District-Wide Protection of small water supplies Health Education Sanitation Demonstration facilities construction Vector Control Control of a communicable diseases Funding Source: G.O.K. 2. Kenya Expanded Immunization Programme on Family Planning Activities Immunization (KEPI) Provision of equipments to service District-Wide delivery points Funding Source: SIDA 3. Ndogino Health Centre Construction of staff quarters and Ndaragwa equipping of the centre Funding source: G.O .K 4. Engineer Sub-District Provision of equipments Hospital Construction of two wards and staff Kinangop houses \ Funding Source: G.O.K. 5. Kasuku Dispensary Construction of buildings ~ 01 Joro Orok . Funding Source: GOK/Self-Help 133 ., B: New Project Proposals Project Name/ Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking 01 Kalou Hospital Staff Houses 1 Construction of staff houses 01 Kalou Justification: Staff working in 01 Kalou Hospital stay in privately rented premises in 01 Kalou Town, which is far from the hospital . There is need for government quarters Funding Source: G.0.K. Ngano Health 2 Construction of health centre 01 Joro 0rok facilities Justification: The area is underserved with health facilities. The community has to travel long distance for health services. Funding Source:G0K Lereshwa Dispensary 3 Construction of a dispensary Kipipiri Justification: The area is inadequately served with health services. There are no health facilities nearby Funding Source : G.0.K . Nyonjoro Dispensary 4 Construction of a dispensary . Ndaragwa Justification: Area poorly served with health facilities Funding Source : G0K 134 LABOUR AND MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT Sectoral Policy Objectives The principal objectives of the sector are to:- Arbitrate industrial disputes through industrial court. investigations and awards Enforce labour laws through inspection of work places Promote and design appropriate training and manpower development programmes that will support economic development Consult with employers in both public and private sectors, as well as with their employees so as to improve the efficient use of exrsting manpower < The Ministry will, with these objectives in place, provide guidance necessary for their effective planning, development and utilization of human resources in the district through:- Taking stock of existing manpower resources in the district at all sectoral levels with the aim of building base-line information on which to create a data base of skills in various occupations. Formulating manpower development programmes to satisfy existing and anticipated manpower demand; and Updating manpower information necessary for execution of training and other manpower planning programmes. I 135 Review of the 1994 - 1996 Plan Period The following was achieved dur:ing the plan period: The district .employment bureau registered 1,850 persons looking for employment opportunities. 400 of these were referred to employers and absorbed into employment. The department continued playing its role of counselling of job-seekers through advising them on the employment opportunities within the district. It also offered guidance to the unemployed on the type of technical skills they require based on the industrial and trade development in the district. V Some of the problems that were encountered were lack of employers' interest to recruit new employees through the department and instead engaged their own job- seekers. District Specific Objectives and Targets l • Objective: Registration of eligible job seekers and the available vacancies with a view to promoting employment process within the district. Target: Ensure that employment vacancies are registered and that the market employment level increases by an average of 30% per year. \ \ \ 136 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES A: On-going Project Project Name Description of Activities ... Location/Division Career Education Programme Educate school students on career District-Wide guidance and enlighten them on requirements for the existing job opportunities and make them aware of the job market situation Funding Source: GOK B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarters Offices 1 Construction of· offices for the 01-Kalou ministry staff . Justification: The district headquarters have been moved to 01 Kalou Town and it is therefore necessary for the ministry to provide the required office accommodation for its staff Funding Source: G.O.K. 137 · Mobile Registration Camps 2 Establishment of mobile District-Wide registration units Justification: There is need to start mobile units in all the five divisional headquarters of the district to facilitate easier registration of job seekers and employment opportunities. This will enable the dep.a.rtment to be in a position to establish the actual employment situation in the district. Funding Source: G.O.K . ' , 138 .. CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICES Sectoral Policy Objectives The main .objectives of the sector are:- Mobilization of local communities for self-reliance in basic needs and involvement in development planning; Promotion of the role of culture; Intensifying adult education to eradicate illitera~y; Improving sports in the country; Identifying, training and rehabilitation of the disabled persons for self-reliance and; Promoting and raising the status of women through programmes focused on involving women groups in-come generating activities and in decision making at all levels . Review of the 1994 - 1996 Plan Period Department of Social Services The department promoted and registered 357 new self-help groups with enroled membership of 17,201 people. 5--l- new women groups were formed and registered with enrolment of 1728 members and Through harambee activities, Kshs. 41,077, 7 22.10 was recorded as having being raised during the period. Department of Adult Education During the plan period:- Enrolment to Adult Education classes increased bv 30-',• bet\\ een 1994 - 1996; Income generating projects increased by 50•\, over the period : The district Adult Advisory Committee was established and held two meetings . 139 Similar committees were formed at sub-locational level while full teachers (22No) continued receiving training through correspondence. "T:he major constraint encountered was lack of funds. This hindered the training of part time teachers, recruitment of part-time teachers and Community leaders seminars. Department of Sports During the plan period, the Department of Sports organized and hosted annual sporting events within and outside the district. District Specific Objectives and Targets Department of Social Services Objective: Promote and enhance better management of self-help and women groups projects Target: Conduct one workshop session per year per division for community development assistants, and self-help and women groups leaders on management and leadership skills. Objectives: Uplift the social-economic status of women thereby raising the standard of living of family in general. Targets: Promote and register two women groups per division per year and encourage them to start income generating projects. Objectives: Sensitizing the community on the need to participate in economic community development activities. Target: Promote and register 5 self-help groups per division per year and mobilize them into initiating income generating projects. Mobilize school leavers in all five divisions of the district into forming Youth development groups and start economic projects. Objective: Rehabilitate the disabled persons in order to make them participate in development activities and be self-reliant Targets: Construct a dormitory at Nyandarua Vocational Rehabilitation centre in order to admit and train more handicapped people. 140 Increase the capacity of instructors at the centre by 60% and diversify the courses to include agriculture, carpentry, leatherwork and home-economics Department of Adult Education Objective: Intensify and promote adult education for the purpose of minimizing the level of illiteracy Targets: Train the 22 full time and 73 part time untrained teachers operating in the district to make them more effective on adult education teaching Recruit one additional part time and one self-help teachers to each adult education class across the district so that there are adequate adult education facilitators. Conduct one leaders seminar per division per year Facilitate construction of Adult Educatio'n Reading and Resource centres at all the five Divisional Headquarters and provide them with the necessary reading facilities and materials Objective: Encourage the communities to eng·age in social and income generating activities through adult education programme in order to improve their living standards Target: Introduce two class economic projects per sub-location per year with bias towards bee-keeping, roof harvesting, water tank construction, agriculture, home economics, and retailing. Department of Sports Objective: Promote sporting activities and encourage sports talents from the grassroots with the aim of building social co-operation and cohesion among the communities Target: Provide sporting equipments (i.e. netballs, football, shoes, uniforms etc) to existing sports groups in the five divisions Promote and reactivate sports groups in the five divisions Improve and establish stadia at the five divisional headquarters 141 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES Department of Social Services A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1 . Nyandarua Vocational Construction to completion of Rehabilitation Centre dormitory Dormitory 01 Joro-Orok Funding Source: GOK 2. Grants to Self-Help and Assist funding of viable projects for Women groups self-help and women groups District-Wide Funding Source: G.O.K. B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarters Offices 1 Construction of offices for District 01-Kalou · Headquarters staff Justification: The district headquarters have been moved to 01 Kalou town and therefore need to provide office accommodation for the district staff Funding Source: G.O.K. 142 Training of community 2 Hold workshops and seminars for Development Assistants and SDAs and leaders of self-help and Management Committee women groups on project members of self-help and management and leadership skills. women groups. District-Wide Justification: These are grassroots agents of development and therefore require to be trained on the relevant skill of management. Funding Source: G.O.K. Department of Adult Education A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1 . Recruitment of Adult Recruitment of additional part-time and self-help Education Teachers teachers for adult education classes (District-Wide Funcing Source: GOK/Self-Help 2. Training of Teachers Seminars and workshops for untrained and part- District-Wide time teachers Funding Source: G.O.K. 3. Economic Projects for Implementation of income generating projects for classes adult education classes District-Wide Funding Source: G.O.K./Self-Help I ' 143 B: New Project Proposals · Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarters 1 Constructiol') of offices for the ministry Offices staff. 01-Kalou Justification: Nyandarua District Headquarters have been moved to 01 Kalou town and it is therefore for the ministry to provide the required office accommodation for its staff Funding Source: G.O.K. Leaders 2 Conduct seminars/workshops for Seminars\ Workshops leaders. District-Wide Justification: There is need to sensitize leaders at grassroots level on the importance of adult education so that they can be used as agents of promoting the adult education ideals to potential ·· learners and therefore improve the standard of adult education development programmes. Funding Source: G.O.K. Adult Education Reading 3 Establishment of Adult Education and Resource Centres Reading and Resource Centres District-Wide Justification: The project will promote and sustain a reading culture to post literacy graduates and other literate members of the community Funding Source: G.O.K/Self-Help 144 Department of Sports B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking 01 Kalou Stadium 1 Construction of a modern sports stadium 01-Kalou at 01 Kalou complete with offices for the Sports Department staff Justification: Having been made the District Headquarters, 01 Kalou deserves a modern stadium which can host district sports festivals. there will also be office accommodation at the stadium for the departmental staff Funding Source: G.O.K. Sports Equipment 2 Procurement and provision of sports - Programme equipment (i.e. balls, kits, nets, dart District-Wide boards etc) Justification: Effective promotion of sports can only be achieved by motivating sportsmen and women through availability of the necessary equipments Funding Source: G.O.K. I r . 145 \ OFFICE OF THE"PRESIDENT Sectoral Policy Objectives Apart from providing overall co-ordination for all departments in the district, the Office of the President is responsible for, among other things, provision of security, issuance of national identity cards, registration of births and deaths, co-ordination of environmental matters and general administration. Other objectives are:- Strengthening of field administrative services from the district to the sub- locational level; I Ensuring law and order by strengthening security especially in major urban .i . centres in order to step down crime; Ensuring proper financial management and adhering to proper procurement procedures of government items; Ensuring efficient operation of government activities in the district. Review Of the 1994 - 1996 Plan Period Provincial Administration The Ndaragwa District Officer's office was , 65 % completed with the little funds allocated durin~ the period. Police Department There were no funds allocated from the proposed development projects for the 1994 - 1996 Plan Period. Registration of Persons The department constructed a pre-fabricated office block for the district headquarters staff at Ol'Kalou. 146 District Specific Objectives and Targets Provincial Administration Objective: Co-ordinate social, political, and economic activities in the district with the aim of ensuring that there is effective and balanced development of the district. Target: Re-activate the operations of all development committees at sub-location, location and divisional levels especially on issues pertaining to promotion of industrial activities. Police Department Objectives: To ensure that the security of the people and their property is guaranteed so that they can actively participate in development activities in all the five divisions to improve effectiveness of the department. Target: Increase patrols and open new outpost stations throughout the district. Registration of Persons Objective: To ensure that all Kenyans residing in the district who are eighteen years and above are registered and issued with (the new generation) National Identity Cards. Target: Establish of registration centres in all existing locations. 147 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES Provincial Administration A: On-going Project Project Name Description Of Activities Location/Division 1. Ndaragwa Divisional Constru_ction of office block to District Officer's Offi ce completion: Ndaragwa Funding Source: GOK B: New Project Proposals " Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarters 1 Construction of district headquarters Ol'Kalou offices. Justification: Since Ol'Kalou Town has been made the district headquarters, all departments are supposed to be accommodated there. Funding Source: GOK Kin.angop Divisional 2 Construction of an office block at District Officer's Office Engineer. Kinangop Justification: The district officer operates from Tulaga which is far from the centre of the division at Engineer. Funding Source: GOK 148 Police Department B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority . Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking Police Divisional Offices 1 Construction of District Police Ol'Kalou Headquarters. Justification: The OCPD and all personnel will req~ire offices and other facilities that go with a Police Divisional offices at Ol'Kalou Town which has been made the Nyandarua District Headquarters. _ Funding Source: GOK 01' Joro Orok Police Station 2 Construction of Police Line. 01' Joro Orok. Justification: There is need to construct proper facilities for a Police Station at 01' Joro Orok divisional headquarters. Currently, the staff occupy a condemned building as offices. Funding Source: GOK ., Magumu Police Post 3 : Construction of a police post Kinangop building. Justification: Permanent buildings should be provided for the police post which is very important in the area. Funding Source: GOK. 149 Registration of Persons B: New Project Proposal Project Name Priority Description Of Activities Location/Division Ranking Divisional Registration of 1 Construction of offices in every Persons Offices District-wide divisional headquarters for registration of persons. Justification: It will be in the interest of the public Jo establish registration centres where they can easily reach. Funding Source: GOK 150 VICE PRESIDENT, PLANNING AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Sectoral Policy Objectives The mail') objectives of the ministry include:- Formulation and coordination of development strategies, Oversee the systematic production of basic data on the economic and social variation of government projects and programmes. Formulation of strategies, programmes and projects that support the district focus strategy and rural development objectives; Carrying out district level planning through systems development; Implementing projects and programmes funded through the ministry. Gathering and analyzing data related to the formulation . of appropriate strategies and planning purposes. Review Of the 1994 - 1996 Plan Period During the plan period, the Ministry completed implementation of seven (7) Rural Development Fund and two (2) EEC-Micro projects. The CBS also carried out Urban Household Budget Surveys (U.H.B.S.), Information Education and communication Situation Survey, Immunization Coverage Survey, Welfare Monitoring Survey, Pre-primary development survey and Mid-Decade Goals Survey. l • District Specific Objectives and Targets Objective: . Implement planning strategies that support the strengthening · · of the district focus strategy. Target: Prepare annual annexes to the 1997 - 2001 District Development Plan. Objective: Collection, analysis and dissemination of data in the divisions to be used for formulation of plan strategies. Target: Conduct statistical surveys in the five divisions of the district using two (2) urban and 24 rural clusters operating under the National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme (NASSEP 111). 151 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES A: On-going Project Project Name Description Of Activities Location/Division Economic Statistical Surveys Conducting monthly, quarterly and District-wide annual surveys to facilitate writing of the "Economic Survey". These include: Labour Enumeration Survey, Business Expectations Enquiry, Local authorities capital expenditure survey , Hotel and Tourism Statistics, Building Statistics, Livestock Statistics, etc. Funding Source: GOK. B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description Of Activities Location/Division Ranking District Headquarters 1 Construction of offices for the ministry Offices 01' Kalou staff. Justification: This is a new district headquarters and there are no offices. Funding Source: GOK Labour Force Survey 2 Conduct survey on the district's Labour District-wide Force. Justification: There' is need to gauge the level of unemployment in the district for planning purposes. Funding Source: GOK. 152 Agricultural Production 3 Conduct survey on agricultural survey District Wide production and marketing in the district. Justification: Since agriculture is the main economic activity in the district there is need to gather data to ascertain the real picture of this sector. Funding Source: GOK • I i I. : . I. 153 · / LOCAL GOVERNMENT . Sectoral Policy Objectives The main objectives of the Ministry are: To curb rural-urban migration by focusing development resources on small urban centres within the district Improvement of the necessary infrastructure, giving emphasis to markets, slaughter houses, water supply, sewerage and roads with an objective of, - providing incentives for private investment to take place. Review of the 1994 Plan Period Nyandarua County Council The council did not get the anticipated loans from the Local Government Loan Authority (L.G.L.A) during the 1994 - 1996 period. In the absence of this source of finance, all the development activities the council undertook were financed from the revenue reserves which were nevertheless limited. I / The Council carried out minor road improvement works in liaison with the Roads 1 Department, maintenance works on the existing drainage systems in 5 trading centres; undertook refuse collection in 7 trading and market centres where disposal pits have been established; constructed 15 Public V.I.P. latrines in various training and market centres; gave grants for teacher salaries to 105 Nursery Schools every year and constructed sewerage disposal pits in 5 major rural trading centres. 01 Kalou Town Council During the 1994 - 96 Plan Period, 01 Kalou Town Council anticipated to be considered for the Local Government Loan Authority facility to enable the council implement various development projects. However, the council was not considered for the loans and therefore implemented only a few projects from its revenue reserves. These were:- Construction of a temporary bus park, minor improvement of roads within the town council and established two tree nurseries with 20,000 seedlings. 154 District Specific Objectives and Targets Nyandarua County Council Objective: To provide an enabling environment for public and private· - investment to take place Targets: Improve and renovate drainage systems in 5 major trading centres within the dis_!!j_c_Land reconstruct two others which ha~e-~n-d~ Intensify garbage collection works in trade and market.centres. I Undertake major road improvement programme for all access roads leading to the commercial centres and milk roads in the rural areas that are important for transportation of Agricultural and livestock producP ; . ' 01 Kalou Town Council '! . I ) i Objective: Promotion , of an environment that is conducive to I. establis~r;nent of public and private enterprises within the County Council Targets: Construct a sewerage system which will service the whole of 01 Kalou Town Establish an effective and efficient garbage collection systerr for the town I • I· Provide a modern open air market where foodstuff and other 'I ' I. domestic requirements will be easily accessible. I, J I I I I l: 155 PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES Nyandarua County Council A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1. Roads Improvement Grading, gravelling, regravelling and Programme culverting of road network in the District-Wide district in liaison with the ministry of Public Works. Funding Source: N.C.C. 2. Market Drainage Construction and improvement of System drainage systems in trade and market District-Wide centres Funding Source: NCC 3. Garbage Collection Collecting and disposing garbage from District-Wide commercial centres Funding Source: N.C.C. 4. V.1.P. Latrines Construction of public toilet facilities in District-Wide trading centres. Funding Source: NCC 5. Sewage Pits Construction of pits for sewage District-Wide disposal in trade and market centres. Funding Source: NCC 6. Grants to Pre-Schools Give financial assistance to nursery District-Wide schools for paying teachers' salaries Funding Source: N.C.C. 156 B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description Of Activities Location/Division Ranking Nyandarua County 1 Construction of Council offices, workshops, Council Offices social hall etc. Ol'Kalou Justification: Since 01 Kalou Town has been made the district, the council will require to construct its headquarters at the town in line with government departments / Funding Source: GOK Loan Stock Yards 2 Establishment of stock yards at major trade Development and market centres District-wide I I Justification: There is need to promote centralized livestock marketing for ease of revenue collection and improved marketing system. I' Funding Source: G.O.K. Loan Protection of Public 3 Protecting dams from human encroachment· ' Dams District Wide by fencing off the entire dam areas and i' ; planting of trees on the banks. Justification: The dams are a major source of water for most of the communities, while water is a major development constraint in the district. There is need to protect them. Funding Source: N.C.C. Site and Service 4 Construction of market stall in major trading Market Stalls centres. District-Wide Justification: The markets will be a major source of council revenue. They will also create employment opportunities for the people. Funding Source: G.O.K Loan 157 01 Kalou Town Council A: On-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1 . Road Improvement Programme Grading and gravelling of roads 01 Kalou Town Council network within the Town Council Funding Source: O.T.C. 2. Bus Park Construction of the bus park and the Of Kalol• trade stall to permanent status Funding Source: O.T.C. 3. 01 Kalou Open Air Market Construction of the Open Air Whole- = 01 Kalou Town sale market to permanent status Funding Source: OTC 4. Sanitation Services Procure garbage collection vehicle and 01 Kalou Town related equipment - Fundi,ng Source: O.T.C. 5. Huruma Estate Development Improve infrastructure and sanitary Town Council facijities Funding Source: O.T.C. 158 B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description of Activities Location/Division Ranking Sewerage System 1 Construction of a sewerage system for the 01 Kalou Town town. Justification: The town lacks sewerage facility. The system is needed since the town is expected to grow even faster now that it has been made the district headquarters for Nyandarua. Funding Source: G.0.K. Loan Slaughter House 2 Construction of a modern self-contained 01 Kalou Town slaughter house. Justification: The existing slaughter facility is not adequate for the growing town. Increased slaughter activities require a modern facility. · Funding Source: G.0.K. Loan Street Lighting 3 Provision of lighting major streets. 01 Kalou Town Justification: There is need to provide street lights for security purposes during the nights. Funding Source: G0K 159 INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING Sectoral Policy Objectives The major objectives of the sector is to: Promote an informed citizenry Gather, process and disseminate information required for the political, economic and social development of the coµntry; and Promote high quality radio, television and film and print media systems. B: Review of the 1994 - 1996 Plan Period I: i During the period under review, the department's personnel covered numerous formal and informal meetings all over the district and the Nyahururu District Office block was re-roofed. The major constraints were transport problems due to break down of the only vehicle and inadequate funds for travelling. These adversely affected the operations of the department especially with regards to news gathering and reporting. District Specific Objectives and Targets Objective: Inform, educate and entertain the public on day to day social , economic, political and cultural events that take place in the district. Target: Increase the number of staff reporters at the district and divisional levels by 50% during the plan period. Objective: Articulate government policy on all its functions and the desired development agenda Target: Undertake screening of the relevant films tvyice a year per division. l(i() ' PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description Of Activities Location/Division ~anking District Headquarters 1 Construction of offices for District Offices Headquarters staff. Ol'Kalou Justification: 01 Kalou has been made the headquarters for the district and there is therefore need to provide offices. Funding Source: G.O.K Kinangop Sub-District 2 Construction of Information Office for Information Office Engineer Sub-District Engineer-Kinangop Justification: The office will adequately cover the eastern and western areas of the district which are currently poorly served. · Funding Source: G.O.K. / . r, 161 HOME AFFAIRS AND NATIONAL HERITAGE Sectoral Policy Objectives The major objectives of the ministry are to:- Carry out rehabilitation programme which aims at training and counselling prisoners to that they can reform and integrate into society upon release as responsible citizens. Initiate activities and programmes which promote children's services as well as co-ordinating and overseeing government and non-governmental agencies which supplement children's. services. Supervise and rehabilitate criminal offenders placed under the probation order and also assisting the courts with adjudication of probation cases. Review of 1994 - 96 Plan Period Prisons Department During 1994-1996 Plan Period, the prisons department did not implement the proposed project due to lack of funds. However, the department continued with its programme of training prisoners on various skills e.g. carpentry and joinery, saw doctoring and timber milling, modern farming methods and livestock production. Probation Department During the period under review: The department managed to ~ssist the court in preparing 425 pre-sentence reports; Rehabilitated 30 offenders outside the penal institutions by cas~-work, counselling and group-work methods; Assisted in over-seeing resettlement of ex-inmates released from Borstal institutions and Give 6 public lectures in public forums and schools as part of awareness campaign on the detriments of crime. Children's Department During the plan period, the department continued to register and assist in rehabilitation, education, training and placement of delinquencies, destitute and orphaned children and to give guidance services to parents especially those with cases of neglected children and offered family life education extension services to members of the public. . 162 District Specific Objectives and Targets Prisons Department Objective : Develop and maintain proper prison facilities that will ensure that the health of the prisoners i.s assured. Target: Construct a modern and spacious new prison. Objective: Promote rehabilitation of prisons so that upon release, they return to society as responsible and productive citicens. Target: Intensify the teaching programme on skills in various trades (e.g. carpentry, agriculture, sewing e.t.c.) and introduce other economic courses like masonary, leather tanning and poultry keeping. Probation Department Objective: To rehabilitate offenders referred from the courts and penal institutions within the context of the community and involving them in economic activities. Target: Assist in over-seeing resettlement of abottl 10 referred cases per year under the after-care programme· Children's Department Objective:· Promote the rehabilitation of the Juvenile-' !k so that they return to the society as reformed citizen_s. . Targets: _Undertake guidance and counselling ~ctivitfes Ln'all the five divisions of the district. 163 . PROJECT AND PROGRAMME PRIORITIES Probation Department A: ..O n-going Projects Project Name Description of Activities Location/Division 1. Rehabilitation of Probationers Supervision of offenders released by District-wide courts on probation through counselling and assisting them to undertake economic activities. Funding Source: G.O.K. 2. Resettlement of Inmates from Assist ex-inmates to undertake self- Borstal institutions help economic activities. District wide Funding Source: GOK B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description Of Activities Location/Division .Ranking District Headquarters Offices 1 Construction of office for the OI Kalou / district headquarters staff. Justification: The Department will require adequate office accommodation at Ol'Kalau Town District headquarters to house staff for both probation and children's departments. Funding Source: GOK. 164 Engineer Probation Office 2 Construction of Divisional Kinangop Probation Offices .. Justification: The office will cater for probation activities in Kinangop and parts of Kipipiri divisions in order to improve efficiency and safe operational costs of travelling to the district headquarters. Funding Source: G.O.K Children's Department A: On-going Projects Project Name Description Of Activities Location/Div.is ion 1 . Rehabilitation of Juveniles Educate, train and placement of District-Wide Juveniles Funding Source: G.O .K. 2. Family Planning Education Educate the public on matters related District-Wide to family life and children's rights Funding Source: G.O.K. 165 Prison's Department B: New Project Proposals Project Name Priority Description Of Activities Location/Division · Ranking 01 Kalou Prison 1 Construction of a new prison Ol'Kalou Justification: The current prison is located on a 3.5 acres plot in Nyahururu which is too small for further development and is already congested. Funding Source: G.O.K. 166