COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF KWALE REPUBLIC OF KENYA COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN FY2025 – 2026 “Continuing Transforming Kwale Together” SEPTEMBER 2024 ©County Annual Development Plan (CADP) 2024 To obtain copies of the document, please contact: Budget & Economic Planning Division County Treasury County Government of Kwale P.O BOX 4 – 80403 KWALE, KENYA. Email: countytreasury@kwale.go.ke Website: www.kwalecountygov.com mailto:countytreasury@kwale.go.ke http://www.kwalecountygov.com/ KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page i Vision, Mission and Core Values Vision Best County in Public Service Delivery Mission To provide efficient and effective services through good governance and servant leadership that will enhance the quality of life of our citizens Core Values Transparency, Accountability and Integrity Inclusiveness and Equity Empowerment Quality and Result Oriented Innovation KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page ii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACFTA African Continental Free Trade AEZs Agro-Ecological zones AGPO Access to Government Procurement Opportunities AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ANC Ante-Natal clinic ARVs Antiretroviral ASALs Arid and Semi-Arid Lands ASDSP Agricultural Sector Development Support Programme BDS Business Development Services BMUs Beach Management Unit BOMs Boards of Management CADP County Annual Development Plan CBD Central Business District CBEF County Budget and Economic Forum CBP Community Based Policing CBTA Cross-Border Trade Association CDA Coast Development Authority CDF Constituency Development Fund CECM County Executive Committee Member CESAs Critically Ecological Significant Areas CHWs Community Health Workers CHVs Community Health Volunteers CGA County Government Act CGK County Government of Kwale CFAs Community Forest Associations CPF Common Programming Framework CPSB County Public Service Board KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page iii CIDP County Integrated Development Plan CIMES County Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System CMTF Community Mining Trust Fund COG Council of Governors COMRED Coastal & Marine Resources Development CSP County Sectoral Plan DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DFZ Disease Free Zone DRR Disaster Risk Reduction EAC East African Community ECD Early Childhood Development ECDE Early Childhood Development Education EDE Ending Drought Emergencies EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EMS Environmental Management System EPZ Export Processing Zones ESAs Ecologically Significant Areas EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FDI Foreign Direct Investments FLLoCA Funds for Local Level Climate Action FM Frequency Modulation FPE Free Primary Education GDP Gross Domestic Product GOK Government of Kenya HDI Human Development Index HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ICT Information Communication Technology IDEAS/LED Instruments for Devolution Advice and Support/Local Economic Development KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page iv IEBC Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development JKZP Jumuiya ya Kaunti za Pwani KAA Kenya Airports Authority KBC Kenya Broadcasting Corporation KCDP Kenya Coast Development Project KCEP-CRAL Kenya Cereals Enhancement Programme/Climate Resilient Agricultural Livelihoods KCG Kwale County Government KCNRN Kwale County Natural Resources Network KDHS Kenya Demographic & Household Survey KEMFRI Kenya Marine &Fisheries Research Institute KENHA Kenya National Highways Authority KeRRA Kenya Rural Roads Authority KFS Kenya Forestry Service KFSSG Kenya Food Security Steering Group KIHBS Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey KIA Kenya Investment Authority KISCOL Kwale International Sugar Company KPIs Key Performance Indicators KMA Kenya Maritime Authority KMD Kenya Meteorological Department KNBS Kenya National Bureau of Statistics KPA Kenya Ports Authority KPHC Kenya Population and Housing Census KRCS Kenya Red Cross Society KSG Kenya School of Government KTB Kenya Tourism Board KTN Kenya Television Network KURA Kenya Urban Roads Authority KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page v KWFT Kenya Women Finance Trust KWS Kenya Wildlife Service KWAWASCO Kwale Water & Sewerage Company LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas MDGs Millennium Development Goals MFIs Micro Finance Institutions MMR Maternal Mortality Rates MSSE Medium and Small scale Enterprise MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework MTP Medium Term Plan NARIGP National Agricultural and Rural Inclusive Growth NCPB National Cereals and Produce Board NEMA National Environmental Management Authority NSP Nation Spatial Plan NTV Nation Television ODPP Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions OPV Oral Polio Vaccine PLWD People Living with Disability PPP Public Private Partnership PSV Passenger Service Vehicles QAS Quality Assurance Sessions RLF Revolving Loan Fund SACCOs Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies SDCD State Department for Crop Development SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SDP State Department for Planning SEZ Special Economic Zones SGR Standard Gauge Railway SIDA Swedish International Development Agency KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page vi SME Small and Medium Enterprises ToT Training of Trainers TOWA Total War Against HIV/AIDS TNA Training Needs Assessments TUM Technical University of Mombasa UHC Universal Health Care UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Funds VAT Value Added Tax VSLA Village Savings and Loans Associations VTC Vocational Training Centre WB World Bank WEF Women Enterprise Fund WHO World Health Organization WFP World Food Program WSDP Water and Sanitation Development Project WSP Water Service Providers YEDF Youth Enterprise Development Fund KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page vii FOREWORD The budget making process of a county government starts with the preparation of a development plan which should be formulated in accordance with the Constitution. In section 104 of the County Governments Act (CGA) 2012, it is mandatory for a county government to plan and that no public funds shall be appropriated outside a planning framework. Further, section 126 of the Public Finance Management Act, 2012 requires county governments to prepare a development plan in accordance with Article 220 (2) of the Constitution, which should be submitted for approval to the county assembly not later than 1st September of each year. The County Annual Development Plan (CADP) provides the basis for implementing the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) and guiding resource allocation to priority projects and programmes. The CADP provides a platform for linking county development priorities in the CIDP to the county annual budget. Section 105 of the County Governments Act 2012 requires the county planning unit to ensure there are linkages between county plans and the national planning framework. The CADP will therefore provide a means for linking the county development priorities to the Kenya Vision 2030 and its MTP IV and also the Kenya Kwanza’s Bottom Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA). The CADP will also be linked to the County Performance Management Framework to give evidence based results. The CADP has a Monitoring and Evaluation framework which assessing progress of county programmes and projects thus enabling counties to demonstrate their development results. The CADP should outline among others: the strategic priorities for the medium term that reflect the County Government’s priorities and plans; county programmes and projects to be delivered; measurable indicators of performance where feasible; and the budget allocated to the programmes and projects. Section 115(1) of the County Governments Act 2012, stipulates that public participation is mandatory in the county planning process. This CADP 2025/2026 was developed through a participatory and inclusive process involving all stakeholders. Public participation meetings were conducted across all the wards in the county. Proposals on the priority programs and projects were collected and submitted to the departments .Due to the recent developments where funds to county governments have been reduced, the county government proposed to defer the current financial year development projects to coming financial year FY 2025/2026 with minimal changes to cater for envisaged changes in development priorities. KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page viii This CADP 2025-2026 will continue the transformation agenda in the CIDP 2023-2027 by implementing high impact and transformative programmes to enhance the quality of life of the Kwale Citizens. This plan will continue prioritizing improvement in healthcare services, access to clean and safe water, agricultural production and productivity, human capital development and economic empowerment of the people of Kwale. Implementation of this plan is expected to increase the access to healthcare services, and water provision, improve enrolment in ECDE and VTCs, create more employment opportunities, generate wealth and reduce poverty. The implementation of this CADP 2025-2026 will require Kshs 2,889,433,657 which translates to about 31.7 percent of the total expected resources amounting to Kshs 9,117,499,175 in the financial year 2025/2026.The balance of Kshs 6,238,065,518 will be for recurrent expenditures. The County Government will enhance its efforts to mobilize adequate resources to implement the plan. The key resources mobilization strategies will include: lobbying for the release of the mining royalties, conclusion of the Valuation Roll, strengthening enforcement efforts and full automation of all revenue streams. In the preparation of this CADP 2025-2026 we received contributions from various stakeholders. We are grateful to all stakeholders who provided their inputs for incorporation into this plan. We appreciate the wise counsel and guidance we received from H.E Governor and Deputy Governor in the preparation of this plan. We remain committed to full implementation of this plan. HON. BAKARI HASSAN SEBE, COUNTY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBER, EXECUTIVE SERVICES, FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Preparation of the County Annual Development Plan was made successful through the efforts of a number of players who I wish to appreciate. Special thanks go to H.E Governor and Deputy Governor for the wise leadership and guidance in the preparation of this plan. I also wish to appreciate the County Executive Committee members, Chief Officers and technical officers from departments for their inputs. I wish to recognise the public service and administration departmental officers who mobilized participants in the wide public consultations. Representatives came from the village units, civil society organisations, faith and community based organisations, youth and women groups, professional bodies, development partners and the private sector. The non-state members of the County Budget and Economic Forum spearheaded the public participation exercise. We appreciate their efforts. Finally, the team of officers from the County Treasury Economic Planning directorate coordinated the entire preparation process. I wish to recognise the technical team under the leadership of the County Director Economic Planning and Budgeting for their good work. The team worked tirelessly to deliver this credible plan within the statutory deadline. I appreciate their efforts and diligence in public service delivery. ALEX ONDUKO THOMAS, COUNTY CHIEF OFFICER, EXECUTIVES SERVICES, FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY One of the functions of county governments in the Fourth schedule of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 is county planning and development. County Government Act (CGA) 2012, Section 104 obligates a county government to plan and that no public funds shall be appropriated outside a planning framework. The county plans shall be prepared by the county executive and approved by the county assembly. Section 107 of the County Government Act gives the types and purpose of county plans which shall be the basis for all budgeting and spending in a county. Public Finance Management Act (PFMA), 2012 outlines the county planning framework which provides for the preparation of various plans and among them the County Annual Development Plans (CADPs). The CADP provides the basis for implementing the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) and guiding resource allocation to priority projects and programmes. This CADP is prepared as a roadmap that will be pursued by the county government to offer quality services that will transform the lives of county citizens for the period 2025-2026. This Plan is organised as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter provides an overview of the county, the rationale for the preparation of the ADP and preparation process of the plan. It provides a brief description of the county information in terms of: demographic profiles; administrative and political units. It highlights the socio-economic and infrastructural information that has a bearing on the development of the county. The section also presents the county broad priorities and strategies as per the CIDP that will be implemented during the plan period. Chapter 2: Review of Implementation of the Previous CADP 2023/2024: This chapter provides a review of sector/ sub-sector achievements, challenges encountered and lessons learnt during the implementation of the previous plan. Chapter 3: County Strategic Priorities, Programmes and Projects: This chapter forms the main body of the plan. In addition to highlighting each sector’s vision, mission and goal, it gives the sectors development programs and strategies. Chapter 4: Resource Requirements: This chapter highlights the institutional and coordination framework in the implementation of the annual development plan. In addition, it indicates the resources and capacity required to implement the plan. Further, it provides the possible risks that may hinder implementation of this sectoral plan and the proposed mitigation measures. Chapter 5: Monitoring and Evaluation Framework: This chapter outlines the monitoring, evaluation and reporting framework. This framework is essential for tracking progress and reporting of results to stakeholders. KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page xi SUMMARY OF PROPOSED COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 – 2026 PROPOSED COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN FY 2025/2026 CODE VOTE AMOUNT IN KSH 3061 Finance and Economic Planning 40,000,000 3062 Agriculture,Livestock and Fisheries 141,000,000 3063 Environment and Natural Resources 196,935,450 3064 Curative and Rehabilitative Health Services 267,200,000 3065 County Assembly 200,000,000 3066 Trade,Investment and Cooperatives 195,000,000 3067 Social Services & Talent Management 110,179,771 3068 Executive Services 200,000,000 3069 Education 260,884,000 3070 Water Services 248,335,000 3071 Roads and Public Works 647,723,547 3072 Tourism and ICT 23,000,000 3073 County Public Service Board - 3074 Public Service and Administration 21,000,000 3075 Kwale Municipality 56,000,000 3076 Diani Municipality 40,000,000 3077 Office of the County Attorney - 3078 Lungalunga Municipality 28,160,000 3079 Kinango Municipality 22,400,000 3080 Promotive and Preventive Health Services 191,615,889 TOTAL DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE 2,889,433,657 PERCENT ALLOCATION 31.66 TOTAL RECURRENT EXPENDITURE 6,238,065,518 PERCENT ALLOCATION 68.34 TOTAL EXPECTED RESOURCES 9,127,499,175 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page xii TABLE OF CONTENTS VISION ........................................................................................................................................................ I MISSION ..................................................................................................................................................... I CORE VALUES .......................................................................................................................................... I ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................................................. II FOREWORD........................................................................................................................................... VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................ IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... X SUMMARY OF PROPOSED COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 XI TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... XII LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................ XVIII LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................. XVIII CHAPTER ONE: COUNTY OVERVIEW .............................................................................................. 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 POSITION AND SIZE ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 PHYSIOGRAPHIC AND NATURAL CONDITIONS .............................................................................. 2 1.3.1 Physical and Topographic Features .......................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Drainage and Water Resources ................................................................................................. 3 1.3.3 Water Potential .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.4 Climatic Conditions .................................................................................................................. 5 1.3.5 Ecological Conditions ............................................................................................................... 6 1.4 ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL UNITS ..................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Administrative Units ................................................................................................................. 6 1.4.2 County Government Administrative wards by Sub County...................................................... 7 Source: Kwale County Government Public Service and Administration’s Office................................ 7 1.4.3 Political Units (Constituency and wards) .................................................................................. 7 1.5 DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES ............................................................................................................ 8 1.5.1 Population Size and Composition ............................................................................................. 9 1.5.2 Demographic Dividend ........................................................................................................... 13 1.6 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX ................................................................................................... 13 1.6.1 Household Income and Per Capita Income ............................................................................. 13 1.6.2 Poverty Levels......................................................................................................................... 14 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page xiii 1.7 RATIONALE FOR PREPARATION OF ADP ..................................................................................... 14 1.8 PREPARATION PROCESS OF THE ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ................................................ 15 1.9 LINKAGE OF THE ADP WITH OTHER PLANS................................................................................ 16 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVIOUS COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2023-2024 ....................................................................................................... 17 2.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 17 2.1 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW ........................................................................................... 17 2.1.1 Revenue performance ............................................................................................................. 17 2.1.2 Expenditure analysis ............................................................................................................... 17 2.1.3 Pending bills ............................................................................................................................ 19 2.2 SECTOR PROGRAMMES PERFORMANCE REVIEW ........................................................................ 20 2.2.1 Executive Services, Finance and Economic Planning Sector ................................................. 20 2.2.2 Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries ...................................................................................... 24 2.2.3 Environment and Natural Resource Management .................................................................. 28 2.2.4 Medical and Public Health services ........................................................................................ 32 2.2.5 County Assembly .................................................................................................................... 47 2.2.6 Tourism and Enterprise Development .................................................................................... 50 2.2.7 Social Services and Talent Management ................................................................................ 59 2.2.8 Education ................................................................................................................................ 65 2.2.9 Water Services ........................................................................................................................ 75 2.2.10 Roads and Public Works ..................................................................................................... 93 2.2.11 Department of Public Service and Administration ........................................................... 111 2.2.12 Kwale Municipality........................................................................................................... 113 2.2.13 Diani Municipality ............................................................................................................ 115 CHAPTER THREE: COUNTY STRATEGIC PRIORITIES, PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS 117 2.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 117 3.1 DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE, EXECUTIVE SERVICES AND ECONOMIC PLANNING ...................... 117 3.1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 117 3.1.2 Sector Vision ......................................................................................................................... 117 3.1.3 Sector Mission ...................................................................................................................... 117 3.1.4 Sector Objectives .................................................................................................................. 117 2.1.1 Strategic Priorities ................................................................................................................. 117 2.1.2 Key stakeholders ................................................................................................................... 118 3.1.5 Programmes and Projects ...................................................................................................... 118 3.1.6 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations .................................................................... 121 3.2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES ................................................. 122 3.2.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 122 3.2.2 Vision .................................................................................................................................... 122 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page xiv 3.2.3 Mission .................................................................................................................................. 122 3.2.4 Strategic Objectives .............................................................................................................. 122 3.2.5 Strategic Priorities ................................................................................................................. 122 3.2.6 Key Stakeholders .................................................................................................................. 123 3.2.7 Programmes and Projects ...................................................................................................... 124 3.2.8 Capital /Development Projects .............................................................................................. 127 3.2.9 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations .................................................................... 130 3.3 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES ............................... 130 3.3.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 130 3.3.2 Vision .................................................................................................................................... 130 3.3.3 Mission .................................................................................................................................. 130 3.3.4 Strategic Objectives .............................................................................................................. 130 3.3.5 Strategic Priorities ................................................................................................................. 131 3.3.6 Key stakeholders ................................................................................................................... 131 3.3.7 Programmes and Projects ...................................................................................................... 132 3.3.8 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations .................................................................... 136 3.4 DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES ................................................... 137 3.4.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 137 3.4.2 Vision .................................................................................................................................... 137 3.4.3 Mission .................................................................................................................................. 137 3.4.4 Strategic Objectives .............................................................................................................. 137 3.4.5 Sector Priorities and Strategic Interventions ......................................................................... 138 3.4.6 Key stakeholders ................................................................................................................... 140 3.4.7 Programmes and Projects ...................................................................................................... 141 3.4.8 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations .................................................................... 153 3.5 COUNTY ASSEMBLY .................................................................................................................. 154 3.5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 154 3.5.2 Vision .................................................................................................................................... 154 3.5.3 Mission .................................................................................................................................. 154 3.5.4 Strategic objectives ............................................................................................................... 154 3.5.5 Sector Priorities and Interventions ........................................................................................ 154 3.5.6 Key stakeholders ................................................................................................................... 155 3.5.7 Programmes and Projects ...................................................................................................... 156 3.6 DEPARTMENT OF TRADE, INVESTMENTS AND COOPERATIVES ................................................. 156 3.6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 156 3.6.2 Vision .................................................................................................................................... 156 3.6.3 Mission .................................................................................................................................. 156 3.6.4 Strategic Objectives .............................................................................................................. 157 3.6.5 Sector Priorities and Strategic Interventions ......................................................................... 157 3.6.6 Programmes and Projects ...................................................................................................... 159 3.6.7 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations .................................................................... 162 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page xv 3.7 DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES AND TALENT MANAGEMENT ........................................... 163 3.7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 163 3.7.2 Vision .................................................................................................................................... 163 3.7.3 Mission .................................................................................................................................. 163 3.7.4 Strategic Objectives .............................................................................................................. 163 3.7.5 Strategic Priorities and Strategic Interventions ..................................................................... 164 3.7.6 Key stakeholders ................................................................................................................... 164 3.7.7 Programmes and Projects ...................................................................................................... 165 3.7.8 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations .................................................................... 167 3.8 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ................................................................................................... 168 3.8.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 168 3.8.2 Vision .................................................................................................................................... 168 3.8.3 Mission .................................................................................................................................. 168 3.8.4 Strategic Objectives .............................................................................................................. 168 3.8.5 Sector Strategic Priorities ...................................................................................................... 168 3.8.6 Key stakeholders ................................................................................................................... 169 3.8.7 Programmes and Projects ...................................................................................................... 169 3.8.8 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations .................................................................... 174 3.8.9 Payments of Grants, Benefits and Subsidies ......................................................................... 176 3.9 DEPARTMENT OF WATER SERVICES ......................................................................................... 176 3.9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 176 3.9.2 Vision .................................................................................................................................... 176 3.9.3 Mission .................................................................................................................................. 176 3.9.4 Strategic Objectives .............................................................................................................. 176 3.9.5 Strategic Priorities and Strategic Interventions ..................................................................... 176 3.9.6 Key stakeholders ................................................................................................................... 177 3.9.7 Programmes and Projects ...................................................................................................... 178 3.9.8 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations .................................................................... 182 3.10 DEPARTMENT OF ROADS AND PUBLIC WORKS ........................................................................ 182 3.11 DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM AND ICT ....................................................................................... 191 3.11.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 191 3.11.2 Vision ................................................................................................................................ 191 3.11.3 Mission .............................................................................................................................. 191 3.11.4 Department Objectives ...................................................................................................... 192 3.11.5 Strategic Priorities and Strategic Interventions ................................................................. 192 3.11.6 Programmes and Projects .................................................................................................. 192 3.11.7 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations ................................................................ 194 3.12 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE AND ADMINISTRATION ...................................................... 195 3.12.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 195 3.12.2 Vision ................................................................................................................................ 195 3.12.3 Mission .............................................................................................................................. 195 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page xvi 3.12.4 Strategic Objectives .......................................................................................................... 195 3.12.5 Strategic Priorities and Strategic Interventions ................................................................. 196 3.12.6 Key stakeholders ............................................................................................................... 196 3.12.7 Programmes and Projects .................................................................................................. 197 3.12.8 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations ................................................................ 198 3.13 KWALE MUNICIPALITY ...................................................................................................... 200 3.13.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 200 3.13.2 Vision ................................................................................................................................ 201 3.13.3 Mission .............................................................................................................................. 201 3.13.4 Strategic Objectives .......................................................................................................... 201 3.13.5 Strategic Priorities and Strategic Interventions ................................................................. 201 3.13.6 Key stakeholders ............................................................................................................... 202 3.13.7 Programmes and Projects .................................................................................................. 202 3.13.8 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations ................................................................ 203 3.14 DIANI MUNICIPALITY .......................................................................................................... 204 3.14.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 204 3.14.2 Vision ................................................................................................................................ 204 3.14.3 Mission .............................................................................................................................. 204 3.14.4 Strategic Objectives .......................................................................................................... 204 3.14.5 Strategic Priorities and Strategic Interventions ................................................................. 204 3.14.6 Key stakeholders ............................................................................................................... 205 3.14.7 Programmes and Projects .................................................................................................. 206 3.14.8 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations ................................................................ 207 3.15 LUNGALUNGA MUNICIPALITY ......................................................................................... 208 3.3.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 208 3.3.2 Vision .................................................................................................................................... 208 3.3.3 Mission .................................................................................................................................. 208 3.3.4 Strategic Objectives .............................................................................................................. 208 3.3.5 Strategic Priorities and Strategic Interventions ..................................................................... 208 3.3.6 Key stakeholders ................................................................................................................... 209 3.3.7 Programmes and Projects ...................................................................................................... 210 3.3.8 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations .................................................................... 211 3.16 KINANGO MUNICIPALITY .................................................................................................. 212 3.3.9 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 212 3.3.10 Vision ................................................................................................................................ 212 3.3.11 Mission .............................................................................................................................. 212 3.3.12 Strategic Objectives .......................................................................................................... 212 3.3.13 Strategic Priorities and Strategic Interventions ................................................................. 212 3.3.14 Key stakeholders ............................................................................................................... 213 3.3.15 Programmes and Projects .................................................................................................. 213 3.3.16 Cross-Sectoral Implementation Considerations ................................................................ 214 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page xvii CHAPTER FOUR: RESOURCE REQUIREMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK 216 4.1 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................... 216 4.2 RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK BY SECTOR AND PROGRAMME 220 4.2.1 RESOURCE REQUIREMENT BY SECTOR AND PROGRAMME ........................................................ 220 4.2.2 REVENUE PROJECTIONS ............................................................................................................. 221 4.3 RISK MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................. 221 CHAPTER FIVE: MONITORING AND EVALUATION ................................................................ 224 5.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 224 5.2 TYPE OF INDICATORS ................................................................................................................ 224 5.3 DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS AND REPORTING MECHANISMS ................................................ 224 5.4 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR M&E .................................................................................. 224 5.5 DISSEMINATION AND FEEDBACK MECHANISM .......................................................................... 224 MONITORING AND EVAKUATION MATRIX ............................................................................... 225 3061 FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING ........................................................................................... 225 3062 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES .................................................... 227 3063 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES .................................................... 230 3064 DEPARTMENT OF CURATIVE AND REHABILITATIVE HEALTH SERVICES ..................................... 232 3065 COUNTY ASSEMBLY ..................................................................................................................... 233 DEPARTMENT OF TRADE, INVESTMENT AND COOPERATIVES ............................................................... 234 3067 DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES ............................................................................................. 236 3069 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ...................................................................................................... 237 3070 DEPARTMENT OF WATER SERVICES ............................................................................................. 238 3071 DEPARTMENT OF ROADS AND PUBLIC WORKS ............................................................................ 239 3072 DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM AND ICT ........................................................................................... 241 3074 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE AND ADMINISTRATION ......................................................... 243 3075 KWALE MUNICIPALITY................................................................................................................. 244 3076 DIANI MUNICIPALITY ................................................................................................................... 245 3078 LUNGA LUNGA MUNICIPALITY .................................................................................................... 245 3079 KINANGO MUNICIPALITY ............................................................................................................. 246 3080 PREVENTIVE AND PROMOTIVE HEALTH SERVICES ...................................................................... 247 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 251 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page xviii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of Kwale County in Kenya ............................................................................................. 2 Figure 2: Topographical Zones in Kwale County ......................................................................................... 3 Figure 3: Distribution of rivers in the County ............................................................................................... 4 Figure 4: Kwale County administrative and political boundaries ................................................................. 8 Figure 5: Demographic features .................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 6: Household Income and Per Capita Income ................................................................................. 13 Figure 7: CADP Linkage with Other Plans ................................................................................................ 16 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Rivers in Kwale County .................................................................................................................. 4 Table 2: Kwale County agro-ecological zones ............................................................................................. 6 Table 3: Area (KM2) by Sub County ............................................................................................................ 7 Table 4: County Government Administrative wards .................................................................................... 7 Table 5: Distribution of Population by Sex, Number of Households, Land Area, Population Density, Sub County and Ward- 2019 Census ................................................................................................................... 7 Table 6: Population Projections (By Sub County and Sex) .......................................................................... 9 Table 7: Population Projections by Age Cohort ......................................................................................... 10 Table 8: Population distribution and density by Sub- County .................................................................... 12 Table 9: Revenue Performance Analysis .................................................................................................... 17 Table 10: Expenditure Analysis .................................................................................................................. 18 Table 11: Pending bills per sector/programme ........................................................................................... 19 Table 12: Summary of Programme Implementation – Finance and Economic Planning ........................... 21 Table 13: Summary of Programme Implementation – Executive Services ................................................ 22 Table 14: Major Sub-Sector Achievements ................................................................................................ 24 Table 15: Livestock Sub sector Performance ............................................................................................. 25 Table 16: Summary of planned programme Performance .......................................................................... 27 Table 17: Land Management Achievements .............................................................................................. 30 Table 18: Status of Capital Projects – Environment and Natural Resources .............................................. 30 Table 19: Summary of Program Performance Curative and rehabilitative Health services ....................... 33 Table 20: Summary of Program Performance – Preventive and Promotive Health Services ..................... 35 Table 21: Status of Capital Projects – Curative Health Services ................................................................ 36 Table 22: Status of Capital Projects – Preventive and Promotive Health Services .................................... 44 Table 23: Summary of Programme Implementation – County Assembly .................................................. 48 Table 24: Status of Capital Projects – County Assembly ........................................................................... 49 Table 25: Summary of Programme Performance – Tourism and Enterprise Development ....................... 51 Table 26: Status of Capital Projects – Tourism and Enterprise Development ............................................ 54 Table 27: Summary of Programme Performance ....................................................................................... 59 Table 28: Status of Capital Projects – Social Services and Talent Management ........................................ 63 Table 29: Sector Programme Performance ................................................................................................ 65 Table 30: Project status Department of education Project status ................................................................ 67 Table 31: Sector Programme performance – Water Services .................................................................... 75 Table 32: Status of Capital Projects – Water Services ................................................................................ 77 Table 33: Programme performance – Roads and Public Works ................................................................. 94 Table 34: Status of Capital Projects – Roads and Public Works ................................................................ 95 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page xix Table 35: Department’s programme performance .................................................................................... 111 Table 36: Status of Capital/Development Projects ................................................................................... 112 Table 37: Status of Capital Projects – Kwale Municipality ...................................................................... 114 Table 38: Summary of Programme Performance – Kwale Municipality.................................................. 115 Table 39: Status of Capital Projects – Diani Municipality ....................................................................... 116 Table 40: Summary of Programme Performance – Diani Municipality ................................................... 116 Table 41: Key priorities and strategic interventions ................................................................................. 117 Table 42: Stakeholder analysis ................................................................................................................. 118 Table 43: Summary of Programmes ......................................................................................................... 119 Table 44: Capital Projects for the FY2025-2026 ...................................................................................... 120 Table 45: Cross-sectoral Impacts .............................................................................................................. 121 Table 46: Strategic priorities and interventions ........................................................................................ 122 Table 47: Stakeholder analysis ................................................................................................................. 123 Table 48: Summary of Department Programmes...................................................................................... 124 Table 49: Development projects for FY2025-2026 .................................................................................. 127 Table 50: Cross-sectoral Impacts .............................................................................................................. 130 Table 51: Strategic priorities and interventions ........................................................................................ 131 Table 52: Stakeholder analysis ................................................................................................................. 131 Table 53: Department of Environment - Capital Projects for FY2025-2026 ............................................ 134 Table 54: Cross-sectoral Impacts .............................................................................................................. 136 Table 55: Sector Priorities and Strategic Interventions............................................................................. 138 Table 56: Stakeholder Analysis ................................................................................................................ 140 Table 57: Summary of department Programmes ...................................................................................... 141 Table 58: Development Projects for the FY2025-2026 ............................................................................ 146 Table 59: Cross-sectoral Impacts .............................................................................................................. 153 Table 60: Sector Priorities and Interventions ............................................................................................ 154 Table 61: Stakeholder Analysis ................................................................................................................ 155 Table 62: Summary of department Programmes ...................................................................................... 156 Table 63: Capital/ Development Projects ................................................................................................. 156 Table 64: Sector Priorities and Strategic Interventions............................................................................. 157 Table 65: Stakeholder Analysis ................................................................................................................ 158 Table 66: Summary of Programmes ......................................................................................................... 159 Table 67: Capital projects for the FY2025-2026 ...................................................................................... 160 Table 68: Cross-sectoral Impacts .............................................................................................................. 162 Table 69: Sector Priorities and strategies .................................................................................................. 164 Table 70: Stakeholder analysis ................................................................................................................. 164 Table 71: Summary of Programmes ......................................................................................................... 165 Table 72: Development projects for FY 2025-2026 ................................................................................. 166 Table 73: Cross-sectoral Impacts .............................................................................................................. 167 Table 74: Sector Priorities and strategies .................................................................................................. 168 Table 75: Stakeholder analysis ................................................................................................................. 169 Table 76: Summary of Programmes ......................................................................................................... 169 Table 77: Development projects for FY 2025-2026 ................................................................................. 171 Table 78: Cross-Sectoral Impacts ............................................................................................................. 174 Table 79: Payments of Grants, Benefits and Subsidies............................................................................. 176 Table 80: Strategic priorities and interventions ........................................................................................ 176 Table 81: Stakeholder analysis ................................................................................................................. 177 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page xx Table 82: Summary of Programmes ......................................................................................................... 178 Table 83: Capital projects for FY2025 – 2026 ......................................................................................... 178 Table 84: Cross-sectoral Impacts .............................................................................................................. 182 Table 85: Development Projects FY2025- 2026 ....................................................................................... 193 Table 86: Summary of the sector Programmes ......................................................................................... 197 Table 87: Capital projects for FY2025-2026 ............................................................................................ 197 Table 88: Cross-sectoral Impacts .............................................................................................................. 198 Table 89: Strategic Priorities .................................................................................................................... 201 Table 90: Stakeholder analysis ................................................................................................................. 202 Table 91: Summary of Programmes ......................................................................................................... 202 Table 92: Capital Projects for the FY 2025-2026 ..................................................................................... 203 Table 93: Cross-sectoral Impacts .............................................................................................................. 204 Table 94: Strategic Priorities .................................................................................................................... 204 Table 95: Key stakeholders ....................................................................................................................... 205 Table 96: Summary of the sector Programmes ......................................................................................... 206 Table 97: Capital Projects for the FY 2025-2026 ..................................................................................... 207 Table 98: Cross-sectoral Impacts .............................................................................................................. 207 Table 99: Implementation Framework ...................................................................................................... 219 Table 100: Summary of Resource Requirement by department ............................................................... 220 Table 101: Revenue projection ................................................................................................................. 221 Table 102: Risk, Implication, Level and Mitigation Measures ................................................................. 221 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 1 CHAPTER ONE: COUNTY OVERVIEW 1.0 Introduction This chapter gives a brief overview of the county. It provides a description of the county in terms of the location, size, physiographic and natural conditions, demographic profiles as well as the administrative and political units. In addition, it provides information on major economic activities and human development index. 1.1 Background The Constitution 2010 ushered in a new system of governance in Kenya comprising of one national government and 47 county governments. Article 176 and the First Schedule of the Constitution created county governments with Kwale being one of them. Kwale County is one of the six counties in the coastal region under the Jumuiya ya Kaunti za Pwani (JKP) economic bloc. Kwale County has a total population of 866,820 and land area of 8254 square kilometres. The population density is 105 persons per square kilometre and has 173,176 households with an average household size of 5.0. The rural population is 740,389 (85% 0f the total population) with a land area of 8191 (99% of the total land area) implying a population density of 90 persons per square kilometre. The main source of livelihood of the rural population (which forms 85% of the total population) is aagriculture. The county population gender ratio comprises 425,121 (49%) males and 441,681 (51%) females. The Gross County Product (GCP) accounted for 1.1 per cent of total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as at 2017. The GCP increased from Ksh. 47,981 in 2013 to Ksh.86, 278 in 2017 representing an annual average growth rate of 13.2 per cent. The service sector contributes 47.0 per cent of the GCP while agriculture, manufacturing and other industries sector shared 45.8 per cent, 0.2 per cent and 7.0 per cent, respectively. In 2015/2016, the overall poverty rate in Kwale County was 47.0 per cent against the national poverty rate of 36.1 per cent. In addition, 40.3 per cent of the population were living in food poverty and 69.9 per cent were living in multidimensional poverty. This means that the 69.9% were people deprived in several dimensions including health care, nutrition and adequate food, drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, education, knowledge of health and nutrition, housing and standard of living as well as access to information. Kwale County is a tourism destination and takes pride of its pristine beaches, highly rated world class hotels, marine parks and game reserves, nascent tourist sites and a number of untapped cultural resources. Diani beach which is the main tourist attraction site has been voted the best beach destination in Africa for seven years consecutively. Visitor numbers have been increasing over the seven years (2017 -2023; years inclusive). Due to this the Diani airstrip has been earmarked for upgrading to airport status in the coming Fourth Medium Term Plan 2023-2027 to promote tourism. KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 2 The County is home to huge mineral reserves which remain untapped. So far, only Titanium has been commercially exploited. The county mining operations for titanium account for almost 65 percent of the Kenya’s mining industry by mineral output value. The county mining operations are estimated to add up more than US$ 100 Million to Kenya’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) annually. 1.2 Position and Size Kwale County borders Taita Taveta County to the North West, Kilifi County to the North and North East, Mombasa County and Indian Ocean to the East and South East and the United Republic of Tanzania to the South West. The County is located in the Southern tip of Kenya (Figure 1), lying between Latitudes 30.05º to 40.75º south and Longitudes 38.52º to 39.51º east. Kwale County covers an area of about 8,270.2 Square Kilometres, of which 62 is water surface. The area excludes the 200 miles’ coastal strip known as the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). Figure 1: Location of Kwale County in Kenya 1.3 Physiographic and Natural Conditions 1.3.1 Physical and Topographic Features The County comprises the following main topographic features, which are closely related to the geological characteristics of the area: a. The Coastal Plain: The Coastal plain; sometimes referred to as the “coral rag”. It is a narrow strip of land, three to ten (3-10) kilometers wide, with approximately 255 kilometers length from Likoni to Vanga. It lies 30 meters above sea level and extends 10 kilometers inland. This strip of land consists of corals, sand, and alluvial deposits. KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 3 b. The Foot Plateau: Behind the coastal plain is the foot plateau. It lies at an altitude of between 60 and 135 meters above sea level on a flat plain surface with high potential permeable sand hills and loamy soils. This is the sugar cane zone of the region. c. The Coastal Range/Uplands: Commonly known as Shimba Hills, the area rises steeply from the foot plateau to an altitude between 150 metres and 462 meters above sea level. This topographical zone is made up of many sandstone hills. The hills include Shimba Hills (420 m), Tsimba (350 m), Mrima (323 m) and Dzombo (462 m). This is an area of medium to high agricultural potential. d. The Nyika Plateau: This zone stands at an altitude of about 180 to 300 meters above sea level on the western boundary of the region. The zone is underlain by a basement rock system with exception of reddish sand soils. This area occupies over 50% (half) of the region and is characterized by semi-arid conditions except for occasional patches. The area has reddish soils which are generally poor or of low fertility. The main activity in the area is livestock rearing. Figure 2: Topographical Zones in Kwale County Source: Kwale District & Mombasa Mainland South Regional Physical Development Plan 2004–2034 1.3.2 Drainage and Water Resources Generally, the County is well drained by seven major rivers and numerous minor streams as shown in Fig. 2. Of the seven rivers (7), three (3) are permanent which drain into the Indian Ocean. Table 1 shows water potential and yields for the rivers and streams in the County. KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 4 Figure 3: Distribution of rivers in the County Source: Geo-Water RCMRD SERVIR 2015 Table 1: Rivers in Kwale County River Source Areas traversed Endpoint Marere Marere Spring Shimba rain forest Shimba Hills National Park The Indian Ocean at Bombo Creek Mkurumudzi Shimba Hills Shimba Hills Msambweni The Indian Ocean at Gazi Msambweni Umba Usambara Mountains Lunga-lunga –Vanga The Indian Ocean at Vanga Pemba Marere Spring Kinango area Kinango-Tsunza The Indian Ocean at Bombo Creek Ramisi Chenze Ranges Mwereni –Shimoni The Indian Ocean at Bod/Shimoni Mwache South Samburu South Samburu The Indian Ocean at Mazeras Mwachema Majimboni~Msulwa Majimboni-Gombato- Diani The Indian Ocean at Diani Source: Kwale County First Integrated Development Plan 2013-2017 1.3.3 Water Potential The County has a great potential of potable underground water with six main underground water catchments and reservoir as explained below: KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 5 a. Tiwi Catchment The aquifer has an area of 20 km2 with good quality water. It has a through flow of 42,000m3/hr. This reduces to 25,000m3/hr to the north of Ng’ombeni due to decrease in permeability (GoK 1999). Of the total capacity, only 20,000m3/day is abstracted through shallow boreholes b. Msambweni Catchment This covers about 42 km2 with a through flow of 27,440m3/hr. Out of the total capacity, only 13,720m3/hr can be abstracted without changes in water quality during the dry spell. Currently 17,800m3/day is abstracted through 251 shallow boreholes (GoK 1999). c. Diani Catchment The aquifer covers 19 km2 and has a very low recharge due to high clay content which decreases the permeability. It has a through flow of 1400m3/hr. A number of shallow boreholes have been drilled in the area. d. Ramisi Catchment This is a very large catchment that reaches westward to include outcrops of the Duruma sandstone series. Due to these reason surface runoffs are saline. e. Mwachema Catchment It has low potential for fresh water due to increased clay content and sea water intrusion. f. Umba and Mwena Catchment The underlying geology of this area consists of the Duruma sandstone series, which is highly mineralized. Water in these catchments, therefore, is saline. 1.3.4 Climatic Conditions The County has a tropical type of climate influenced by the monsoon winds/seasons. The average temperature is about 23ºC with maximum temperature of 25ºC being experienced in March during the inter-monsoon period and minimum temperature of 21ºC experienced in July a month after the start of the southwest monsoon (also known as Kusi). Rainfall is bi-modal with short rains (Mvua ya Vuli) being experienced from October to December, while the long rains (Mvua ya Masika) are experienced from March/April to July. There is a strong east to west gradient of decreasing precipitation with eastern (coastal) parts of the County receiving greater than 1000 mm of precipitation per year, while a majority of the County; central to west around 500-750 mm. Some areas along the western side of the County receive less than 500 mm of precipitation per year. As such, heat stress, dry spells, and drought are hazards that strongly contribute to agricultural risks in the County, especially in the central and western parts of the County. However, flooding due to intense rains has also occurred historically and as such is a risk to the County, especially in the central to eastern parts (including the coast) of the County. KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 6 1.3.5 Ecological Conditions The county is divided into agro-ecological zones in terms of agricultural potential. Moderate potential and marginal lands constitutes 15% and 18% of the total land area respectively. The rest 67% is range, arid and semi-arid land suitable only for livestock and limited cultivation of drought resistant crops. Annual precipitation is less than 800mm on the average and is extremely unreliable. Table 2: Kwale County agro-ecological zones Zones % of land area Economic Activities Coastal lowlands CL2 zone (lowland marginal sugar cane zone) 3 Main production area for rain fed rice. Most of the food crops grown in the district are found here. Coastal lowlands CL3 zone (coconut & cassava zone). 13 Tree crops, food crops and livestock. Major crops include cashew nuts, maize and beans. Coastal lowland s CL4 zone (cashew nut & cassava zone) 12 Marginal agricultural potential with cashew nuts dominating the cash crops. Livestock are kept and crops grown on small scale. Coastal lowlands CL5 zone (livestock & millet zone). 40 Livestock are the principal enterprise and include cattle, sheep, goats and poultry. Common subsistence crops include maize, sorghum, cowpeas, groundnuts, cassava and green grams. Coastal lowlands CL6 zone (ranching zone) 32 A zone characterized by very low crop production potential. Majority of farmers concentrate on keeping livestock; mainly local cattle and goats as their main source of livelihood. 1.4 Administrative and Political Units 1.4.1 Administrative Units Kwale is a multi-ethnic county that is predominantly occupied by the Digo and Duruma as the majority ethnic groups. Other ethnic groups living in the County are Kamba, Washirazi, Wapemba, Makonde, as well as other Kenyan ethnic groups. Included, are also Europeans, Asians and non- citizens who are a minority. Kwale County is administered as follows:- KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 7 Table 3: Area (KM2) by Sub County Sub County No. of Divisions No. of Locations No. of Sub Locations Area (KM2 ) Lungalunga 1 4 17 2,765 Msambweni 1 4 11 412 Matuga 2 5 28 1,033 Kinango 2 7 34 4,043 Source: Kwale County Commissioner’s Office 1.4.2 County Government Administrative wards by Sub County Kwale County comprises of six sub-counties namely Msambweni, Matuga, Kinango, Lungalunga, Samburu and the newly gazetted Shimba Hills. The sub counties are further divided into 20 wards and 77 village units. Table 4: County Government Administrative wards Sub County Number of wards Number of Village Units Kinango 7 29 Matuga 5 20 Lungalunga 4 15 Msambweni 4 13 Total 20 77 Source: Kwale County Government Public Service and Administration’s Office 1.4.3 Political Units (Constituency and wards) Kwale County also has four constituencies with members of parliament representing Msambweni, Matuga, Lungalunga and Kinango and a women representative in the National Assembly. The county has a senator and 20 elected members of the County Assembly. Table 5: Distribution of Population by Sex, Number of Households, Land Area, Population Density, Sub County and Ward- 2019 Census Sub County/ Constituency Ward Sex* Households Land Area Density Total Male Female Total KM2 Persons per Km2 866,820 425,121 441,681 173,176 8,254 105 Matuga Tsimba-Golini 44,158 21,736 22,422 9,210 400 110 Waa –Ng’ombeni 50,326 24,938 25,386 10,904 103 487 Tiwi 23,914 12,013 11,901 4,980 51 466 Kubo South 25,574 12,955 12,619 5,466 211 121 Mkongani 50,280 24,189 26,091 8,671 268 188 Sub Total 194,252 95,831 98,419 39,231 1,034 188 Kinango Ndavaya 38,173 18,506 19,666 6,110 516 74 Puma 29,903 14,533 15,370 4,893 894 33 Mackinon Road 48,273 23,473 24,797 8,628 1,071 45 Chengoni/Samburu 50,248 24,081 26,165 8,187 748 67 Mwavumbo 43,768 21,095 22,672 7,652 283 154 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 8 Kasemeni 59,946 28,848 31,097 10,603 329 182 Kinango 26,144 12,374 13,770 5,040 202 129 Sub Total 296,455 142,910 153,537 51,113 4,043 73 Msambweni Gombato Bongwe 44,331 22,376 21,953 12,421 49 899 Ukunda 52,537 26,220 26,315 15,948 26 2060 Kinondo 32,546 16,749 15,797 6,853 146 223 Ramisi 48,276 23,861 24,415 10,244 191 252 Sub Total 177,690 89,206 88,480 45,466 412 432 Lunga-Lunga Pongwe/Kikoneni 54,227 26,907 27,320 10,683 279 194 Dzombo 44,983 21,654 23,327 7,971 220 204 Mwereni 55,112 26,756 28,356 9,884 2,029 27 Vanga 44,101 21,857 22,242 8,828 237 186 Sub Total 198,423 97,174 101,245 37,366 2,765 72 Source: Kenya Housing and Population Census 2019 Figure 4: Kwale County administrative and political boundaries Source: ICPAC_IGAD_UNOSAT 2017 The county has two established municipalities namely; Diani and Kwale. Kwale municipality is the county headquarters while Diani is popular for both local and international tourism because of the presence of its pristine beaches. Recently two more municipalities were inaugurated adding the number to four. These are Kinango and Lungalunga municipalities. 1.5 Demographic Features According to the 2019 Census, Kwale County has a total population of 866,820 and land area of 8254 square kilometres. The population density is 105 persons per square kilometre and has 173,176 households with an average household size of 5.0. The rural population is 740,389 with a land area of 8191 implying a population density of 90 persons per square kilometre. The rural population which is engaged in Agriculture as the main source of livelihood accounts for about 85 percent of the total county population. From a gender perspective, the county comprises 425,121 KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 9 (49%) males and 441,681 (51%) are females. The annual average population growth rate is estimated at 3.8%. Figure 5: Demographic features Source: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics 1.5.1 Population Size and Composition Table 6: Population Projections (By Sub County and Sex) Sub county Ward 2019 2022 2025 2027 Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Matuga Tsimba-Golini 44158 21736 22422 45836 22562 23274 47578 23419 24158 49386 24309 25076 Waa –Ng’ombeni 50326 24938 25386 52236 25886 26351 54221 26869 27352 56282 27890 28391 Tiwi 23914 12013 11901 24823 12469 12353 25766 12943 12823 26745 13435 13310 Kubo South 25574 12955 12619 26546 13447 13099 27555 13958 13596 28602 14489 14113 Mkongani 50280 24189 26091 52191 25108 27082 54174 26062 28112 56232 27053 29180 Total 194252 95831 98419 201632 99473 102159 209293 103253 106041 217247 107176 110071 Kinango Ndavaya 38173 18506 19666 39624 19209 20413 41128 19939 21189 42691 20697 21994 Puma 29903 14533 15370 31039 15085 15954 32219 15658 16560 33443 16254 17190 Mackinon Road 48273 23473 24797 50107 24365 25739 52008 25291 26717 53985 26252 27733 Chengoni/ Samburu 50248 24081 26165 52157 24996 27159 54137 25946 28191 56194 26932 29263 Mwavumbo 43768 21095 22672 45431 21897 23534 47156 22729 24428 48948 23592 25356 Kasemeni 59946 28848 31097 62224 29944 32279 64587 31082 33505 67042 32263 34778 Kinango 26144 12374 13770 27137 12844 14293 28169 13332 14836 29239 13839 15400 Total 296455 142910 153537 307720 148341 159371 319405 153978 165428 331542 159829 171714 Msambweni Gombato Bongwe 44331 22376 21953 46016 23226 22787 47762 24109 23653 49577 25025 24552 Ukunda 52537 26220 26315 54533 27216 27315 56604 28251 28353 58754 29324 29430 Kinondo 32546 16749 15797 33783 17385 16397 35066 18046 17020 36399 18732 17667 Ramisi 48276 23861 24415 50110 24768 25343 52015 25709 26306 53991 26686 27305 Total 177690 89206 88480 184442 92596 91842 191447 96114 95332 198722 99767 98955 Lunga-Lunga Pongwe/Kikoneni 54227 26907 27320 56288 27929 28358 58427 28991 29436 60647 30092 30554 Dzombo 44983 21654 23327 46692 22477 24213 48465 23331 25134 50306 24218 26089 Mwereni 55112 26756 28356 57206 27773 29434 59380 28828 30552 61637 29924 31713 Vanga 44101 21857 22242 45777 22688 23087 47514 23550 23965 49320 24445 24875 Total 198423 97174 101245 205963 100867 105092 213785 104700 109086 221909 108678 113231 Grand Total 866820 425121 441681 899759 441276 458465 933931 458044 475887 969420 475450 493970 Source: Kenya Housing and Population Census 2019 The County population projections for 2022 to 2027 is based on the 2019 Kenya Housing and Population Census by age cohort and gender as presented in table 5 below. Out of the County total population, 112,152 (1.7 per cent) are persons living with disability (PLWDs). Youth constitute 33.0 per cent (286,051) of the population of whom 53.0 per cent (151607) are female. The different age categories are discussed here below; 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 KWALE KINANGO LUNGALUNGA MATUGA MSAMBWENI SAMBURU Total Sex Male Sex Female Sex Intersex Households Total Land Area Sq.km Density Persons Per Sq. km KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 10 a) Children (Under 4 Years) The number of children under the age of four year was 130,310 in 2019 and projected to rise to 135,262 in 2022, 140,402 in 2025 and 145,737, by 2027. This increase in the population for this age cohort is attributed to decline in mortality rate due to enhanced immunization programs that have been scaled up by the Health sector actors in the county. About 50% of all births in the county are delivered by a skilled health worker and 85% of the children 12-23 months are fully vaccinated. Therefore, the County should give priority in the health sector through improved infrastructure, employing more health workers and availability of necessary medicines. b) Pre-School and Primary School Age (5-14 Years) This represents about 30 percent of the total population in the 2019 Population census. This age group is expected to be in early childhood and primary school education (Basic Education).The number of children in this age cohort is projected to be 257,974; 265,873; and 282,507 in 2022, 2025 and 2027 respectively. Early Childhood Development Education (ECDE), being the foundation of education, the County government needs to ensure facilities are put in place, learning and teaching materials are available, and number of teachers are increased with the growing number of children. Similarly for the Primary Education though not one of its functions, the County government should liaise with the National government and such institutions like the local members of parliament and development partners for the provision of adequate learning facilities that are well equipped and accessible to improve the quality of primary education. Table 7: Population Projections by Age Cohort Population Census Figures Projected Figures based on 3.8 percent growth 2019 2022 2025 2027 Age Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 0 - 4 65,529 64,781 130,310 68,019 67,243 135,262 70,604 69,798 140,402 73,287 72,450 145,737 5 - 9 66,699 65,043 131,742 69,234 67,515 136,748 71,864 70,080 141,945 74,595 72,743 147,339 10 – 14 63,198 62,091 125,289 65,600 64,450 130,050 68,092 66,900 134,992 70,680 69,442 140,122 15 – 19 49,416 47,688 97,104 51,294 49,500 100,794 53,243 51,381 104,624 55,266 53,334 108,600 20 – 24 32,703 39,092 71,795 33,946 40,577 74,523 35,236 42,119 77,355 36,575 43,720 80,295 25 – 29 28,302 34,388 62,690 29,377 35,695 65,072 30,494 37,051 67,545 31,653 38,459 70,112 30 – 34 24,738 30,715 55,453 25,678 31,882 57,560 26,654 33,094 59,748 27,667 34,351 62,018 35 – 39 19,315 20,499 39,814 20,049 21,278 41,327 20,811 22,087 42,897 21,602 22,926 44,527 40 – 44 18,245 19,570 37,815 18,938 20,314 39,252 19,658 21,086 40,744 20,405 21,887 42,292 45 – 49 14,780 13,753 28,533 15,342 14,276 29,617 15,925 14,818 30,743 16,530 15,381 31,911 50 – 54 10,743 8,758 19,501 11,151 9,091 20,242 11,575 9,436 21,011 12,015 9,795 21,810 55 – 59 8,584 8,180 16,764 8,910 8,491 17,401 9,249 8,813 18,062 9,600 9,148 18,749 60 – 64 7,574 9,391 16,965 7,862 9,748 17,610 8,161 10,118 18,279 8,471 10,503 18,973 65 – 69 6,281 6,572 12,853 6,520 6,822 13,341 6,767 7,081 13,848 7,025 7,350 14,375 70 – 74 4,170 5,267 9,437 4,328 5,467 9,796 4,493 5,675 10,168 4,664 5,891 10,554 75 – 79 2,272 2,344 4,616 2,358 2,433 4,791 2,448 2,526 4,973 2,541 2,621 5,162 80+ 2,572 3,569 6,141 2,670 3,705 6,374 2,771 3,845 6,617 2,876 3,992 6,868 TOTAL S 425,121 441,701 866,822 441,276 458,486 899,761 458,044 475,908 933,952 475,450 493,993 969,442 Source: KNBS KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 11 c) Secondary School Age (15- 19 Years) The population in this age group was 97,104 in 2019 and is projected to rise to 108,600 by 2027 .Currently, only 34% of the population in this age group is enrolled in 54 secondary schools. The low transition rate from primary to secondary school is as a result of a combination of factors including poverty, combined with cultural and religious factors. Therefore, it is prudent for the County government to work with the national government to provide adequate secondary schools with necessary facilities to absorb and provide quality education. While majority of this age group are youth, special provisions have to be made by stakeholders and community in general in ensuring that interest of the youth are catered for. This will include insulating them against social vices such as drug abuse and early marriages d) Youth (15 - 35 Years) This age group which was 287,042 constituted about 33 percent of the total population in the 2019 Kenya Population census. This is projected to reach 321,035 by 2027 . This age group consists of youth both in school and out of school who face various challenges. The youth need skills to be able to engage in gainful employment and should be protected against contracting HIV and AIDS, and indulging in drug and substance abuse, protecting them from early marriages, prostitution and unwanted pregnancies. This can be achieved by ensuring that youth are occupied through sports activities, skills development and acquisition of gainful knowledge through the various channels of communication such as internet, radio programmes and youth centres. The County government should embark in building more technical training institutes and polytechnics to enrol them to acquire more necessary and entrepreneurial skills so they can create self-employment. For the already affected youth due to drug abuse, the County Government has established a rehabilitation centre in Kombani to treat them through methadone. Campaigns against violence extremism and influence of Alshabab Islamic ideology have taken place to address such youth challenges. e) Reproductive Age (15 - 49 Years) This age group is the main determining factor in natural population growth thus their increase will result into a corresponding growth of population. The number of females in the reproductive age group in 2019 was 205,705, and is expected to rise to 439,754 by 2027 .With a fertility rate of 5 children per woman compared to the national average of 3.9 births per woman, the County government ought to improve services such as maternity and family planning. Currently, 50% of the married women in the county are using contraceptives with 74% of all births in the county being delivered by a skilled health worker and 85% of the children 12-23 months are fully vaccinated. f) Labour Force (15 – 64 Years) According to the 2019 KPHC, the labour force population is estimated to total 446,434 which is about 51.5 percent of the population. The labour force population consists of 214,400 males and 232,034 females in 2019. This age group is projected to increase to 499,286 by 2027 .Women and KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 12 youth constitute the majority of labour force. Therefore, it becomes necessary for the County government to build capacity and engage different stakeholders to provide employment opportunities. It is also prudent to invest in self-employment activities such as modern agriculture, agri-business, eco-tourism, tourism, Jua kali sector and agro-based industries. The government should give more incentives and subsidies to investors and entrepreneurs so that they in turn create more job opportunities. Table 8: Population distribution and density by Sub- County Sub county Ward 2019(Census) 2022(Projections) 2025(Projections) 2025(Projections) Area (km2) Population Density Area (km2) Population Density Area (km2) Population Density Area (km2) Population Density Matuga Tsimba-Golini 400 44,158 110 400 45,836 115 400 47,578 119 400 49386 123 Waa – Ng’ombeni 103 50,326 487 103 52,236 505 103 54,221 524 103 56282 544 Tiwi 51 23,914 466 51 24,823 484 51 25,766 502 51 26745 521 Kubo South 211 25,574 121 211 26,546 126 211 27,555 130 211 28602 135 Mkongani 268 50,280 188 268 52,191 195 268 54,174 202 268 56232 210 Total 1034 194,252 188 1034 201,632 195 1034 209,293 202 1034 217247 210 Kinango Ndavaya 516 38,173 74 516 39,624 77 516 41,128 80 516 42691 83 Puma 894 29,903 33 894 31,039 35 894 32,219 36 894 33443 37 Mackinon Road 1071 48,273 45 1071 50,107 47 1071 52,008 49 1071 53985 50 Chengoni/Sam buru 748 50,248 67 748 52,157 70 748 54,137 72 748 56194 75 Mwavumbo 283 43,768 154 283 45,431 160 283 47,156 166 283 48948 173 Kasemeni 329 59,946 182 329 62,224 189 329 64,587 197 329 67042 204 Kinango 202 26,144 129 202 27,137 134 202 28,169 139 202 29239 145 Total 4043 296,455 73 4043 307,720 76 4043 319,405 79 4043 331542 82 Msambweni Gombato Bongwe 49 44,331 899 49 46,016 933 49 47,762 969 49 49577 1006 Ukunda 26 52,537 2,060 26 54,533 2,139 26 56,604 2220 26 58754 2304 Kinondo 146 32,546 223 146 33,783 232 146 35,066 241 146 36399 250 Ramisi 191 48,276 252 191 50,110 262 191 52,015 272 191 53991 282 Total 412 177,690 432 412 184,442 448 412 191,447 465 412 198722 483 Lunga- Lunga Pongwe/Kikon eni 279 54,227 194 279 56,288 202 279 58,427 209 279 60647 217 Dzombo 220 44,983 204 220 46,692 212 220 48,465 220 220 50306 229 Mwereni 2029 55,112 27 2029 57,206 28 2029 59,380 29 2029 61637 30 Vanga 237 44,101 186 237 45,777 193 237 47,514 201 237 49320 208 Total 2765 198,423 72 2765 205,963 74 2765 213,785 77 2765 221909 80 Grand Total 8254 866820 105 8254 899759 109 8254 933931 113 8254 969420 117 The population data indicates that Kinango sub-county has the highest population of 296, 455 in 2019 with a population density of 73 persons per square kilometre. Lungalunga sub-county has the least population density(72 persons per square kilometre. Msambweni Sub-County is estimated to have the least population of the four (4) sub counties of 177,690 in 2019. The sub-county however, has the highest population density of 432 persons per square kilometres in 2019. The availability of infrastructure and services coupled with favourable climatic conditions is cited to be the major influence of this population distribution. On the ward population, Kasemeni ward has the highest population of 59,946, while Tiwi ward has the least population of 23,914 persons. Ukunda ward has the highest population density with 2,060 persons per square kilometres while Puma Ward has the least population density with 33 persons per square kilometres. KWALE COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) FY2025 - 2026 Kwale County Economic Planning Division Page 13 1.5.2 Demographic Dividend The demographic dividend as defined by the United Nations Population Fund refers to the accelerated economic growth attained by slowing down the pace of population growth while at the same time